PRACTICAL 1

AIM: Loading of data using sql server/excel sheet basically using different ways in power bi (all possible
sources to load data)

Theory:

Power BI is a collection of software services, apps, and connectors that work together to turn your unrelated
sources of data into coherent, visually immersive, and interactive insights. Your data might be an Excel
spreadsheet, or a collection of cloud-based and on-premises hybrid data warehouses. Power BI lets you easily
connect to your data sources, visualize and discover what's important, and share that with anyone or everyone
you want.

There are two main ways to load data into Power BI from Excel sheets, SQL Server, XML files, and CSV files:

1. Import:

Importing data into Power BI creates a copy of the data in your Power BI dataset. This means that any changes
you make to the data in the original source file will not be reflected in your Power BI dataset.

To import data into Power BI:

1. Click Get Data in the lower left corner of the Power BI window.
2. Under Import or Connect to Data, select the appropriate data source.
3. Follow the prompts to connect to the data source and select the data you want to import.
4. Click Load.

From Excel:

1. Click Get Data in the lower left corner of the Power BI window.
2. Under Import or Connect to Data, select Files.
3. Click Get and then Local File.
4. Select the Excel file you want to import and click Open.
5. In the Navigator dialog box, select the tables you want to import and click Load.

From SQL Server:

1. Click Get Data in the lower left corner of the Power BI window.
2. Under Import or Connect to Data, select Databases.
3. Click SQL Server and then Connect.
4. In the Connect to SQL Server Database dialog box, enter the server name, database name, and credentials.
5. Click Connect.
6. In the Navigator dialog box, select the tables you want to import and click Load.
 From CSV files:

1. Click Get Data in the lower left corner of the Power BI window.
2. Under Import or Connect to Data, select Files.
3. Click Get and then Local File.
4. Select the CSV file you want to import and click Open.
5. In the Navigator dialog box, select the tables you want to import and click Load.

PRACTICAL 2

AIM: Perform ETL processes in the power BI to construct databases

THEORY:

The Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL) is a process that extracts, transforms,
and loads data from multiple sources to a data warehouse or a unified data
repository. This centrally collected data, in the repository, makes it easier to analyze further
and handle the data. It also acts as a single point for accurate and consistent data requirements
of teams and businesses.

Businesses use ETL to integrate and migrate data from many databases into a single repository
that has been appropriately organized and certified for analysis. ETL cleanses and organizes
data using a set of business rules to meet business intelligence requirements, such as handling
more complex analytics, enhancing back-end operations, and monthly reporting.

Extract

The extraction stage is the process of pulling or extracting broad data from its original data
source. Using a variety of data connector alternatives, such as Excel, Azure, Microsoft Flow
Databases, or Web Data, users can set up a connection for each data source as per their use.
Transform

The transformation stage may be divided into three discrete steps:

 Data Cleansing: It consists of data organizing processes like filtering rows, splitting
columns, altering data types, and formatting.
 Data Integration: It consists of adding lookup keys, connecting tables, and aggregating
data.
 Data Enrichment: It consists of creating calculated columns and dynamic tables.

Load

The loading stage is the final stage, where the transformed data is sent from the staging area to
the target data warehouse. This step entails an initial load of all data, followed by recurrent
loading of incremental data updates, and, less frequently, complete refreshes to wipe and
replace data in the warehouse.

PRACTICAL 3

AIM: Construct the database in SQL server.

THEORY:

Create a database

1. In Object Explorer, connect to an instance of the SQL Server Database Engine and then expand that
instance.

2. Right-click Databases, and then select New Database.

3. In New Database, enter a database name.

4. To create the database by accepting all default values, select OK; otherwise, continue with the following
optional steps.

5. To change the owner name, select (...) to select another owner.

 6. To change the default values of the primary data and transaction log files, in the Database files grid,
select the appropriate cell and enter the new value. For more information, see Add Data or Log Files to a
Database.

7. To change the collation of the database, select the Options page, and then select a collation from the list.

8. To change the recovery model, select the Options page and select a recovery model from the list.

9. To change database options, select the Options page, and then modify the database options. For a
description of each option, see ALTER DATABASE SET Options (Transact-SQL).

10. To add a new filegroup, select the Filegroups page. Select Add and then enter the values for the
filegroup.

11. To add an extended property to the database, select the Extended Properties page.

a. In the Name column, enter a name for the extended property.

b. In the Value column, enter the extended property text. For example, enter one or more statements that
describe the database.

To create the database, select OK.

PRACTICAL 4

AIM: Excel what if analysis

THEORY:
n Excel, What-if analysis is a process of changing cells' values to see how those changes will affect the
worksheet's outcome. You can use several different sets of values to explore all the different results in one or
more formulas.

What-if Excel is used by almost every data analyst and especially middle to higher management professionals
to make better, faster and more accurate decisions based on data.

What-if analysis is useful in many situations, such as:

o You can propose different budgets based on revenue.

o You can predict the future values based on the given historical values.
o If you expect a certain value due to a formula, you can find different sets of input values that produce
the desired result.