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DENSITY MEASUREMENTS
LABORATORY REPORT No. 2

Prepared By:
GROUP 9
GUDOY, BENEDICT L.
BUGAOISAN, NEMALYN
DE GUZMAN, LOVLY VALERIE D.
LIPSOT, DAN LENARD C.

ENGR. RALPH LAWRENCE R. QUEDDENG

INSTRUCTOR

DATE: September 13, 2023

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I. INTRODUCTION

Measurement is the method of relating numbers with physical quantities

and phenomena which is fundamental to the sciences and plays a vital role in

everyday life. In addition, measurements can be made using only human senses

which are often called estimates, but more frequently, instruments are used, which

range in complexity from the basic rules of measuring length to the complex

systems built to measure things that are completely beyond the capabilities of

human senses (Britannica, 2023).

Density is a kind of measurement that measures how much mass is in a

given space or it is the ratio between the mass per unit volume (Jones, 2023).

Furthermore, the density of a substance remains the same regardless of how much

of that substance is present since it is a ratio (Day & Carpi, 2013). When

measuring the density of an object, it is important to know that the formula of

density (which is denoted by the Greek letter “rho” or ρ) is mass over unit

mass
volume, thus ρ= (“Unit of Density”, 2016). In getting the density of
volume

regular objects (objects with definite shape), such as cylinder, cube, rectangular

prism, etc., one must simply get the mass of the object with the use of a weighing

scale and get the volume of the object through the use of length measurements

and formulas (example is the formula of the volume of a cube which is length ×

width × height). However, in getting the volume of irregular objects (objects with

no definite shape), the easiest way to get their volume is using the water
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displacement method, which is done by putting an initial amount of water in a

graduated cylinder and measuring how much water is displaced when the object is

put inside (“Demo Video: Measuring the Density of a Regular and an Irregular

Object”, 2019). Density is a part of our daily life, and it plays a significant role

without us knowing. Such importance of density is when it comes to the buoyancy

of objects which states that an object will float if it is less dense than the fluid it is

placed in and will sink if it is denser than the fluid (Johnson, 2020).

II. OBJECTIVES

1. To become familiar with the different kinds of measurements needed in the

Chemistry laboratory.

2. To learn how to collect data quantitatively and how to interpret errors using

quantitative results/observations.

3. To determine the densities of some substances.

III. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

- Blocks of wood (3) - 50-ml. Beakers (4)

- Mossy zinc (3 pcs.) - 50-mL Graduated cylinder

- Weighing balance - 10-mL Pipet Aspirator

- Calculator - Ruler
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IV. PROCEDURES

A. Density of Regular Solids

Obtain three regular solids of different shapes. Obtain their masses and

dimensions (in cm). Determine the density of each of the three solids.

Tabulate data and results.

Do you agree if other groups report their measurements up to three

decimal places using the ruler? Why?

Do different objects of the same volume always have the same density?

Explain your answer.

B. Density of Irregular Solids

Get the mass of two pieces of mossy zinc metal. Fill a 50-mL

graduated cylinder partly with water and place your sample. The solid will

displace a volume of liquid equal to its volume. Thus, by noting the

position of the meniscus before and after addition of the solids, the volume

can be deduced.

Repeat the procedure using three pieces of mossy zinc.

Based on your results, would you consider density as an intensive

or extensive property? Give your reasons.

Will there be a change in the density of the substance if it is of

different shape? Why?

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C. Density of Water

Get the masses of 4 clean and dry 50-mL beakers one by one. Using a 10-

mL pipet, transfer 10.00 mL of distilled water into each pre- weighed dry

beakers. Weigh the 4 beakers with water individually and record the masses.

Determine the density of water for each beaker. Complete the table provided

in the report sheet and compute the % error and % precision.

V. DATA GATHERING

Table 1. Data gathered on the Density of Regular Solids

TRIALS
Solid 1 Solid 2 Solid 3
Shape Cylinder Rectangular Prism Cube
Mass 42.1 g 70.5 g 72 g
Length 9.9 cm 5 cm
Width 5 cm 5 cm
Height 2.5 cm 2.5 cm 5 cm
Radius 3.25 cm
3 3 3
Volume 82.9 cm 123.75 cm 125 cm
g g g
0.5075 3 0.5697 3 0.576 3
Density cm cm cm
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Table 2. Data gathered on the Density of Irregular Solids

Two Pieces of Mossy Three Pieces of

Zinc Metal Mossy Zinc Metal
Mass of Solids 6.2 g 5.3 g
Volume of liquid
in cylinder before 40 mL 40 mL
addition of solids
Volume of liquid
in cylinder after 42 mL 41.8 mL
addition of solids
Volume of Solids 2 mL 1.8 mL
g g
3.1 2.9444
Density mL mL

Table 3.
Data Mass of gathered on
Mass of Mass of
the Beaker No. beaker and Density of
dry beaker water
Water water
1 33.5 g 44.5 g 11 g
2 30 g 39.7 g 9.7 g
3 31 g 40.2 g 9.2 g
4 31 g 40.1 g 9.1 g

Table 4. Data gathered on the Density of Water and their deviation from the
mean
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Density of Deviation
Beaker No.
water from the mean
g
1 1.1 0.125
mL
g
2 0.97 0.005
mL
g
3 0.92 0.055
mL
g
4 0.91 0.065
mL
g
Total 3.9 0.250
mL
g
Mean 0.975 0.0625
mL
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VI. CONCLUSION

In the light of the findings, the researchers discovered the different kinds

of measurements that are significant in the chemistry laboratory. One kind of

measurement that was discovered is the density of substances, which is the

amount of matter within a given space. In addition, the researchers observed that

volume and mass are factors that affect the density of an object. Moreover,

density is unaffected no matter the shape of the substance and it will remain the

same if the mass and volume remain the same. In addition, the researchers also

learned to collect data quantitatively by obtaining data on the density of regular

objects, data on the density of irregular objects, and data on the density of water.

Also, the researchers were able to interpret errors using quantitative results by

finding the percent error and percent precision on getting the density of water.

Furthermore, the researchers were also able to determine that water is denser than

wooden blocks but is less dense than mossy zinc. In conclusion, this experiment

was able to offer the students a better understanding of laboratory procedures and

techniques, data gathering, error analysis, and the proper way of experimentation

which are significant for students in their future research studies.

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VII. QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1. Do you agree if other groups report their measurements up to three

decimal places using the ruler? Why? (Part A)

- The researchers don’t agree that the other groups reported their

measurements up to three decimal places because the ruler only measures up

to one decimal place.

2. Do different objects of the same volume always have the same density?

Explain your answer. (Part A)

- Different objects of the same volume don’t always mean that they have the

same density because density is equal to mass per volume, which means two

objects won’t have the same density if they have the same volume but don’t

have the same mass or vice versa.

3. Based on your results, would you consider density as an intensive or

extensive property? Give your reason. (Part B)

- Based on the results of the researchers, density is an intensive property since

the amount of zinc changes, but its density does not.

4. Will there be a change in the density of the substance if it of different

shape? Why? (Part B)

- Density will not change if it is of different shapes. As proof, each of the

mossy zinc pieces has unique shapes, but all have the same density.
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VIII. CALCULATIONS

A. Density of Regular Solids

Given: m=72 g
3
v=125 cm
Given: s = 5 cm ρcube =?
V cube =?

3
V cube =s m
3 ρcube =
V cube =( 5 cm ) v
V cube =125 cm
3 72 g
ρcube = 3
125 cm
g
ρcube =0.576 3
cm
Given: m=42.1 g
Given: r = 3.25 cm 3
h = 2.5 cm v=82.96 cm
V cylinder =? ρcylinder =?

2
V cylinder =π r h
m
2
V cylinder =π ( 3.25 cm ) (2.5 cm) ρcylinder =
v
3
V cylinder =82.96 cm 42.1 g
ρcylinder = 3
82.96 cm
g
ρcylinder =0.5075 3
cm
Given: l = 9.9 cm Given: m=70.5 g
3
w = 5 cm v=123.75 cm
h = 2.5 ρrectangular prism=?
V rectangular prism=?

V rectangular prism=lw h m
ρrectangular prism=
V rectangular prism=(9.9 cm)(5 cm)(2.5 cm) v
V rectangular prism=123.75 cm
3 70.5 g
ρrectangular prism= 3
123.75 cm
g
ρrectangular prism=0.5697 3
cm
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B. Density of Irregular Solids

Given: m=6.2 g Given: m=5.3 g

v=2 mL v=1.8 mL
ρ2 pieces of zinc =? ρ3 pieces of zinc =?

m m
ρ2 pieces of zinc = ρ3 pieces of zinc =
v v
6.2 g 5.3 g
ρ2 pieces of zinc = ρ3 pieces of zinc =
2 mL 1.8 mL
g g
ρ2 pieces of zinc =3.1 ρ3 pieces of zinc =2.9444
mL mL

C. Density of Water

Given: m=11 g Given: m=9.7 g

v=10 mL v=10 mL
ρbeaker ¿ 1 ¿=? ρbeaker ¿ 2 ¿=?

m m
ρbeaker ¿ 1 ¿= ρbeaker ¿ 2 ¿=
v v
11 g 9.7 g
ρbeaker ¿ 1 ¿= ρbeaker ¿ 2 ¿=
10 mL 10 mL
g g
ρbeaker ¿ 1 ¿=1.1 ρbeaker ¿ 2 ¿=0.97
mL mL
Given: m=9.2 g Given: m=9.1 g
v=10 mL v=10 mL
ρbeaker ¿ 3 ¿=? ρbeaker ¿ 4 ¿=?

m m
ρbeaker ¿ 3 ¿= ρbeaker ¿ 4 ¿=
v v
9.2 g 9.1 g
ρbeaker ¿ 3 ¿= ρbeaker ¿ 4 ¿=
10 mL 10 mL
g g
ρbeaker ¿ 3 ¿=0.92 ρbeaker ¿ 4 ¿=0.91
mL mL

g
g Given: ρtotal =3.9
Given: ρbeaker ¿ 1 ¿=1.1 mL
mL
g No. of beakers = 4
ρbeaker ¿ 2 ¿=0.97 ρmean =?
mL
 ρbeaker ¿ 3 ¿=0.92
mL

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Beaker No. Equation Deviation from Mean

1 |
0.975
g
mL
−1.1
g
mL | = 0.125

2 |
0.975
g
mL
−0.97
g
mL | = 0.005

3 |
0.975
g
mL
−0.92
g
mL | = 0.055

4 |
0.975
g
mL
−0.91
g
mL | = 0.065

Total=0.125+ 0.005+0.055+0.065=0.250
0.125+0.005+0.055+ 0.065
Mean= =0.0625
4

( )
g g
0.997 −0.975
% Error= ( True Value−Observed
True Value
Value
) 100 %= mL
0.997
g
mL
100 %=2.21%
mL

% Precision=( Average deviation¿ the mean¿¿ Mean value ) 100 %= ( 0.0625

0.975 )
100 %=6.41 %
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IX. DOCUMENTATION

A. Density of Regular Solids

The researchers collecting the needed apparatus.

The researchers measured the dimensions and volume of the 3 blocks of wood.
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The researchers measured the mass of the 3 blocks of wood.

The researchers wrote down the obtained data.

B. Density of Irregular Solids

The researchers measured the mass of the mossy zinc.

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The researchers poured distilled water into the graduated cylinder and
measured the volume of the mossy zinc.

C. Density of Water

The researchers measured the mass of the dry beaker, transferred a 10 mL of

water to the beaker, and measured the mass of the beaker with water.

The researchers did the final computations for

all the data obtained.
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X. REFERENCES

Britannica. (2023, April 24). measurement. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/measurement

Day, M. M., & Carpi, A. (2013, June 15). Density | General Science.
Visionlearning. https://visionlearning.com/en/library/General-Science/3/
Density/37

Demo Video: Measuring the Density of a Regular and an Irregular Object. (2019,
December 9). Nagwa. https://www.nagwa.com/en/videos/682163284291/

Johnson, L. (2020, December 5). Importance of Density. Siencing.

https://sciencing.com/importance-density-5484217.html

Jones, A. Z. (2023, April 5). An Introduction to Density: Definition and

Calculation. ThoughtCo. https://rb.gy/wy6k4

Unit of Density. (2016, May 4). BYJU’S. http://surl.li/llwsc

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PEER EVALUATION RATING

GROUP 9
EXPERIMENT NO. 2

NAME GROUP ATTENDANCE SPEED CREDIBILITY OVERALL TOTAL

DESIGNATION AND AND AND PARTICIPATION
COOPERATION ACCURACY HONESTY
20% 25% 25% 30% 100%

Gudoy, Benedict
Leader 19.67% 24.67% 24.67% 29.67% 98.68%
L.
Bugaoisan,
Co – Leader 20% 24.33% 23.67% 29.67% 97.67%
Nemalyn
De Guzman,
Member 20% 24% 25% 29.67% 98.67%
Lovely Valerie D.
Lipsot, Dan
Member 17.67% 22.67% 25% 26.67% 92.01%
Lenard C.

Instructions: After every experiment, all the members of the group will have to
evaluate their fellow members, the leaders will evaluate the assistant leader and
members, the assistant leader will evaluate the leader and members, and the
members will also evaluate their respective leader and assistant leader.
When evaluating, each member of the group must have a copy of
the table shown above, the one who is evaluating (evaluator) will not write and
evaluate his/her name on the table already. After the individual evaluation, the
leader and assistant leader will get the average score of every team member and
tabulate them in the table above.
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Figure 3. Flow Chart of the Data Gathering Procedure for the Density of Water