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SECTION A

Answer ALL questions in this section.

Write your responses in the spaces provided in this booklet.

Do NOT spend more than 30 minutes on Question 1.

1. An experiment was carried out to determine the number of moles of water of crystallization, n,
that are present in hydrated iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4•nH2O. A sample of the solid was analysed for
its iron(II) sulfate content by titrating it with a standard solution of potassium manganate(VII),
KMnO4.

(a) Define the term ‘standard solution’.

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(1 mark)

(b) A sample of the hydrated iron(II) sulfate was weighed, dissolved in excess sulfuric acid
and made up to the mark with distilled water in a 250 cm3 volumetric flask. The data are
shown in Table 1.

Complete Table 1 by calculating the mass of the hydrated iron(II) sulfate used.

TABLE 1: WEIGHING THE SAMPLE OF HYDRATED IRON(II) SULFATE

Mass of beaker and sample (g) 17.11

Mass of beaker (g) 13.95

Mass of sample (g)

(1 mark)

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(c) Three 25.0 cm3 aliquots of the iron(II) sulfate solution were pipetted into three conical
flasks and titrated with 0.010 mol dm–3 KMnO4 solution. Figure 1 displays the final burette
readings for EACH of the three titrations.
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Figure 1. Final burette readings

(i) Record the final burette volumes from the diagrams in Figure 1 in the appropriate
spaces in Table 2.

TABLE 2: TITRATION OF HYDRATED IRON(II) SULFATE SOLUTION

WITH 0.010 MOL DM–3 POTASSIUM MANGANATE(VII)

Burette Readings (cm3) Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3

Final volume

Initial volume 1.00 2.05 0.15

Volume used
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(3 marks)

(ii) Calculate the volume of KMnO4 solution used in EACH titration and enter them
in Table 2. (3 marks)

(iii) Determine the average volume of KMnO4 solution used in the titrations.

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(1 mark)

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(iv) Calculate the number of moles of KMnO4 in the average volume determined in
(c) (iii).

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(1 mark)

(d) The MnO4– ion reacts with Fe2+ ions to give Mn2+ ions according to the following equation:

MnO4–(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) + 8H+(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + 5Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(l).

(i) As shown in the equation, 1 mole MnO4– reacts with 5 moles of Fe2+. Using the
result in (c) (iv), calculate the number of moles of Fe2+ ions in the 25.0 cm3 aliquot
that reacted with the MnO4–.

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(1 mark)

(ii) Determine the number of moles of Fe2+ in the 250.0 cm3 volumetric flask.

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(1 mark)

(e) Given that 1 mole of FeSO4 contains 1 mole of Fe2+ ions, use the result from (d) (ii) to
calculate the mass of anhydrous FeSO4 in the 250 cm3 volumetric flask.

[The relative molecular mass of anhydrous FeSO4 is 152.]

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(1 mark)

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(f) Calculate the mass of water in the hydrated FeSO4 using the following formula.

Mass of water = mass of hydrated FeSO4 – mass of anhydrous FeSO4

[from (b)] [from (e)]

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(1 mark)

(g) Calculate the number of moles of water in the hydrated sample.

[The relative molecular mass of water is 18.0.]

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(1 mark)
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(h) Using the results from (d) (ii) and (g), calculate the value of n in the formula FeSO4•nH2O.

number of moles of water in hydrated sample

n = ———————————————————
number of moles of anhydrous FeSO4

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(1 mark)

(i) What is the colour change at the endpoint of the titration of iron(II) sulfate with potassium
manganate(VII)?

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(2 marks)
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(j) State ONE reason why there was no need to add an indicator to this titration.

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(1 mark)

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(k) A student carried out the following tests on a pale blue solution of Compound X. Complete
Table 3 by filling in the expected observations.

TABLE 3: TESTS PERFORMED ON COMPOUND X

Test Observation Inference

(i) • Aqueous sodium hydroxide • Fe2+ ions present.

was added dropwise.

• And then in excess. •

(2 marks)

(ii) • The resulting mixture from (i) • Fe2+ ions oxidized to Fe3+.
was left to stand in air.

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(2 marks)

(iii) • Aqueous barium nitrate was • SO42– ions present.

added.

• Followed by dilute nitric •

acid.

(2 marks)

Total 25 marks

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2. (a) Electrolysis has a wide range of industrial applications. Electroplating is one such
application that is commonly used to make metals more attractive.

(i) Define the term ‘electrolysis’.

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(2 marks)

(ii) Define the term ‘electroplating’.

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(2 marks)

(iii) List THREE other applications of electrolysis.

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(3 marks)
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(b) Desiree wanted to set up apparatus in the laboratory for the electrolysis of molten lead
bromide, PbBr2.

(i) Draw a fully labelled diagram of the apparatus she should use and state the material
from which the electrodes are made.

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Material:

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(4 marks)

(ii) Write balanced equations to indicate the reactions which occur at EACH electrode.

Equation at anode: ................................................................................................. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

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Equation at cathode: ..............................................................................................

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(4 marks)

Total 15 marks

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3. Compound A, C4H10, and Compound B, C3H6, are both hydrocarbons.

(a) (i) State whether Compound A is an alkane or alkene.

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(1 mark)

(ii) State ONE use of Compound A.

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(1 mark)

(iii) Compound A reacts with chlorine gas to produce a colourless compound and a
gaseous by-product. State ONE condition that is necessary for this reaction to
take place.

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(1 mark)

(iv) Draw the FULLY DISPLAYED structural formula of the product (colourless
compound) formed when one mole of Compound A reacts with one mole of
chlorine gas.
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Structure of product
(2 marks)

(v) Briefly describe ONE test that can be used to identify the gaseous by-product.

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(1 mark)

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(b) (i) Define the term ‘polymer’.

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(2 marks)

(ii) Compound B undergoes polymerization to form a colourless, hard solid. State

the type of polymerization reaction, the name of the polymer formed, and ONE
possible use for this polymer.

Type of polymerization: ........................................................................................

(1 mark)

Name of polymer: .................................................................................................

(1 mark)

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Use of polymer: .....................................................................................................
(1 mark)

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SECTION B

Answer ALL questions in this section.

Write your responses in the spaces provided in this booklet.

12 13
4. (a) Two isotopes of carbon are C and C. Define the term ‘isotope’ and hence show by
6 6

12 13
calculation that C and C are isotopes.
6 6

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(3 marks)

(b) Radioisotopes are very useful in everyday life. For example, the Uranium-235 isotope is
used in energy generation because it produces large amounts of energy when the atoms
split.

State THREE other uses of radioisotopes.

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(3 marks)

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(c) Elements W and X react together to form a compound. The electronic configurations of
the elements W and X are shown below.

W: 2,7 X: 2,8,2

(i) State the appropriate group and period to which EACH element, W and X, belongs.
Hence, indicate the type of bonding that occurs between W and X and write the
formula of the compound formed.

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(6 marks)

(ii) Suggest whether the resulting compound will dissolve in water. Explain your
answer.

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(3 marks)

Total 15 marks

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5. Ammonia is a raw material used in the manufacture of fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate.

(a) State TWO physical properties of ammonia gas.

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(2 marks)

(b) (i) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus used for the laboratory preparation
of ammonia gas.

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(3 marks)

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place in the laboratory
preparation of ammonia gas.

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(2 marks)

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(iii) Explain why concentrated sulfuric acid, a typical drying agent, CANNOT be used
in this preparation and identify an appropriate alternative drying agent that could
be used.

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(c) Briefly describe a laboratory test for ammonia gas.

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(2 marks)

(d) The excessive use of fertilizers may lead to harmful levels of nitrates in the environment.
List THREE harmful effects of excessive nitrates in the environment.

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(3 marks)

Total 15 marks

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6. (a) State TWO properties of water and explain how EACH property assists in sustaining life
on Earth.

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(4 marks)

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(b) When water passes over rocks made of calcium carbonate, water becomes hard but it can
be softened by several methods.

(i) Write a balanced equation showing how hard water, formed as stated above, can
be softened using sodium carbonate.

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(2 marks)

(ii) Name and describe ONE other method by which water can be softened.

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(c) Describe a method which can be used to distinguish between hard water and soft water
using soap.

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(5 marks)

Total 15 marks
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END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

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