HISTORY 101 • It is from historical sources that our history is studied

The Philippine History (Lesson 1&2) and written.

Primary sources

Meaning and Relevance Primary sources are materials produced by people or groups directly
involved in the event or topic being studied.
• History – the search for knowledge and truth.  These people are either participants or eye witnesses to the event.
• A searching to find out.  Sources from
• An Integrated written narrative or description of past o eyewitness accounts,
events or facts. o diaries,
• Goal – to expose students to different facets or aspects of o letters,
Philippine history. o legal documents,
• Objective – to enable students to understand and appreciate our o official documents (government or private), and
rich past. o even photographs.
Lesson 1: Learning History
8 examples of primary sources
What is history?
1. Photographs that may reflect social conditions of historical realities and
 Is the study of beliefs and desires, practices, and institutions of
everyday life.
human beings.
2. Old sketches and drawings that may indicate the conditions of life of
 It includes a look into the development of the Philippine culture
societies in the past.
through time especially with the influences colonial period that
eventually shape the present Philippine identity. 3.Old maps that may reveal how space and geography were used to emphasize
trade routes, structural building, etc…
The meaning of “History”
4. Cartoons for political expression or propaganda.
• English word history is derived from the Greek noun- istoia means
learning. 5. Material evidence of the prehistoric past like cave drawings, old syllabaries,
and ancient writings.
• Aristotle the Greek philosopher – history means a systematic
account of a set of natural phenomena 6. Statistical tables, graphs, and charts.

> Common definition- History now means “ the past of mankind” 7. Oral history or recordings by electronic means of accounts of eyewitness of
eyewitness or participants, the recordings are then transcribed and
Why study history? used for research.

• Past can tell us a great deal about how we came to be who we are. 8. Published and unpublished primary documents, eyewitness accounts, and
other written sources.
• Past teaches us to see the world through different eyes-
appreciating the diversity of human perceptions, beliefs, and
cultures,
Secondary sources:
• History helps us understand people and societies.
• Gottschalk defines as – the testimony of anyone who is not an
• History offers information about how people and societies behave eyewitness- who was not present at the event of which he tells.
due to the extensive analysis of how society function.
• A second hand information based on the findings of the primary
• History helps us understand change and how the society we live source.
persevere change
• It involves generalization, analysis, synthesis, interpretation, or
• History provides lessons in courage, diligence, or constructive evaluation of the primary source.
protest
• books,
• History provides identity • articles, and
• scholarly journals that had interpreted primary sources or had
• History provides evidence about how nations have interact with used them to discuss certain subjects of history.
other societies Guide questions

1. What is the main distinction between primary source and secondary source?

Guide Questions : 2. Why is primary source important in the study of history?

1. What is History? 3. What is the purpose of a secondary source?

2. What does a historian do?

3. As a student of History, what do you do think will be your “duties”?

4. What role does history take in the study of Philippine society, culture, and
identity?

5. How is history commonly defined according to Gottschalk?

Lesson 2: Understanding sources

• Gottschalk (1950) discusses the importance of sources for the

• Has to use many materials that are not in books.

• He has to depend largely on museums-where there are