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4 Greedy Algorithms

The document introduces greedy algorithms which build solutions incrementally by choosing the locally optimal option at each step hoping this leads to a globally optimal solution. Greedy algorithms work best for problems that satisfy the greedy choice and optimal substructure properties and provide efficient solutions, though not always globally optimal.

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Abhishek Kesharwani
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18 views

4 Greedy Algorithms

The document introduces greedy algorithms which build solutions incrementally by choosing the locally optimal option at each step hoping this leads to a globally optimal solution. Greedy algorithms work best for problems that satisfy the greedy choice and optimal substructure properties and provide efficient solutions, though not always globally optimal.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Kesharwani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Greedy Algorithms

This lesson introduces the Greedy problem-solving technique.

Greedy is an algorithmic paradigm that builds up a solution piece by piece;


this means it chooses the next piece that offers the most obvious and
immediate benefit. A Greedy algorithm, as the name implies, always makes
the choice that seems to be the best at the time. It makes a locally-optimal
choice in the hope that it will lead to a globally optimal solution.

The problems where the locally-optimal choice leads to a global solution


are the best fit for the Greedy technique.

 

The Greedy method can solve a problem that satisfies the below-mentioned
properties:

1. Greedy choice property: A global optimum can be arrived at by


selecting a local optimum.

2. Optimal substructure: An optimal solution to the problem contains an


optimal solution to subproblems.

Greedy algorithms work by recursively constructing a set of pieces from the


smallest possible constituent parts. Recursion is an approach to problem-
solving in which the solution to a particular problem depends on solutions to
smaller instances of the same problem.
Reference (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Greedy-
search-path-example.gif)

Looking at the animation, we can see that the greedy algorithm just grabs the
solution it thinks is best—without looking at its consequences. It might work in
some cases, especially those where the optimal solution of the subset is the
solution for the superset as well.

So, the disadvantage is that it is entirely possible that the most optimal short-
term solutions may lead to the worst possible long-term outcome!!

However, the advantage of using a greedy algorithm is that solutions to smaller


instances of the problem can be straightforward and easy to understand.

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