REVIEWER: CRUISELINE GEOGRAPHY - Any significant accumulation of water on a planet’s surface

- Does not have to be still or contained, rivers, streams, canals

LANDFORMS - Moves from one place to another
– Natural feature of the solid surface of the Earth
- Categorized by elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock RIVER
exposure and soil type – Natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater
- Towards an ocean, sea, lake, or another river
MOUNTAIN - Small rivers – stream, creek, brook, rivulet, rill
– Large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited
area, usually in the form of peak BAY
- Generally steeper than a hill – Recessed, coastal body of water connected to a larger main body of
- Formed through tectonic forces or volcanic eruption water or another bay
- Erode slowly through water erosion, weather, and glaciers - Land surrounding often reduces the strength of winds and waves
- Significant in the history of human settlement because it provided
HILLS safe space for fishing
– Raised areas on the surface of earth with distinctive summits
- Not as high as mountains GULF
- Created by accumulation of rock debris or sand deposits in wind and – Sea or ocean that reaches into the land
glaciers - Formed through crustal movement and volcanoes
- Also created by faulting - Strange gaps on land
- Generally present in low mountain valleys and plains
LAKE
ISLAND – Area of variable size filled with water
- or isle - Lies on land, not part of the ocean
- Piece of land surrounded by water - Larger and deeper than ponds
- Smaller than continents
- Can be considered as a country WATERFALLS
– Place where water flows over a vertical drop or series of steep drops
DESERT - Also occur where melt water drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg
– Hot and dry areas of the world or iceshelf
- Arid/semi-arid lands with little to no vegetation
- Approx.. 20% of earth’s land POND
- Divided into 4 categories: Semi-Arid, Hot and Dry, Cold, and Coastal – Body of standing water
Desert - Can be artificial or natural, often man-made
- Smaller than lake, shallow water with marsh, aquatic plants, and
PLAINS animals
– Broad, flat areas on earth’s surface
- Lower than land in their surrounding STRAIT
- Can be found inland and along the coast – Naturally formed narrow navigable waterway that connects two larger
- Covered by grasslands bodies of water
- Human settlement good for farming and building cities, residential - Channel of water that lies between land masses
areas, transport networks
ESTUARY
VALLEY – Partially enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers,
– Lowland area or surface depression of the earth between higher streams flowing into it
lands - Connected to an open sea
- Defined as a natural trough bounded by mountains or hills sloping - Subject to – marine influences: tides, waves, and influx of saline
down to bodies of water water
- riverine influences: flows of freshwater and sediments
CANYON
– or Gorge LAGOON
- Deep cleft between cliffs due to weathering or erosion over geologic – Shallow body of water separated by barrier islands or reefs
timescales - Commonly divided into coastal and atoll lagoons
- Rift between two mountains peaks - Can also be man-made and used for water treatment
- E.g.: Rocky Mountains, the Alps, the Himalayas, the Andes
- Slot canyons, very narrow canyons that often have smooth walls WETLAND
– Land area that is saturated with water permanently or seasonally
PLATEAU - Distinct characteristic of vegetation of aquatic plants
– Fairly flat areas higher than the land surrounding it - Water purification, flood control, carbon sink, shoreline stability
- Surrounding areas have very steep slopes
- Some plateaus are situated between mountain ranges (Tibet) SWAMP
- Covers wide land areas with enclosed basins – Wetland that is forested
- Approx. covers 45% of the entire earth’s land surface - Mostly occur along large rivers or lakes dependent upon natural water
level fluctuations
ARCHIPELAGO - Slow-moving and stagnant water
– “island group” or “island chain”
- “cluster” or “collection of islands” SEA
- Sea containing small number of scattered islands – Large body of saltwater surrounded or in part by land
- Essential aspect of human trade, travel, mining, and power generation
PENINSULA - Warfare and natural phenomena
– [Latin: ‘paene’ – “almost” and ‘insula’ – “island”]
- Piece of land surrounded by water on majority of its border while OCEAN
connected to a mainland from which it extends – Body of saline water
- E.g.: US of Michigan, Scandinavian Peninsula, Niagara Peninsula - Mariana Trench; deepest point in the ocean located in the Pacific
- Surrounding water is usually continuous near Mariana isles
- Oceanic Evaporation; phase of water cycle, source of rainfall
BODIES OF WATER - Ocean Temperature; determines climate and wind patterns
– “water body”