Asian Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies

3(3): 1-18, 2020; Article no.AJL2C.56441

Targeting the Poor of the Sitios through Adopt-A

Barangay: Basis for University Extension Programs
Juvy G. Mojares1*, George P. Compasivo1 and Teodoro B. Panganiban1
1
Batangas State University, Malvar, Batangas, Philippines.

Authors’ contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author JGM designed the study,
performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and the first draft of the manuscript. Authors
GPC and TBP managed the analyses of the study. Author GPC managed the literature searches.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Article Information

Editor(s):
(1) Dr. Malissa Maria Mahmud, Sunway University, Malaysia.
(2) Dr. Atila Yildirim, Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey.
Reviewers:
(1) Srinivasa Rao Kasisomayajula, Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science,
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapuramu, India.
(2) Lawal Mohammad Anka, Al-Nahda International University, Nigeria.
(3) Jean Marc Nacife, Goiano Federal Institute, Brazil.
Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/56441

Received 25 February 2020

Accepted 03 May 2020
Original Research Article
Published 12 May 2020

ABSTRACT
San Juan is the poorest barangay in Malvar, Batangas, Philippines for having the highest number of
households with income below poverty threshold. San Juan also has the most number of
households with income below food threshold (CBMS 2012). For these reasons, San Juan was
chosen for the Adopt-A Barangay project of BatStateU-Malvar. The 100 respondents are composed
of female adult (67%), youth (15%), male adult (11%) and senior citizen (7%). They were mostly
concentrated in the two sitios of Hiyaw and Balayan. Results of the survey confirmed the Community
Based Monitor System (CBMS) report particularly on education and livelihood. Most of the
respondents are elementary graduates with children in the elementary level. Most of them also are
farmers and vendors with no other income and no other skills. However, most of them also do not
have idea of what skill to have and training to attend to improve their current situation. Two
important issues emerged as basis for intervention of the university. First is the provision of
education for out-of school youth (OSY) to finish high school or of technical- vocational training to
acquire competency needed by the industry. Second is the provision of livelihood trainings for
female adults to start a business even at home.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

*Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected];

 Mojares et al.; AJL2C, 3(3): 1-18, 2020; Article no.AJL2C.56441

Keywords: Adopt-a barangay; intervention; University extension; Philippines.

ABBREVIATIONS situation of its clientele. It is the verbalization of

the HEI’s guarantee to bring about progress and
Barangay : A unit of administration in transformation in the dismal conditions of their
Philippine society consisting of extension stakeholders, for them to profit from
from 50 to 100 families under the promises of fair living standards [9]. As a
a headman function, extension is based on research for
Carinderia : Ready to eat food store/shop extension to be genuine. That is why, Davidson
Kahit ano : Anything will do [10] postulated that extension’s new challenge is
Jueteng : ILLEGAL number game to make extension more inclusive and responsive
Pabrika : Factory to the needs, integrating individual expectations
Sitio : Zone with the wider socio-economic, political, and
Walang trabaho : No means of income geographical environment.
Wala : Nothing
Many state universities and colleges (SUCs) in
1. INTRODUCTION the Philippines have responded to this challenge.
De Lara [11] did a study on the extension
The term extension has evolved as a result of program of Technological University of the
tradition and policy context around the globe. Philippines (TUP) looking into the profile of the
Thus, extension means different concepts in extension program, the implementor and the
different places. However, Baker [1] defines clientele as predictors of extension program
extension as the transfer of technology and effectiveness either in terms of social or
technical information from developers to economic benefits. Similarly, Quimbo [12]
recipients. Indeed, extension aims to help people asserted that effective extension activities tend to
recognize their own problems and work out their improve the standard of living of the people.
own solutions through education [2]. This is Likewise, Fernan (2000, as cited by Quimbo [12]
where higher education institutions (HEIs) come argued that there is a chance to improve their
in, like the University of Nebraska’s urban quality of life once these people are empowered
outreach programs [3]. Then different HEIs and technology is diffused in the community.
recognized extension as one of the three major Prior to this, Alcala [13] asserted that many
functions, as Aniedi & Effiom [4] claimed universities in the Philippines misunderstood
“Universities are mandated to perform three core academic extension as any community service.
functions of teaching, research and extension.
Yet, the term university extension began in
Britain in the 1840s [5] and continued to evolve.
For example, the study of Mojares & Baconguis
[6] extension heads of different HEIS (public and
private) in Batangas described extension as
transfer of knowledge, function of HEIs, a social
responsibility, a means of translating expertise,
and utilization of resources. The Philippines’
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
defined extension as the transfer of knowledge
and technology to specific sectors and target Brgy. San Juan
clienteles [6]. With this definition, CHED Malvar, Batangas
mandated HEIs of the trifold functions. Therefore,
HEI extension is inclined towards the
improvement of the quality of life as its end-goal. Fig. 1. Map showing study location
According to Diem [7] each extension activity
must start with the end, meaning its goal. This is Based on the context of community service,
important because the conduct of HEI extension which is seriously flawed, it is about time for
ought to produce to some definite results which BatState-U to improve the lives of its community
must ultimately change people’s attitudes or members in the ten campuses within the
behavior, or benefit society in other ways. province just like what other SUCs did in
Ponniah et al. [8] claimed that extension services increasing functional literacy and livelihood
must significantly contribute to improving the life training [14,15,16,12]. Thus, Adopt-a Barangay

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Program (Needs Assessment phase) was born were called in the barangay hall for orientation.
as an institutional research aiming to enhance Then, one-on-one survey was held. Three
the delivery of extension services to the respondents at a time were called in the
stakeholders through a comprehensive, high- barangay health office, while others were waiting
impact and research-based program for outside to be called. Each of the authors assisted
sustainable development. the respondents in accomplishing the instrument.
The instrument is divided into four sections:
Malvar Campus has done its part of the program health, education/literacy, livelihood and
in the identified poorest barangay in the environment. These four sections are based on
municipality which is San Juan. It has a the study of Mojares and Baconguis [6] as the
population of about 2,313, with 1,182 males and most common extension programs of HEIs in
1,131 females. It has seven zones (purok); each Batangas. Health section has five variables
is headed by a barangay councilor (kagawad). namely: planting of herbal/medicinal plants,
backyard gardening, use of iodized salt, use of
Most of the respondents of the survey came from family planning, and children’s health
Sitio Hiyaw and Sitio Balayan, the hilly zones of information. Education/literacy has level of
the barangay. Therefore, most of their means of education and type of school. Livelihood
living are based on farming, i.e. vegetable indicates means of income, average weekly
vendor. income, other means of income, preferred
livelihood to start and preferred training to attend.
1.1 Statement of the Problem Lastly, environment tackles on type of comfort
room, source of water, method of waste
This paper determined the behavior of the four management, and material for cooking.
sectors in the barangay towards health,
education/literacy, livelihood, and environment. It Data cleaning, coding and encoding were done
also identified appropriate intervention program by the project team. Data were programmed to
of the university based on the behavior of the BMIS software, after which, analysis was done.
four sectors in the barangay. Terminal report was submitted after four months
in 2015.
2. METHODOLOGY
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Barangay San Juan was chosen as the poorest
barangay in Malvar based on the poverty 3.1 Behavior of the Four Sectors
threshold reported in CBMS of the municipal
government. One hundred poorest of the poor There are 100 respondents with 500 household
respondents in the barangay should be divided members surveyed for this project. Most of the
equally among the four sectors namely: youth, respondents are from sitio Hiyaw and sitio
male adult, female adult and senior citizen. Balayan because the poorest of the barangay
However, male adult, who are busy in the farm or are concentrated in these two sitios. Based on
in the market and senior citizen, who are very the interview, most of them are relatives who
few, turned out to be the least among the came over from Balete, a fifth class municipality
respondents. of Batangas province. It started with a man from
the barangay married a woman from Balete.
The University called for a team of three Then, a relative of the man married also a
members for each of the ten campuses. Malvar relative of the woman, until a single family had
campus received PhP95, 800.00 as budget for grown to be in a compound or group of relatives
the four-month project duration. First, the project living in the same area.
team had courtesy call to the municipal mayor
handing the request letter from the university Of the four sectors surveyed, female adult (67%)
president. Right away, the mayor sent an is the most visible. They are housewives, left at
endorsement letter to the barangay captain. So, home to take care of their children, waiting for
the team also paid a courtesy call to the captain. their husbands to go home after work. They are
With the go signal of the captain and his council visible because they are unemployed. As
members, the researchers identified 100 mentioned by Orbeta and Abrigo [17] the largest
respondents through the assistance of the groups of unemployed are housewives and
Barangay Health Workers (BHW). First batch of student. It is followed by the youth (15%) who, if
the survey, respondents accompanied by BHWs working neither at the farm nor in the market,

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Sectors of the Community

senior
citizen youth
7% 15%
male adult
11%

female adult
67%

Fig. 2. Sectors of the community

stay at home helping their mothers rear young in local healing practices [21]. Abe and Ohtani
siblings and attend to household chores. Next is [21] stated that knowledge on medicinal plants
the male adult (11%) who works for the family. could provide avenues for pharmacological
Last is the senior citizen (7%) who used to be investigations to improve healthcare for a range
women, living with extended family. of ailments. Table 1 presents four herbal
medicine planted by respondents, namely:
3.1.1 Health oregano (Origanum vulgare, lagundi (Vitex
negundo L), sambong (B. balsamafera), and
An equitable health care system is characterized luyang dilaw (turmeric-Curcuma longa Linn).
by equal access to healthcare by all citizens in a Result shows that 84% of the respondents are
country [18]. This healthcare is provided in each not planting herbal plants while 13% is planting
health center of the barangay. In the study oregano. According to the respondents, they are
location, there is one health center located at not planting because they do not own the lot and
Purok 1. Each purok has one barangay BHW in- they are not aware of the significance of the
charged. These BHWs are responsible for herbal medicine. In addition, BHWs are active to
bringing free health services of the government attend to their needs.
to the community members especially to
pregnant mothers and babies. They give free 3.1.1.2 Backyard gardening
family planning seminar for couples and Backyard gardening addresses ongoing
vaccinations for newborn babies. problems related to community health and
household self-sufficiency [22]. Moreover,
3.1.1.1 Herbal medicinal plants students who experienced gardening ate more
fruits and vegetables [23]. Result reveals that
The use of medicinal plants in the Philippines 74% of the respondents do not have backyard
has been recorded even before the 1800s [19]. garden. This is ironic since most of them are
As medicinal plants play a central role in many located in a vast field, mostly involved in farming.
cultures [20], planting of herbal medicinal plants This is because many of the respondents do not
is important because many plant species are vital have their own home lot, they just occupy with

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consent from the owner. In addition, Cameron Philippines has a statistically higher prevalence
and Wright [24] regarded backyard gardening as rate compared to the worldwide prevalence rate,
seemingly small and insignificant work when with predominantly female asthmatic patients.
compared with hundreds of millions of small- Though very minimal, there are also having
scale farmers across the globe. problems with diabetes, prostate, tonsillitis,
arthritis, ulcer and polio.
3.1.1.3 Use of iodized salt
3.1.1.5 Children’s health information
Iodine deficiency still remains an important public
health problem in this country [25]. According to Mothers’ health and well-being are vital for
the study of Kim, et al [25] respondents did not children’s health and nutrition. Thus, women who
appreciate that adequate iodine levels are are literate, well informed and empowered are in
important during pregnancy and for development a better position to care for themselves and their
of children. Result shows that 64% of the children [29]. In addition, mothers as primary
respondents are using iodized salt readily health caregivers have the ability to prevent
available in the market. However, there are children from suffering any form of malnutrition
still 34% who opt not to use since non-iodized because of her caring capacity [30]. For
salt is cheaper than the iodized one. They are children’s health information, Fig. 5 displays that
the ones who cannot afford, and opt to buy other only 16% of the children were dewormed on
food they believe more important than iodized June 2014. Most of the children received BCG,
salt. DPT1, DPT2, DPT3 with 61%, 61%, 56% and
56% respectively. However, 41% of the
3.1.1.4 Use of family planning respondents have no answer for the succeeding
The Philippines has high fertility rates and a low vaccines of OPV1-3. This is because they are
prevalence of modern-method contraception use not sure of their answer.
[26]. That is why, full realization of sexual and On the other hand, hepatitis B (HB) vaccination
reproductive health and rights (SRHR) continues of infants, though incorporated in the Philippines’
to be a challenge [27]. In this variable, since Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)
majority of the respondents are women, they play since 1992, it failed to cover 100% of the
crucial role in family planning. When it comes to population [31]. Thus, HB1-3 and Hib Booster
family planning, it shows that 64% admits using are not provided by the health center. That is
family planning methods. There are 29% not why 70% of the children do not have the
planning and 7% not applicable for the senior vaccines. These vaccines are available only in
citizen. private hospitals and pediatric clinics.
For those into family planning (Fig. 3),
In general, it can be gleaned that children are
the most common is the natural method of
receiving free vaccines as mandated in the
withdrawal (44%). This is followed by the artificial
Expanded Program on Immunization by the
methods of pills (36%) and condom (10%).
Department of Health. This means that children
Based on interview, BHWs have schedules
are enjoying the basic health services of the
of family planning seminars in the health center,
government through the barangay health center.
giving away free pills to mothers.
In general, health is not a risk factor among Malnutrition among Filipino children persists that
respondents as revealed in Fig. 4 since there is at least one in five children were found to be
no communicable disease or epidemic in the underweight for their age [32]. For children’s
barangay. The most common illness is asthma weight, most of the children (57%) usually weigh
(33.3%) followed by hypertension (17%). This from 8.1 – 16 kg, 22% weigh two- eight kilos, and
conforms with the study of [28] that asthma in the 21% weigh 16.1-24 kilos.

Table 1. Planting herbal/medicinal plants

Planting Herbal Plants Frequency Percentage
Oregano 13 13
Lagundi 1 1
Sambong 1 1
Luyang dilaw 1 1
Not Planting Herbal Plants 84 84
Total 100 100

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Family Planning Methods

Condom
10%

Withdrawal
44% Pills
36%

IUD Ligation
5% 5%

Fig. 3. Family planning methods

Common Illnesses

diabetes
polio 9%
9%
asthma
33%
hypertension
17%

prostate ulcer
8% tonsilitis arthritis 8%
8% 8%

Fig. 4. Common illnesses

3.1.2 Education/Literacy elementary undergraduate (below fifth grade)

with 40%. Though free basic education is
Lerner [33] argued that “Literacy is necessary mandated by law, and a basic right of children,
to performing the skills demanded by the many are still deprived because of poverty. It is
modern society and the mass media accelerate followed by high school undergraduate with 26%.
the development of a literate population. This Next is high school graduate with 23%.
means that literacy of the people is one of the
factors contributing to the development of the 3.1.2.2 Type of school
society.
Only 29% is studying, and most of them (58%)
3.1.2.1 Level of education are in public elementary school in the barangay.
High school education is free but only 34% are in
This argument is true for this particular barangay. the nearest public high school either in barangay
Result reveals that 71% of the 500 household San Andres at Don Julio Leviste Memorial
members did not finish studying. Usually they Vocational High School or in the Poblacion at
stop before they graduate in elementary. Fig. 6 Malvar National High School. Data shows the
reveals that the most common educational decreasing survival rate of students from
attainment of those who are no longer studying is elementary to college since only 7.5% is in public

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college either in BatState-U Malvar, PUP Sto. true because unemployment and
Tomas, or Kolehiyo ng Lungsod ng Lipa (KLL). underemployment rates in the Philippines in the
There is one college student (0.5%) in a private 21st century are high [35]. Most of the
college, La Consolacion College Tanauan, economically engaged (32%) are earning a living
because of a scholarship. through selling fruits and vegetables in the
market. It is followed by farming (16%) and
3.1.3 Livelihood sewing (13%).

One of the contemporary assumptions on socio- Based on the figure, it can be inferred that
economic development is human capital theory most of their economic activities are farm- based.
[34]. It recognizes that human resources, in This is expected since the barangay is an
particular literacy rates and education, general agricultural land. They are selling fruits and
health and life expectancy, create conditions for vegetables, some are own harvest but most are
productivity that enable social groups to usually bought from the drop-off point in Tanauan
transform their human capital into greater City.
economic prosperity. In short the more
and better educated a people, the greater the This result is relative to the educational
chances of economic development [34]. This attainment of the respondents. Since most of
theory explains well the livelihood information them are elementary undergraduate,
data. opportunities to get employed in companies are
limited due to the minimum educational
3.1.3.1 Means of income attainment. As elementary undergraduate they
usually end up helping their parents till the land
Livelihood, as any means of earning a living, of to plant vegetables and fruit to be sold in the
the respondents mostly does not require high market. Others, if not engaged in farming
educational attainment as shown in Fig. 7. It can activities, are sewers, drivers, construction
be gleaned that 81% of the respondents are workers, jueteng agent or laundry woman from
economically engaged with 19% jobless. This is one family to another.

Children's Health Information

yes no no answer

21 21 22 22 25 29 35
41 41 41 41
18 18 22 22 61 59 59
25 74 74 74 70
78 20
20
25 25 25 20
6 6 6
61 61 56 56 50 51 45
6 34 34 34 20 20 20 22 33 39 35 35
16
6 6 6 8

Fig. 5. Children’s health information

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Educational Attainment
College Graduate
2%

High School
Undergrad Graduate
Elementary 23%
40%
Undergrad High
School
26%

Elementary
Graduate
9%

Fig. 6. Educational attainment

3.1.3.2 Average weekly income 3.1.3.5 Preferred training to attend

Again, as explained by the Human Capital Providing the youth with access to technical and
Theory, investment in education has a positive life skills is significant to increase their
correlation with economic growth and employability [37]. When respondents were
development. This means that education creates asked on what skills training (Fig. 10) they would
improved citizens and helps to upgrade the like to attend to, 16% wants to acquire skills in
general standard of living in a society [36]. storekeeping. This supports Gozun [37] stating
that harnessing the entrepreneurial propensity of
The case of San Juan is an elaboration of the the youth is integral. Respondents (14%) also
theory. Since most of them have not earned want in enhancing farming skills.
elementary education, data shows that 92% of
the respondents are earning the lowest bracket However, there are also 48% who do not have
from Php0-Php1500 a week. This is evident answer on the skills training to attend and to
since most of them are farmers, vendors and acquire. They need to be redirected on the
sewers. There is only one respondent earning importance of their contribution in the economic
the maximum of Php4501-Php6000 in a week. aspect of the municipality.

3.1.3.3 Other means of income 3.1.4 Environment

Aside from their main source of earning, Fig. 8 Urbanization has greatly impacted the
displays that only 17% has other source of environment [38]. It has created local to global
income. Most of them have extra income as scale environmental problems like increase in air
sewers at home, while 83% reveals that they and water pollution, decrease in water supply,
have no other means of livelihood. That is why insufficient housing and sanitation facilities,
most of them want to have other source of among others [39].
income (Fig. 9).
3.1.4.1 Type of comfort room
3.1.3.4 Preferred livelihood to start
In general, most of the respondents (27%) have
Most of them (30%) like to open a carinderia or a their own close pit and 26% has owned septic
store while others want to engage more in tank. However, it is also important to note that
agriculture. However, there are still 34% who still three percent of the respondents is just
have no answer. They have no idea what throwing away anywhere, and two percent has
business to start with for extra earning. no toilet. This finding supports Davis [40] and

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Neuwirth [41] that 23 percent of the 2.6 billion have to compete with access to clean drinking
people lacking adequate sanitation are usually water. This is because of alternative source of
informal settlers. Thus, wastes that are not water such as deep well.
collected or are disposed of improperly, such as
in open dumpsites, pose a public health threat 3.1.4.3 Method of waste management
[42]. In addition as Mojares [42] suggested,
sanitation programs must be considered by the Though Malvar government has enacted
local government unit (LGU). environmental laws on river protection, solid
waste management, waste segregation, plastic
3.1.4.2 Source of water ban and others [42], Fig. 13 reveals that 33% of
the respondents are still burning their waste,
For the source of water, in general water as a 21% having an open pit, and 13% using burned
basic necessity is not a problem in the and open pit. This means reinforcement in the
community since 47% of the respondents have barangay level must be one of the priorities of
own use of community water and 44% have the barangay captain. Moreover, as stated by
shared community water. This is in contrast with Mojares [42] successful implementation of
Hardoy and Satterthwaite [43] as mentioned by legislative measures depends on the political will
Mojares [38] that people in the urbanizing world of the LGU concerned.

Means of Income BHW

walang trabaho
5%
19%

pabrika
laundry 1%
1%
jueteng vendor
1% 32%

construction farming sewer

5% 16% 13%
driving
7%

Fig. 7. Means of income

sewing dealership laborer driver

83
2
14
10

17

meron wala

Fig. 8. Other means of income

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Preferred Livelihood to Start

wala
34%
carinderia, store
30%

kahit ano farming

8% 14%
sewing
driving 10%
2% cosmetics
2%

Fig. 9. Business they want to open/start

Preferred Training to Attend high speed

sewing
8%
soap making
1%

store keeping
wala 16%
48%

farming
14%

kahit ano
8% cooking
cosmetology 4%
1%

Fig. 10. Respondents preferred skills training

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Type of Comfort Room

none
2%
thrown away
anywhere others
3% (pail system)
13% owned septic
tank
shared 26%
close-pit
13% owned open
pit
12%
shared open-pit
3% owned close-pit
shared septic 27%
tank
1%

Fig. 11. Type of comfort rooms

own use deep shared

well Source of Water deep well
4% 3%
public dug well
2%

own use comm.

shared comm. Water
Water 47%
44%

Fig. 12. Source of water

3.1.4.4 Material for cooking percent of them are using wood for cooking; only
10% is using LPG, 9% wood/LPG. This
Since 92% of the respondents are earning conforms to the WHO saying that three
Php0-500 per week, most of them can not billion people still cook using stoves burning
afford to buy a tank of LPG. Seventy-three wood [44].

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thrown
composting
2%
Waste Management away (ilat)
6%

collected
4%

open pit
21%

burned collected/burned
33% 9% open
pit/burned
13%
collected/burned/ burned/composti
openpit ng
9% 3%

Fig. 13. Method of waste management

Material for Cooking

wood/kerosene kerosene
1% 2%
wood/electric
2% LPG
wood/LPG/charcoal
2% 10%

wood/charcoal
1%
wood/LPG
9%

wood
73%

Fig. 14. Material used for cooking

3.2 Evaluation of Behaviors as Basis for 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDA-

the University Extension Program TION

Based on the data presented, behavior of the Of the four sectors of society, youth and female
youth and female adult would be the basis of the adult are critical in terms of health,
University Extension Program for education and education/literacy and livelihood. Though
livelihood trainings. Since many of the youth are generally the four sectors are not in risk from any
high school undergraduates, many of them are communicable disease, male adult are suffering
not employed in companies requiring higher from asthma, senior citizen from arthritis. In
educational attainment. They end up helping terms of education, most of the youth are high
their parents in the market or farm. The female school undergraduates, most male and female
adult, on the other hand, need to have extra adults are elementary undergraduates. In terms
income to suffice the needs of their families. of livelihood, most of them are vendors earning

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below the minimum. Most of them also do not University: An assessment of junior
have extra income. Yet, most of them do not academic staff participation. Journal of
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issues identified in the barangay: education for Laguna; 2010.
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Rutgers Cooperative Research and
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APPENDIX

Summary of findings and areas of concerns for possible extension programs

A. Socio-economic status Areas of concerns Extension service (s)

1. Majority (92%) of the  Agriculture and  Technology Transfer
household/family are Livelihood  Livelihood / Technical-
earning below Php500 per  Social Services Vocational/Skills Training
week.
2. The number of  Social Services  Skills Training (Basic PC
undergraduate students in  Youth and sports Operations, Basic
the elementary and high development Electronics/Electricity)
school level is alarming.  Livelihood/Technical-
Very few graduated in Vocational/Skills Training
college.
3. Most of the out of school  Social Services  Skills Training (Basic PC
youth in the barangay  Youth and sports Operations, Basic
belong to the elementary development Electronics/Electricity)
and high school level.
4. Majority of the household  Social Services  Livelihood/Agricultural Training

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heads have irregular jobs  Agriculture and for Farmers

and most of their Livelihood
housewives have no job at
all.
5. Farmhand/farming is the  Social Services  Agricultural Training and other
major source of income of  Agriculture and livelihood options for Farmers
the residents. Livelihood
6. Most of the land are used  Social Services  Technical Assistance and
with consent of the owner  Agriculture and Advisory Services / Rural
or relatives. Livelihood Development Planning
 Peace and order
7. Most of the houses are half  Infrastructure  Fund Raising for the
concrete. Community
8. Majority of the respondents  Agriculture and  Agricultural/ Environmental
would like to start other Livelihood Training
livelihood options that
include sari-sari store,
carinderia, farming, sewing,
and cosmetology. They like
also the same kind of
trainings.
B. Environmental sanitation,
health and nutrition
1. There is still 2% who have  Social Services  Outsource linkages from NGOs
no access to sanitary toilet  Infrastructure and GA’s for sponsorship of
and 3% who just throw  Health and Nutrition toilet bowls and construction of
away anywhere. sanitary toilets.
2. Majority of the  Environmental  Training on waste segregation
household/families do not Protection and recycling.
have proper garbage  Training on composting
disposal
3. The most common illness is  Health and Nutrition  Training on first aid
asthma (33%), followed by  Medical Mission
hypertension
C. Agriculture profile
 Majority of the residents are  Agriculture and  Agricultural Training for
engaged in farming, Livelihood Farmers
planting vegetables & fruits.
 Most of them utilized land  Social Services  Technical Assistance and
with consent from the  Infrastructure Advisory for Rural
owner or relatives Development
 Most of their livestock  Agriculture and  Livestock Management
raising include native Livelihood Training
chickens, goats, native
cows, and pigs. While most
of their pets include dogs
and cats
D. Disaster
preparedness/Risk
reduction and adaptation
 There is no available  Infrastructure  Technical Assistance on the
market in the barangay establishment of a cooperative
in the Barangay
 The municipal public market  Infrastructure  Linkages to NGOs and GAs
is physically inaccessible.  Fund Raising for the

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 Mojares et al.; AJL2C, 3(3): 1-18, 2020; Article no.AJL2C.56441

Most of them have no Community Development

money to buy materials
from the market.
 There is an availability of  Infrastructure  Linkages to NGOs and NGAs
drainage, water schemes,
pathways for the barangay  Technical Assistance for Rural
but found to be insufficient. Development
While unavailability for
access road is still a
problem for the community.
 There are very few relief  Agriculture and  Linkages to NGOs and NGAs
and rehabilitation Livelihood  Relief Goods Operation
organizations working in the  Social Services
area which focus on health,  Finance/ways and
food distribution, nutrition, means
crop seedlings, and
financial assistance.
 Only very few are members  Social Services  Technical Assistance
of organizations.  Agriculture and  Linkages to NGOs and NGAs
Livelihood
 The main source of water  Health and Nutrition  Linkages to NGOs and NGAs
appears to be cleaned.  Health and Sanitation Program
Majority of the respondents
do not treat their water and
only few use to boil the
water as their treatment
 Most of the respondents do  Technical Assistance for Food
not have stock of food at Processing
home because they do not  Nursery and Vegetable Garden
money to buy stocks. Establishment
 In terms of assistance, most  Social Services  Linkages to NGOs and NGAs
of the respondents receive  Health and Nutrition  Relief Goods Operations
rice and noodles.
 Majority of the female  Social Services  Counseling on Food and
headed households,  Health and Nutrition Nutrition, Health and
pregnant women, lactating Sanitation, Maternal and Child-
mothers, children, persons care
with disability and the
elderly are being prioritized
for food distribution
 There is an information on  Social Services  Food and Nutrition, Health and
infants that are exclusively  Health and Nutrition Sanitation, Maternal and Child-
breastfed care
 There are few who  Social Services  Linkages to NGOs and NGAs
considered safety and  Health and Nutrition  Medical Mission
security a concern in the  Peace and order  Provide Counseling
community and most of
them are concerning to the
persons with special needs
(i.e., disabilities, single
headed household, single
women)
 Majority of the respondents  Agriculture and  Livelihood / Technical-
agreed that they do not Livelihood Vocational / Skills Training
have problem in terms of  Finance/Means and  Agricultural Capability Training
the place to live in, Ways

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 Mojares et al.; AJL2C, 3(3): 1-18, 2020; Article no.AJL2C.56441

healthcare services.
However, most of their
problems deal with
insufficient income or
resources to live.
 Barangay Health center is  Infrastructure  Linkages to NGOs and NGAs
available in the community  Social Services
and it takes minutes to
reach it if one has to walk.
There is an available
vehicle used as
transportation when one
has to travel to avail the
health service facility.
 There are no healthcare  Social Services  Medical Mission
professionals available in  Health and Nutrition  Maternal and Child-care
the community except for Outreach Program
midwife.
 Only elementary school  Social Services 
Linkages to NGOs and NGAs
building is available in the  Infrastructure 
Fund Raising for Community
barangay that can be used Development
as evacuation centers  Capability Training Program on
during the time of calamities Disaster Preparedness and
Management
_________________________________________________________________________________
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provided the original work is properly cited.

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