(222CN035) Under the guidance : Prof. JOHN D’SOUZA OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT OPTICAL- OFDM TECHNIQUES FOR UNDERWATER OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE :- MATLAB CONTENTS INTRODUCTION UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION CHANNEL UWOC CHANNEL MODEL OPTICAL OFDM OPTICAL CHANNEL PARAMETER SIMULATION REFERENCES 1.INTRODUCTION Underwater wireless communications play an important role in marine activities such as environmental monitoring, underwater exploration, and scientific data collection. Underwater wireless communications still remain quite challenging, due to the unique and harsh conditions that characterize underwater channels. 2.UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION CHANNEL Underwater (UW) wireless communication refers to transmission of digital data though an underwater wireless channel using radio frequency (RF) waves, acoustic waves or optical waves as carriers. 2.1 Acoustic UWC ADVANTAGE :- The acoustic link range is several tens of km’s which is much larger than RF and optical link ranges.
DISADVANTAGE :- Low data rates (in kbps) ,
severe communication delays (in seconds), costly and energy consuming transceivers are some of the limitations of this UWC method. 2.2 RF UWC ADVANTAGE :- Smooth transition through air/water interface. Also RF signal can tolerate large turbulence than optical and acoustic communications.
DISADVANTAGE :- It supports short link ranges
(upto few meters) and its transceivers are also costly and energy consuming. 2.3 UW optical communication ADVANTAGE :- UW optical communication has the highest transmission data rate (in Gbps), high bandwidth, lowest link delay and lowest implementation cost of the three.
DISADVANTAGE :- Large absorption and scattering
of optical signal under water, requirement of precise alignment condition, and requirement of reliable underwater devices. COMPARISION 3.CHANNEL MODEL FOR UWOC UNDERWATER TURBULANCE MODE CHANNEL MODEL MIXTURE EXPONENTIAL GENERALIZED GAMMA FUNCTION :- For salinity, temp variation, bubble density , and turbulence. a,c = Shaping parameters b = Scale
Double gamma function :-
Noise OPTICAL – OFDM Traditional OFDM is complex and bipolar. For optical - OFDM need real and unipolar.
OFDM for VLC :-
DCO – OFDM=all subcarrier carries data. ACO – OFDM= only odd subcarrier carries data. DCO- OFDM MODEL
Block Diagram Block descriptions :- S/P & Mapping:-followed the standard practice of mapping input bits stream to 4-QAM constellation(where log2 (L) > 0 is an integer) followed by serial-to-parallel (S/P) conversion. Pre-Equilizer :- To eliminate the power difference between low-frequency and high- frequency subcarriers in OFDM-based VLC system with a low-pass frequency response, centralized DPE was proposed which allocates more power to the subcarriers in the high-frequency region. Hermitian symmetry :- The negative frequencies in the spectrum do not get new information with respect to the positive frequencies.
Hermitian symmetry X(f) = X*(−f)
IFFT and FFT :- Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) at the transmitter which is used to convert frequency domain to time domain and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) which is used to convert time domain to frequency domain at the receiver side is implemented. Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) & LPF :- • The DAC converts the digital OFDM symbols, which are represented by discrete samples, into analog signals. • In OFDM, each subcarrier is modulated independently, resulting in a parallel stream of modulated subcarriers. • The LPF is often employed after the DAC to remove high- frequency components and suppress aliasing. • Since the DAC produces a continuous-time signal, it may contain high-frequency components due to the rapid transitions between digital samples. Electrical-to-Optical (E-O) Conversion:- The electrical signals, typically in the form of digital data or analog signals, are fed into the LED. LEDs are semiconductor devices that emit light when current passes through them. The electrical signal causes the LED to emit optical radiation, encoding the information into light pulses. Numerical Results Simulation Results The simulation and theoretical BER of 4-QAM DCO-OFDM in an AWGN channel without turbulence and with different DC-bias levels Simulation Results Simulation Results References : H. Jiang, H. Qiu, N. He, W. Popoola, Z. Ahmad and S. Rajbhandari, "Performance of Spatial Diversity DCO-OFDM in a Weak Turbulence Underwater Visible Light Communication Channel," in Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 2271-2277, 15 April15, 2020, Underwater Optical Wireless Communications: Overview J. Wang, M. Fu, B. Zheng and M. Sun, "A design of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication system based on OFDM technology," OCEANS 2022 - Chennai, Chennai, India, 2022, pp. 1-6, A. A, R. Hema. and D. C. Diana., "Performance Evaluation of GFDM in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication," 2023 2nd International Conference on Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking Technologies (ViTECoN), Vellore, India, 2023, pp. 1-5, A. H. Ali, S. A. Kadhim and H. M. Azzawi, "Next Generation UWOC System Based on MIMO and QAM - OFDM Modulation Techniques," 2018 Third Scientific Conference of Electrical Engineering (SCEE), Baghdad, Iraq, 2018, pp. 235-240, doi: 10.1109/SCEE.2018.8684207.
