Malonzo Final-2
Malonzo Final-2
Malonzo Final-2
INTRODUCTION
Radish is grown for its young tender tuberous root which is consumed either cooked or
raw. It is a good source of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and minerals like calcium,
potassium and phosphorus. It has got refreshing and diuretic properties. In homeopathy, it
is used for neurological, headache, sleeplessness and chronic diarrhea. The roots are also
useful in urinary complaints and piles. The leaves of radish are good source for extraction
of protein on a commercial scale and radish seeds are potential source of non-drying fatty
oil suitable for soap making illuminating and edible purposes (George, 1999).
Farmers nowadays aimed to use inorganic Fertilizer to help the plant to increase
the yield faster than the usual normal cycle time. Effort aimed at increasing the yield of
eggplant using inorganic fertilizer are limited by high cost, scarcity at the farmer’s level
and degradation of soil properties due to continuous use (Moyin-Jesu, 2007). Because of
continuing use of inorganic fertilizer our soil lessens the nutrient that plant needs.
According to Waseem et al. (2013), the use of inorganic fertilizer in long-term has
reduced physical, chemical, and biological traits, as well as organic matters in the soil,
and of course, they will affect efficiency of nutrients absorption. In addition, excessive
application of inorganic fertilizers would contaminate environment and the food yield
Ubilla (2020) claims that fermented fruit juice (FFJ) is a nutritional activating
enzyme that helps to enhance soil so that crops can flourish there. When sprayed directly
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on a plant's blossom or fruit, fermented fruit juice can increase the flavor of the crop
How to create fermented fruit juice in for use as fertilizer. A nutritional enzyme
known as fermented fruit juice (FFJ) helps to enhance soil and, as a result, the crops that
grow there. By applying FFJ to the leaves of crops, flavor can be enhanced (spraying the
combination directly on the flower and fruit of the plants). It also improves taste
naturally. Due to its role in facilitating the extraction of phytochemicals from fruits and
vegetables, raw brown sugar is a crucial ingredient in the creation of FFJ (Kryss, 2020).
The usage of Fermented Fruit Juice composed of different fruits (non-citrus fruits)
banana, tomato and papaya, banana papaya and tomato have certain nutrient to make our
plants healthier. Fermented fruit juice is a widely consumed beverage around the world.
Historians agree that fermented fruit juice was produced as early as 6000 BC in the
Caucasus and Mesopotamia. According to Rig-Veda (n.d) the fermented fruit juice is
possibly the oldest fermented substance known to man. The fermented fruit juice can aid
in the increase of nutrient content in the soil as well as the growth of the plant. Banana,
Papaya and Tomato are high in phosphorus and potassium, which are essential nutrients
during the flowering and fruiting stages of the plant. The application of the fermented
fruit juice will also increase the microbial activity that is important in the plant’s nutrient
uptake (Valdez,2016). However, it was discovered that combining fruit extracts is more
efficient, especially in flower induction and fruit environment. Fermented Fruit Juice help
to increase the sweetness and yield of fruits plant nutrient through their leaves and roots.
Fruits like banana and other permanganate are easy to culture to become a concoction,
It can be applied directly to the soil as a foliar spray to the plant and improve soil
health. It can boost the flavor of crops through foliar application spraying the mixture
directly on the flower and fruit of the plants. It also acts as a natural taste enhancer.
Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of different Fermented Fruit
The general objective of this study was to determine the Fermented Fruit Juice
(FFJ) can be essential as an organic soil drench fertilizer on variety of radish (speedy)
and which FFJ is the best in soil drench application for the potassium level needed.
The study was conducted from June to July 2022 at Masagana St. Bucanan,
Magalang Pampanga.
The study focused on the growth and yield of radish applied with different
Importance of Radish
crop, and also as a cover plant. The economic importance and characteristics of radish
differ between the East and the West of the world. In the East, there are radish cultivars
having large roots with various shapes called “Asian big radish” and those grown for
production of immature pods or oil seeds, whereas radish is a small vegetable grown
within one month in the West. Asian big radish is expected to eventually become popular
in the West. Radish belongs to the genus Raphanus, but is similar to the Brassica species
except for the shape of pods and seeds. Despite their similarities, the order of genes in
sequences have been published from three groups using similar cultivars, and therefore,
of more reliable genome sequences. Some radish lines have high salt tolerance and
disease resistance different from Brassica crops. Radish also has a characteristic
glucosinolate composition. Since radish can be crossed with Brassica species, it is also
Organic Agriculture
substantially despite the world economic crisis. It is now being viewed as an additional
option to conventional or chemical agriculture and not just for the niche market. Organic
(2016) organic farming systems produce lower yields compared with conventional
agriculture. However, they are more profitable and environmentally friendly, and deliver
equally or more nutritious foods that contain less (or no) pesticide residues, compared
Republic act 10068 (Organic Agriculture Act of 2010) an Act implement a policy to
order to enrich soil fertility, increase farm productivity, reduce pollution and minimize of
Fermented Fruit Juice is a concoction made from sweet ripe fruits extracted
thoroughly blended with sugar or molasses and processed for short period of time before
being added to the plants to facilitate flowering and fruit settings. According to Zaharah
et al., (2017) The treated plants with FPJ and FFJ produced early flowers and fruits
compared to untreated plants due to the enhanced production of auxin and essential
nutrients. In addition, According to Pagluanan et al., (2010) state the plants treated with
Fermented plant juice provided the most number and weight of marketable fruits. It will
help to increase the nutrient content in soil and will also improve the plant’s growth.
Sakimin et al., (2017) cited those Total soluble solids were also observed to increase after
Experimental Site
The study was conducted at area in Masagana St. Bucanan, Magalang, Pampanga
above sea level. The soil’s characteristics of experimental site is Clay loam. Pampanga
province features two different climates: a rainy day and a dry one. The rainy or wet
season normally begins in May and runs through October, while the rest of the year is the
dry season. March and April are the warmest seasons of the year, while December
through February are the coldest. Pampanga typically receives about 89.61 millimeters
(3.53 inches) of precipitation and has 162.37 rainy days (44.48% of the time).
Experimental Crop
The speedy radish plant has a short hairy stem and a rosette (ground level
horizontal and circular leaves) of oblong shaped leaves which measure 5–30 cm (2–12
inches) in length. Speedy variety can produce 10.00 to 15.00 metric tons
The experimental design that was used is Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) with four treatments replicated three times. The treatments were assigned are as
follows;
Statistical Analysis
The data was analyzed statically to find out whether there are any significant
differences among of all treatment. The significant difference was tested by the Least
EXPERIMENTAL LAY-OUT
BLK I
T1 T3 T4 T2
BLK II
T3 T2 T4 T1
BLK III T4 T3 T2 T1
CULTURAL MANAGEMENT
The materials needed for Fermented fruit juice (FFJ) are bananas peeling and
over ripped bananas, a bucket or Jar’s, muscovado sugar, manila paper, plastic straw for
To make an FFJ (Fermented Fruit Juice), collect fruits before sunrise (when fruit
energy is at its peak), then cut or chop the fruit finely. Mix the two ingredients properly,
banana, peeling and over ripped banana 1:1 and mix the 3 kilos chopped fruits, 3 kilos
muscovado sugar, and 3 liters of natural water. Put in a bucket or jar leave 25% air space
and place for 14 days. Moreover, for harvesting the extract. Fermented fruit juice a net or
strainer was needed, and for storing the FFJ extract a plastic bottle with cup was used.
Potting
The researcher prepared the polyethylene bag measuring 8 x 10 inches. The soil
medium with the soil texture of loam soil. Unnecessary weeds, stones and plastics were
Seed sowing was done manually by sowing two seeds per polyethylene bag. Seed
sowing was done 2 inches depth and sprayed with water to facilitate germination.
Fertilizer Application
Fermented fruit juice was applied twice a week with a ratio of 2 tablespoon
fermented fruit juice into 1 liter of water. Fertilizer was applied at 21 days and applied
Watering
Watering was done early in the morning and late at the afternoon, to reduces the
evaporation and allows the plants to absorb water for several hours without exposure to
the sun.
Weeding
Hand weeding was done at a time to make the plants clean and free form weeds.
Neem oil was used as insecticide to control pest white flies, aphids and
water. Neem oil was applied at 30 days was applied once a week.
Harvesting
Harvesting was done 45 days after planting. This was done manually by pulling
the plants.
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DATA GATHERED
Ten sample plant were randomly selected every treatment. Data from these
samples served as the sourced of data per parameters earlier identified. These are as
follows;
The plant height was measured at harvest with the use of tape measure from the
The length of the fruits was measured from the tip of the leaves up to the end of
To get the diameter of the fruits, the middle part was measured with the use of
vernier caliper.
The weight of the root was measured with the use of weighing scale.
The marketable fruits were done by separating and weighing the roots with no
blemishes, cracks and insect damage. The separated roots were counted as the non-
This computed yield per tons/ha was computed by dividing the yield per plot to
Sample area
Cost and return analysis.
The cost and return analysis was determined by computing all the recorded
operation cost and inputs used in the experiment.This was determined by using this
formula.
CHAPTER IV
Table1. shows that significant difference was obtained on the plant height at
Treatments Mean
SOURCEOF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Total 11 76.2367
CV= 3.80%
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different sources of fermented fruit juice. Numerically, T1 produced (14.08 cm) the
Treatments Mean
SOURCEOF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Total 11 24.8582
CV= 6.60%
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fermented fruit juice. No significant difference was obtained among of all treatments.
Treatments Mean
SOURCEOF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Total 11 24.8083
CV= 4.52%
Table 4. Shows that the weight of fruits did not attained significant difference
among the treatments. Numerically T1 (0.147g) obtained the heaviest weight of fruits.
Treatments Mean
SOURCEOF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Total 11 0.0014
CV= 6.44%
produced the heaviest weight and comparable with T4 and T3. Meanwhile, T2 (0.90kg)
Treatments Mean
SOURCEOF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Total 11 0.1688
CV= 6.90%
Table 7. Shows that the weight of non-marketable fruits per plot/treatment did not
attained significant difference among the treatments. Numerically, there was difference
among the treatments. T2 (0.409kg) obtained the heaviest non-marketable fruits per
plot/treatment.
Treatments Mean
SOURCEOF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Total 11 0.1173
CV= 33.71%
Table 8. Shows that the computed yield per tons/ha was not significant difference
among the treatments. Therefore, Numerically, there was no difference among the
treatments. T1 obtained the highest yield with a mean of 12.77 metric tons. Mean while
Table 8. Computed yield per tons/ha as affected by different sources of fermented fruit
juice
Treatments Mean
SOURCEOF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Total 11 0.3061
CV=3.51%
The cost and return analysis show that the T1 had the highest net income with a
a net income of Php 215,086 or return of investment 148.42%. (Php 30, PSA 2022)
Table 9. Cost and return analysis as affected by different sources of fermented fruit juice
CHAPTER V
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SUMMARY
The field study was conducted from June 2022 to July 2022 at, to evaluate the
growth and yield of radish applied with different sources of fermented fruit juice. The
experimental design was used in the study is Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) with four treatments replicated three times. The following treatments used were
Significant difference was obtained on the plant height at harvest. shows that
produced the tallest plant height. Therefore, T2, T3 and T4 are comparable with each
produced the heaviest weight and comparable with T4 and T3. T2 obtained the lightest
the Length of fruits, diameter of fruits, weight of fruits, weight of non-marketable fruits
The benefit cost and return analysis show that the T1 had the highest net income
CONCLUSION
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Significant difference was obtained on the plant height at harvest. shows that
significant difference was obtained on the plant height at harvest. T1(29.12cm) produced
the tallest plant height. Significant difference was produced on the weight of marketable
produced the heaviest weight and comparable with T4 and T3. cost and return analysis
show that the T1 had the highest net income with a corresponding Php 310,366 with a
RECOMMENDATION
It is therefore, that T1 Farmers practice is the best fertilizer to obtain the the tallest
plant height and weight of marketable fruits plot/treatments. In cost a return analysis T1
farmers practice had the highest net income with a corresponding Php 310,366 with a
References
Growth and Yield Performance of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) ‘cv’ 'SNOW WHITE' in
Response to Varying Levels of Vermicast Applications Dr. Eric Randy R. Politud,
Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture,
Misamis Oriental State College of Agriculture and Technology, Claveria, 9004
Misamis Oriental, Philippines
Nishio, T. (2017). Economic and Academic Importance of Radish. In: Nishio, T.,
Kitashiba, H. (eds) The Radish Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes.
Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59253-4_1
Pagluanan, E.R., (2010). Growth and yield performance of different vegetables applied
with inorganic fertilizers Abra State Inst. of Sciences and used of Technology,
Lagangilang, Abra (Philippines).
Rega nold, J., Wachter, J. 2016. Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century.Nature
Plants2,15221(2016).Shet NB, Sagar SD, Bollamma MN, et al. Production of
fermented fruit juice and value addition by blending medicinal plants. J Bacteriol
Mycol Open Access. 2017;5(6):395-397. DOI:
PLATES
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Plate No. 9 The researcher while measuring the fruit using tape measure
Plate No. 11 The researcher while weigh the fruit using digital weighing scale
APPENDICES
Appendix 2. Length of fruit (cm) applied with different sources of fermented fruit juice
Appendix 3. Diameter of fruits applied with different sources of fermented fruit juice
Appendix 4. Weight of fruits applied with different sources of fermented fruit juice
Appendix 7. Computed yield per tons/ha applied with different sources of fermented
fruit juice
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the thesis manuscript entitled “GROWTH AND YIELD
been duly edited and scrutinized by the Technical Critic whose signature is affixed
below.
English Critic
Date Signed
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
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Nationality : Filipino
Hilda C. Malonzo
Educational Background