CN Lab 2022BCS005

CN-LAB ASSIGNMENT
ROLL NO.- 2022BCS005

NAME- AKSHAT KUMAR NAYAK
OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST(OSPF) PROTOCOL

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol that uses its
own Shortest Path First to determine the optimal path between the source
and the destination router. It is a network layer protocol that operates on
protocol number 89 and uses AD value 110. OSPF uses multicast address
224.0.0.5 for normal communication and 224.0.0.6 for update to designated
router (DR)/Backup Designated Router (BDR). The Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) developed OSPF as one of the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP),
i.e., the protocol which aims at moving the packet within a large autonomous
system or routing domain.
Key terms:
1. Router Id – This is the router's highest-ranking active IP address. The
highest loopback address is considered first. The router's interface's
highest active IP address is taken into account if no loopback is
specified.
2. Router priority – It is an 8-bit value assigned to a router operating
OSPF, used to elect DR and BDR in a broadcast network.
3. Designated Router (DR) – The decision was made to reduce the
amount of newly generated adjacencies. The LSAs are distributed to
every other router by DR. In a broadcast network, where every other
router shares its DBD, DR is chosen. In a broadcast network, DR
responds to a request for an update from the router by providing the
requested information.
4. Backup Designated Router (BDR) – Within a broadcast network, BDR
serves as DR's backup. When DR fails, BDR takes over as DR and
carries out its duties.
5. DR and BDR election – DR and BDR election takes place in the
broadcast network or multi-access network. Here are the criteria for
the election:
 The router having the highest router priority will be
declared as DR.
 If there is a tie in router priority, then the highest router I’d

be considered. First, the highest loopback address is
considered. If no loopback is configured, then the highest
active IP address on the interface of the router is
considered.
USES AND APPLICATION OF OSPF: -

1. ROUTING WITHIN AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS: OSPF is primarily used
within an autonomous system (AS), which is a collection of IP networks
and routers under a common administration sharing a common routing
strategy. OSPF enables routers within an as to exchange routing
information and dynamically adjust to changes in the network topology.
2. EFFICIENT ROUTING: OSPF uses parameters like cost (which is usually
based on link bandwidth) to determine the shortest path between
routers. OSPF guarantees effective IP packet routing, lowering network
congestion and enhancing overall network performance by determining
the shortest path.
3. INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS (ISPS): To control traffic routing between
their numerous points of presence (pops), backbone networks, and
consumer networks, ISPS makes considerable use of OSPF. It enables
ISPS to guarantee high reliability and performance, adjust to changes in
network architecture, and route traffic across their networks efficiently.
4. CAMPUS NETWORKS: Universities, big businesses, and governmental
organizations all use campus networks that use OSPF. It facilitates the
connection of numerous campus buildings, departments, and facilities
while offering dependable and quick traffic routing. Campus networks
can accommodate many network devices and scale efficiently because
to the OSPF hierarchical design.
IMPLEMENTATION USING CISCO:
CONFIGURE THE PC0 AND PC1:
 IP ADDRESS :192.168.1.2
 SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0
 DEFAULT GATEWAY: 192.168.1.1
 IP ADDRESS:192.168.2.2
 SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0
 DEFAULT GATEWAY: 192.168.2.1
Config the router0 and router2:
 IP ADDRESS :192.168.1.1
 SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0
 IP ADDRESS :192.168.2.1
 SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0
Now config the serial port for all routers as shown in figure
Configure the Router0 and create router OSPF 1 and then add network id with
wildcard mask.
Router(config)#router ospf 1
Router(config-router) #network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
wildcard mask.
wildcard mask.

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CN-LAB ASSIGNMENT

ROLL NO.- 2022BCS005

OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST(OSPF) PROTOCOL

 If there is a tie in router priority, then the highest router I’d

USES AND APPLICATION OF OSPF: -

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