Unit VI Slabs

One way slabs

Effective span: Two-way slabs: ly/lx< 2
S Support: C/C of supports or Clear span + eff. depth whichever is less R Both sides main reinforcement
Continuous: - do - [ if support width < 1/12 && <600 ] V For two way slabs the ratio of 1/d ( 1 < 3.5 m & loading class < 3 kN/m2)
Cantilever: Lc + d/2 [Lc + bsup/2 -> continuous beam] SS-28 ; continuous-32
Loads : IS 875 R
BM Coefficients for continuous beams ans slabs Kl Middle strip = 0.75 x width
WdxL2/12+ WdxL2/16+ Edge strips : provide min tension reinforcement
WlxL2/10 WlxL2/12-» ^ P Two way slabsa re designed by Pigeaurd or Wester-guard 's theory, in LSD it
W h L2/10+ W( > L2/12+ r may be by Johansen's yield line theory.
W X .2/9 Wl X L2/9-» a
SF Coefficients for continuous beams s
3> a
0.4Wd 0.6Wd+ 0.55Wd O.SWd d
0.45WI 0.65WI 0.6WI 0.6WI- •
Limits for vertical defi e ction : I/d < C kb kc k d ke Detaining of Reinforcement: 50% ->> 0.301

C = 7 for cantilever, 20 for SS,and26 for Continuous !> 0.151

Kl
Modification factors depends on:
If spans > 10m, kb = 10/span D
kc depends on stress in tension reinforcement [=1 for balanced Fe415 ] Kl
kd depends on % Asc [ may be up to 1.5 for 3% ]
C ; < 0.251
ke depends on bw/bf [ may be up to 0.7 for bw/bf-> 0]
Curtailment of tension reinforcement: E
i) Extended up to LO beyond theoretical cut-off
ii) Shear at cut -off < 2/3 TC N Torsion rein (corners held down): lx/5 in 4 layers with each layer 75% Ast +
iii) In SS beams at least 1/3 +ve moment reinforcement extended along the
same face into support to a length of Id/3 (1 /4 ast in continuous) a No torsional reinforcement if it it is continuous both sides ( Half the reint if it
iii) For -ve moment reint. at least 1/3 -ve reint extended by Lo or 1/16 is continuous on only one side)
g In SS Two way slabs 50 % Ast + extended to support and remaining extended
Nominal cover may be reduced by 5 mm if <J> < 12 mm
Max spacing: P within Ix/lOor ly/10
i) main steel 3d or 300 ii) dist steel 5d or 450 u
Min area of tensile reint = (0.85/fy) bd [ for Fe 415 ^ 0.205% ] r Initial proportioning of SLABS: , S S , d = l / 2 6 ; Cantilever d = 1/12
Min area of steel in slabs = 0.0012 bD
Continuous , d = 1/32 ; Two way slabs, d = 1/40

l|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur

Question 1; Design a one way slab for a clear span of 2.5 m with 230 R 8. Shear for Shear
mm support width. The slab carries live load of 2.0 kN/m2. Finishes Shear stress, TV = Vu/bd = 9,680/( 1 000x8 1 ) = 0. 1 2 N/mm2
V Percentage of steel, p = 100 Ast/bd = 100x226.8 /(1 000x81)= 0.28%
are 0.5 kN/m2. Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel. Draw neat
reinforcement sketch. R 0.25% - 0.36
0.50% -0.48
K
Solution : TC = 0.28% -> 1.3{ 0.36 +(0.12/0.25)x0.03 }=0.487 N/mm2.
1 . Assumption of dimensions: d * l/20k « (2500+1 00)/( 20x 1 .6) = 8 1 TV < TC -
P 9. Check for deflection: 1/d < 20 k
Sayd = 81 a n d D = 81 +15 + 8/2= 100mm
2. Effective span r k =1.5 -> 20k = 30
c/c of supports = 2.5+0.23 = 2.73 m a 1/d = 258 1/8 1 = 3 1 .86 > 30 ; hence unsafe
Clear span + d = Lc + d = 2.5 + 0.081 =2.581 m Required depth, d = 2581/30 = 86 mm
Effective span = 2. 581 m s D = 86 + 19 =105 mm.
3. Loading: Designing for unit width a 10. Check bond
Selfwt = (lxlx0.10)25=2.5 kN/m2 Development length, Id = (j>(0.87fy)/4Tbd = #0.87x4 15)/(4x 1.6x1. 2)
Finishes = 0.5 kN/m2 d
Superimposed load = 2. 0 kN/m2 Ld/3 = 376/3 = 125 mm > 230 mm
Total , w= 5 kN/m2 Flexural bond: Ld < 1.3 Ml/V + LO. Assuming the ends of reinforcement
Design load, wu = 1.5 x 5 = 7.5 kN/m2s 7.5 kN/m are not confined by compressive reaction. Ld < Ml/V + LO
4. Calculation of BM & SF K Bent up alternate bars @ < 0. 1 5 I from support
Max BM , Mu = wu x !2/8 - 7.5x 2.5812/8= 6.245 kNm / m Ml * Mu/2 =6.245/2 = 3.1225 kNm
Max SF, Vu = wu x I/ 2 = 7.5 x 2.581/ 2 = 9.68 kN / m
D
LO = 1 2(|> or d (greater) 1 2<(> = 96 or 86 ; LO = 96
5. Computation of effective depth, d =V(M/Qb) =V(6.245xl06/2.76xlOOO) K LO-3.1225xl06/9.68xl03 + 96=418»376 Safe
= 48 mm <81 mm Safe C
[MR = C x jd = 0.36 fck b xc x (d-0.42 xc) = 0.138fck bd 2 ] . Reinforcement Detailing
f • c 0.5 /eft -
E
6. Area of reinforcement, Ast = 1- il —
/y [ ^ fckbd2
N r~ ~1
10
1- 1-
4.6 x 6.245 xlO6
1000x81 = 226.8mm2 a n O\10 0 O O O O O / O 0
415 20 x 1000 x 812
t *
Min Ast in slabs in either direction =0.0012 bD (26.5.2) g
u 2 581 m
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 81 = 97.2 mm2 P 2 C
Try 8 mm <J>, spacing =1000 x 50.25 / 226.8 =221 c/c-> provide @200 mmc/ u
Max spacing = 3 x 81 = 243 or 300 mm OK
7. Distribution Steel r
Provide nominal reinforcement OfO. 12% GCA = 97.2 mm2
Try 6mm4>, spacing = 1000 x 28.25 /97.2 =293 c/c -> provide @ 250 c/c
Max spacing : 5 x 81 -405 or 450 mm OK

2|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur

Question 2: Design a one way slab for car porch having a clear span R 8. Check for Shear
of 4 m with 250 mm support width. The slab carries live load of 3.0 Shear stress, TV = Vu/bd = 24,800/( 1000x140) = 0.18 N/mm2
V < k 0.28 MPa
kN/m2. Finishes are 1.0 kN/m2. Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415
steel. Draw neat reinforcement sketch. R Safe
9. Check for deflection: 1/d < 20 k
M p = 100 x 555/1000/140 = 0.4%
Solution :
1. Assumption of dimensions: d * l/20k = 4100/( 20x1.5) * 136.6 k =1.35-> 20k = 27
Say d = 140 and D = 140 +20 = 160 mm
P 1/d = 4140/140 = 29.6 > 27; hence unsafe
2. Effective span r Required depth, d = 4140 / 27 = 153.3 mm
c/c of supports = 4.0+0.25 = 4.253 m 0=155 + 20= 175mm.
a 10. Check bond
Clear span + d = Lc + d = 4 + 0.14 = 4.14m
Effective span -4. 14 m s Development length, Id = <|>(0.87ry)/4Tbd = <}>(0.87x415)/(4xl.6xl.2)
3. Loading: Designing for unit width a = 47<|> = 47x10 = 470 mm
Self wt = (IxlxO. 16)25=4.0 kN/m2 Ld/3 = 470/3 = 157 mm > 250 mm
Finishes = 1 .0 kN/m2 d Flexural bond:
Superimposed load = 3. 0 kN/m2 Assuming the ends of reinforcement are not confined by compressive
Total , w= 8 kN/m2 reaction. Ld < Ml/V + LO
Design load, wu = 1 . 5 x 8 = 12 kN/m2 = 12 kN/m Bent up alternate bars @ < 0.15 I from support
4. Calculation of BM & SF Kl Ml « Mu/2 =25.7 /2 = 12.85 kNm
Max BM , Mu = wu x !2/8 = 12x 4.142/8= 25.7 kNm / m LO = 12<t> or d (greater) 12<|> = 120 or 155 ; LO = 155
D Ml/V + LO=12.85xl0 6 /24.8xl0 3 + 155=673 > 470 Safe
Max SF, Vu = wu x I/ 2 = 12 x 4.14/ 2 = 24.8 kN / m
5. Computation of effective depth, d =V(M/Qb) =V(25.7xl0 6 /2.76xlOOO) Kl
= 96.5mm< 140mm Safe [Q = 0.138 fck for Fe 415] 11. Reinforcement Detailing
C

~\1
f . e 4.6 Mu ,
6. Area of reinforcement, Ast = 1— 1 bd
fy [ d2- E
ro n
10 4.6x25.7xl0 6 N n o o o o n n o / /*
o Q
1- 1- 1000x140 = 555mm2
415 20 x 1000 x 1402 Ai 4
a
Min Ast in slabs in either direction =0.0012 bD (26.5.2) sj
"> SSI m
= 0.0012 x 1000 x 140 = 168 mm2 g
Try 10 mm <t>, spacing =1000 x 78.5 / 555 =141 c/c-» provide @125mmc/c P
b'2 d /2

Max spacing = 3 x 140 or 300 mm OK u

7. Distribution Steel
Provide nominal reinforcement Of 0.12% GCA = 168 mm2 r
Try 6mm<f), spacing = 1000 x 28.25 /168 =168.2 c/c -> provide @ 150 c/c
Max spacing : 5 x 140 or 450 mm OK

3|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K College of Engineering, Nagpur

Question 3: Design a chajja having a clear projection of 1. 2 m from R 9. Check for Shear
the 230 mm lintel of a window. Use M 20 and Fe415 Shear stress, TV = 9,370/(1000xl20) = 0.08 N/mm2 < k 0.28 MPa OK
V 10. Check for deflection: I/d < 20 k
Solution : R p = 100x145.9/1000/120 = 0.12%-> k=2-»7k=!4
1. Assumption of dimensions: d « l / 7 k = (1200+115)/( 7x1.5) « 114 l/d= 1315/120= 11 « 14; hence Safe
K
Say d = 120 and D = 140 mm
2. Effective span 11. Check bond
le = Clear span + d = Lc + S/2 = 1.2 + 0.23/2 = 1.315 m [ * Lc + d/2 ]
P i) Anchorage bond:
r Development length, Id = <|)(0.87fy)/4Tbd = $(0.87x415)/(4x 1.6x1.2)
3. Loading: Designing for unit width = 47<j) = 47x8 = 376 mm < 230 mm
a Provide 376 -{230 + 100) = 50 mm as shown
Selfwt = (lxlx0.14)25=3.5 kN/m2
Assume Finishes = 0.5 kN/m2 s ii) Flexural bond:
Superimposed load = 0. 75 kN/m2 [ Minimum ] a Assuming the ends of reinforcement are confined by compressive reaction.
Total, w= 4.75 kN/m2 Ld< 1.3M1/V + LO
Design/factored/.ultimate load, wu = 1.5 x 4.75 = 7.125 kN/m2 d Ml *Mu=6.16kNm
LO = 12<J> or d (greater) 12<j> = 96 or 120 ; LO = 120
4. Calculation of B M & S F M1/V + LO=1.3 {6.16xl0 6 /9.37xl0 3 } + 120=974 > 376 Safe
M a x B M , M u = w u x l 2 / 2 = 7.125x 1.3152/2=6.16 kNm / m
MaxSF, Vu = w u x l / = 7.125 x 1.315 = 9.37 kN / m KJ 12. Reinforcement Detailing
5. Computation of effective depth, d =V(M/Qb) =V(6.16x] 0*72.76x1000)
= 47.2 mm <« 120 mm Safe [Deflection]
D
REDUCE depth at free end to 80 mm H
6. Area of reinforcement, Ast =
0.5 fck
i- n- fck4.6 bMud bd C
fy 2
E
10 k6x6.16x!0 6
1000x120 = 145.9mm2
415 20 x 1000x 1202 N
Min Ast in slabs in either direction = 0.0012x1000 x 140 = 168 mm2 a
Try 8 mm $, spacing =1000 x 50.25 /145.9 =344 c/c-> provide @250mmc/c
Max spacing = 3 x 140 or 300 mm OK g
P
7. Curtail alternate bar @ .71 from free end u
0.7(1350)-120 = 825 mm say 800 mm

8. Distribution Steel
Provide nominal reinforcement OfO. 12%GCA = 168 mm2
Try 6mm<t). spacing = 1000 x 28.25/168 =168.2 c/c -> provide® 150 c/c
Max spacing : 5 x 140 or 450 mm OK
4|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur
Question 4: Design main reinl"orcement for a continuous slab for the R Astmin# =0.0012 x 1000 x 100=120 mm2
following data: No of spans - 3; Each span length is 3.5 m c/c
V 10 4.6xl0.872xl0 6
Live load 3 kN/m2. M-20 & Fe-500. Detail the reinforcement A?t-+ — 1 1 mnni-mn — T?° i
R Ast 415 1 J 1 20 x 1000 x 1002 100°A 10° 3"'}
Solution : K Try 8 mm fy, spacing =1000 x 50.25 / 322.9 =1 55 c/c-» provide @150mmc/c
1. Assumption of dimensions: d al/26k= 3500/(26xl. 5)* 89 t Max spacing = 3 x 140 or 300 mm OK
Say d - 100 and D - 120
2. Effective span P 1-t- 10 i /i 4 - 6xl2 ' 556xl ° 6 1000-100 i^c
Ast 415 l V 20X1000X100 2 1 U U U A 1 U U *n^
le - Lc + d ( Lc not known) { Assuming, bsup = 1/12} r Providing at the same spacing as that of +ve reinforcement, such that
i
3. Loading: Designing for unit width a alternate bar of mid soan reinforcement can be bent nun
Asf ve bal = 377.5 - 322.9/2 = 216.05 mm2
Selfwt = (lxlx0.12)25=3.0 kN/m2 s Spacing of extra tops = 2 x 1 50 = 300 mm c/c
Assume a nominal finish = 0.5 kN/m2 a Dia of extra top required: 300 =1000 x ast / 216.05
Superimposed load = 3 . 0 kN/m2
d ast = 64.96 ->• (|>=10mm ' ~
Factored DL, wd =1.5(3+().5) = 5.25 kN/m 2 = 5.25 kN/m
Factored LL, wL = 1.5 x 3 == 4.5 kN/m 2 = 4.5 kN/m *-' *" .. ••? '
7. Distribution Steel
4. Calculation of maximum B1V [ 1 = 3.5 m ]
End Span Intermediate span Trv 6mmA snarino — IHrtO \8 9*5 /IfiX — 91S r/r —v nmvi'Hp fa) 700 r/r
Mid-span—> wd / 2 /12 - K Max spacing : 5 x 140 or 450 mm OK
Sagging +Ve 5.25 / 2 /12 + 4.5/ 2 /10 5.25/2/16 + 4.5 / 2 /12 8. Reinforcement Detailing
10.872 kNm 8.613 kNm D
Support-* wd I 2 / 10 + wl / 2 /9 K
\O\J L\ 1 O/O «A M O~
hogging -Ve 5.25 / 2 /10 + 4.5/ 2 /9 5.25 /2/12 + 4.5 / 2 /9 C n \ n o o / o o V > n o / O n n o n
12.556 kNm 11. 484 kNm
E <b.i5|i ^Q^ll4 A

~T^K613 N
3^2l^-^^12 55S/7 \\4
L a
g i ' ' '
i \ \ \ /
T i Jt * *

P
^
5. Computation of effective depth. d =V(M/Qb =V(12.556xl0 6 /2.76xlOOO) u
o / mm < l uu mm a afe i i i i
r
0.5 fck L 1. 4.6MU 1 . .
6. Area of reinforcement, Ast
ry I1 ^ , rt »H M 1 ' .
** Providing Reinforcement for a Hogging BM of 12.556 kNm & a Sagging »
Moment of 10.872 kNm in all the spans

5|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur

Question 5: : R i) Reinforcement in the middle strip
Design a Slab panel using M-20 & Fe 500 over a 4.2 x 5m hall Ast Shorter span, Ix = 4.3m Longer span, ly =5. 1m
supported on 230 mm thick walls all around. It carries a superimposed
V Midspan Ast =251 mm2 Ast=196mm2
load of 3.25kN/m2 and floor finish of 0.75 kN/m2. Assume two R Sagging Provide 8 mm(j> Provide 8 mm<J)
adjacent edges of slab are continuous. Sketch the reinforcement details +VeBM Spacing =1000x507251 =199 Spacing = 1000x507196=255
K
Provide 8<|> @ 175c7c Provide 8<j> @ 225 c7c
Solution : Support Ast =342 mm2 Ast =268 mm2d
P hogging Ast,bal = 342-25172 =217 mm2 Ast,bal = 268-19672 =170 mm2
1. Assumption of dimensions: d * l/32k = (4200+100)/( 32x1.5) « 89
Say d = 100 and D = 120 r -VeBM Spacing, 350 - 1000xast/217 Spacing, 450 = 1000xast7170
2. Effective span a ast =76-»10<t> Extra tops ast =77-^10(j) Extra tops
Effective shorter span, Ix = Lc + d = 4.2+0.1 = 4.3m d for calculation of Ast in the longer span may be taken as 100 - 8 = 92 mm
Effective longer span, ly = Lc + d = 5+0.1 = 5.1m s ii) Reinforcement in the Edge strip:
ly/lx = 5.1 74.3 = 1.186 < 2 Two way slab a Spacing of 8 mm<t> = 1000 x 50 7120 = 416 mm c7c (Max spacing = 3d 7 300)
Provide 8<f> @ 300 c7c
3. Loading: Designing for unit width d Bent up alternate bar and Provide extra tops of 8<j> @ 600 c7c "" ," • -
Self wt = (1x1x0.12)25=3.0 kN7m2
Floor finish = 0.75 kN7m2 7. Torsional Reinforcement:
Superimposed load = 3.25 kN/m2 Provide at top and bottom of the corners in both directions, where the slab is
Total service 7 working load = 7 kN7m2 K simply supported up to a length of-> Ix 7 5 = 4.375 = 0.86 say 0.9m
Factored load, wu = 1.5 (7) = 10.5 kN7m2 « 10.5 kN7m Ast tor in each layer = 0.75 x Ast-max+ve = 0.75 x 251 =188 > 120
D
Spacing of 8<|> -> 1000 x50 7 188 =265 say 225 c7c (as, L = 900mm)
4. Calculation of maximum BM K For 50 % Reint. provide at 2 x 265 = 530 c7c provide @ 300c7c
ly/lx=1.186 Shorter span, Ix = 4.3m Longer span, ly =5. 1 m 8. Reinforcement Detailing
C
Midspan a w Ix2 a. w Ix2 — Torsional reinforcement
Sagging a = 0.04 + (0.005/0.1)0.086 0.035 x 10.5 x 4.32 E
+VeBM 0.0443 x 10.5 x 4.32 6.795 kNm 100 % 50% 50 %
8.6 kNm N Two adjacent
Support a w Ix2 a w Ix2 a edges of slab
hogging a = 0.053 + (0.007/0.1)0.086 0.047 x 10.5 X4.3 2 are continuous
-VeBM 0.059 x 10.5 X4.3 2 5.25/2/12 + 4.5 / 2 /9 g
11. 455 kNm 9. 125 kNm P
50% 0%
u 0%

5. Computation of effective depth, d =V(M7Qb) =V(11.455x10 6 72.76x 1000)

= 64 mm < 100 mm Safe
0.5 fck , ,, 4.6 Mu -
(S. Area of reinforcement, Ast = 1- 1 bd
fy fck b d2
A s t m i n = 0.0012 x 1000 \= 120 mm2
6|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur
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Winter 14
OR
OR Q(12) [ 14M ]: Design a RCC slab for a room measuring 4m x6m. The
Q(12)[13MJ: slab is simply supported on all the four edges with corners held down. It
carries a super imposed load of inclusive of floor finishes etc. Use M20
concrete and Fe 415 steel. 2 m /N6000

Summer 15
Q (11) [ 13M ]: Design a cantilever slab projecting 1.5m from the face Winter 16
of column. It carries a live load of 1.5 kN m2 and floor finish of 0.5kN 0 (11) [ I4M ]: Design a simply supported one-way slab over a clear
m . Adopt M-20 concrete & Fe-415 steel. Sketch the reinforcement span of 3.5m. It carries a live load of 4kN m2 and floor finish of 2
details. 1.5kN m . The width of supporting wall is 230mm. Adopt M-20
OR concrete & Fe-415 steel.
Q (12) [ 13M ]: Design a Slab panel for a hall size 4m X 5.5m OR
supported on 230 mm thick wall all around. The slab carries Q (12) [ 14M ] : Design a R. C Slab for a room measuring 6.5m X 5m. '
superimposed load of 2.5kN m2 with floor finish of 0.75 kN/m2. Use The slab is cast monolithically over the beams with corners held down.
M-20 concrete and Fe-500 Steel. Assume two adjacent edges of slab The width of the supporting beam is 230 mm. The slab carries
are continuous. Sketch the reinforcement details. superimposed load of 4.5kN m2 . use M-20 concrete and Fe-500 Steel. ;

Winter 15 Summer 17
Q (11) [ 14M ]: Design a one way slab for a clear span of 4 m with Q (11) [ 13M ]: Design main reinforcement for a continuous slab for the
300 mm bearing. The slab carries live load of 3.5 kN/m2. Use M 20 following data:
grade concrete and Fe 415 steel. Draw neat reinforcement sketch. No of spans = 3; Each span length is 3.5 m c/c
OR Live load 3 kN/m2. M-20 concrete and Fe-500 Steel'"
Q (12) [ 14M ]: Design a R.C. slab fora room measuring 6.5mX 5m c/c. Sketch the reinforcement details.
The slab is to be cast monolithically over the beams with corners held OR
down. The width of the supporting beams is 250 mm. The slab carriers Q (12) [ 13M ] : Design a R. C Slab for a room measuring 3m X 4m.
superimposed load 3.5 kN/mi. Use M 20 grade concrete and Fe 415 The corners of slab are held down. The slab carries superimposed load
steel. of 4.5kN m2 . use M-20 concrete and Fe-500 Steel.
Draw neat reinforcement sketch.

Summer 16 *
Q (11) [ 14M ] : A simply supported slab of a corridor of a hospital
building has a clear span 2.5m and is supported on beams 230 mm width.
Design the slab carrying live load of 3 kN/rmand floor furnish load I
kN/m2. Use M20 concrete and MXSD Fe 415 steel *

8|Page R V R K Prasad, K D K C o l l e g e of Engineering, Nagpur