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Course/Unit Information
Qualification Pearson BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Business
Unit No and Name Unit 1 Business and the Business Environment
Unit Code T/618/5032
Validity Date June 2023 to December 2023
Batch Onsite Batch

Instructor Information
Name Dr. Arpita Mehrotra
Email ID [email protected]
Contact Number 971 52 487 5220

Assignment Information
Full/ Part Assignment Full Assignment
Date Assignment Issued October 10, 2023
Date Assignment Due November 7, 2023
Turn it in ID 40991452
Enrollment Key BBE2310

Student Information
(To be filled by the student prior submitting the assignment)
Name Imaduddin khan mohammed
Student ID
Email ID [email protected]
Date of Submission 10.11.2023

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Date : 10.11.2023

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Assignment Brief.
 Achievement Feedback Summary

Assessor’s Name
Pass Merit Distinction Grades Awarded

LO1 Explain the different types, size and scope of organisations.

P1 Explain different types P1 Achieved/Not

and purposes of M1 Analyse how the Achieved
organisations; public, private,
structure, size and scope of
and voluntary sectors and different organisations link P2 Achieved/Not
legal structures. to the business objectives Achieved
and product and services
P2 Explain the size and scope offered by the M1 Achieved/Not
of a range of different types organisations. LO1 & LO2 Achieved
of organisations.
D1 Provide critical
LO2 Demonstrate the interrelationship of the various analysis of the
functions within an organisation and how they link to complexities of different
organisational structure. organisations and
structures.
P3 Achieved/Not
P3 Explain the relationship M2 Analyse the Achieved
between different interrelationships between
organizational functions and organisational functions M2 Achieved/Not
how they link to and the impact that can Achieved
organizational objectives and have upon organizational
structure. structure. D1 Achieved/Not
Achieved

LO3 Use contemporary examples to demonstrate both the positive and negative influence/impact the macro
environment has on business operations.

P4 Identify the positive and M3 Apply appropriately P4 Achieved/Not

negative impacts the macro the PESTLE model to Achieved
environment has on business support a detailed analysis
operations, supported by of the macro environment M3 Achieved/Not
specific examples. in an organisation. Achieved

LO4 Determine the internal strengths and weaknesses LO3 and LO4
making of specific businesses and their interrelationship
with external macro factors. D2 Critically evaluate the
 P5 Achieved/Not
P5 Conduct internal and Achieved
external analysis of specific
organisations in order to P6 Achieved/Not
M4 Apply appropriately
identify strengths and Achieved
SWOT/TOWS analysis and
weaknesses.
justify how they influence impacts that both macro-
M4 Achieved/Not
decision making. and micro factors have on
P6 Explain how strengths Achieved
business objectives and
and weaknesses interrelate
decision.
with external macro factors. D2 Achieved/Not
Achieved

[To Achieve a PASS, all P grade

descriptors should be achieved; To Date:
PASS/MERIT/
achieve a MERIT, all P and M grade
DISTINCTION/
Overall Result/Grade descriptors should be achieved; To
REDO
achieve a DISTINCTION, all P, M
and D grade descriptors should be
achieved.]

Summative Feedback:

Overall Feedback on current

work with emphasis on how the
student can improve and
achieve higher grades in future.
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Assignment title Understanding Business and the Business Environment

LO 01 Explain the different types, size and scope of organisations.

Demonstrate the interrelationship of the various functions within an organisation and how they link
LO 02 to organisational structure
Use contemporary examples to demonstrate both the positive and negative influence/impact the
LO 03 macro environment has on business operations
Determine the internal strengths and weaknesses of specific businesses and their interrelationship
LO 04 with external macro factors.

Scenario

Choose any organization in the country of your residence. The organization can be a manufacturing or
service-based entity. You can choose a local or a global organization in the - Public/Private/Government
sector. You are to assume the role of a Junior Business Analyst in your chosen organization. Prepare and
submit a report for the chosen organization as follows:

1.Explain different types and purposes of organizations; public, private, and voluntary sectors and
legal structures.

2. Analyse and explain how the structure, size and scope of different organizations link to the
business objectives and products and services offered by the organizations.

3. Analyse and explain the interrelationships between different organizational functions and how they
link to organizational objectives and have an impact on the organizational structure.

4. Provide a critical analysis of the organizational structure and the complexities of different
organizations and structures.

5. Apply appropriately the PESTLE model to support a detailed analysis of the macro environment of
the chosen organisation, identifying the positive and negative impacts the macro environment has on
business operations, supported by specific examples.
6. Apply and conduct appropriate SWOT/TOWS analysis of the chosen organisation to identify
 strengths and weaknesses.

7. Explain how strengths and weaknesses interrelate with external macro factors. Critically evaluate
the impact these factors have on business objectives and justify how they influence decision-making
in the chosen organization.

Submission Format

You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs, and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be
supported with research and referenced using the Harvard referencing system. You will need to provide a
bibliography using the Harvard referencing system (or an alternative system). Inaccurate use of referencing
may lead to issues of plagiarism if not applied correctly. The recommended word limit is 5000–6,500 words,
although you will not be penalized for exceeding the total word limit.

Recommended Resources:

BURNS, J. and NEEDLE, D. (2019) Business in Context: An Introduction to Business and its
Environment. 7th Ed. Cengage Learning.
MORRISON, J. (2020) The Global Business Environment: Towards Sustainability? 5th Ed.
Red Globe Press.
WETHERLEY, P. (Editor) and OTTER, D. (2018) The Business Environment: Themes and
Issues in a Globalised World. 4th Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
WORTHINGTON, I., and BRITTON. C. (2018) The Business Environment. 8th Ed.
Harlow: Pearson.

Websites

www.businessballs.com- Business Balls

(General reference)
www. businesscasestudies.co.uk - Business Case Studies(case studies)
www.forbes.com Forbes (General reference)
www.ibtimes.com International Business Times Business(General reference)
www.ted.com -TED Talks Business and technology(Video resources)
 Introduction

1. A business is an entity that engages in economic activities to generate profit

or achieve specific goals. This is achieved through the production and
distribution of goods and services (Contributors, 2023). The business
environment encompasses a wide range of factors and forces that can
significantly influence a company's ability to establish and maintain successful
customer relationships. These factors can be both internal and external to the
organization and may include economic conditions, market trends, government
regulations, social and cultural factors, technological advancements, and
competition, among others. (contributors, 2023)

Different types and purposes of organizations:

An organization is made up of individuals who come together to achieve

common goals and objectives and are connected by a legally binding entity.
Both public services and public enterprises make up the public sector, which is
an essential part of the economy. The public sector consists of government
services and public goods, such as law enforcement, military, infrastructure,
healthcare, public transit, and elected officials. These services are accessible to
everyone and benefit society as a whole, such as street lighting. Public
enterprises, also known as state-owned enterprises, are self-financing
commercial ventures that operate on a commercial basis under public
ownership. They offer various private goods and services for sale (MasterClass,
2023).

The private sector is the part of the economy that is owned by individuals or
organizations, rather than by the government. It's usually established to make a
profit or promote public welfare. The private sector includes various economic
sectors that aim to generate profits for business owners. It plays a crucial role in
the economy by creating job opportunities, delivering goods and services,
stimulating growth, and encouraging innovation. The private sector is further
divided into for-profit and non-profit organizations. Non-profit entities are legal
bodies whose primary objective is to promote the public good, while for-profit
businesses focus on earning profits from regular operations to maximize the
wealth of their owners. The private sector includes a wide range of sectors such
as retail, hospitality, aviation, construction, and financial services.

The Voluntary Sector is a group of organizations that work towards improving

society without profit as their primary motive, often without government
involvement. These organizations are responsible for providing essential
services to the community. Voluntary organizations tackle a variety of issues,
ranging from youth clubs to specialized medical research. Most of these
organizations focus on addressing specific issues such as climate change or
unaffordable housing, or supporting specific groups in society such as women
facing domestic abuse. Charities, Foundations, Social Welfare Organizations,
and Faith-Based Organizations are some of the organizations within the
voluntary sector.

A legal structure is an essential framework that governs the operation of a

business entity. Businesses can be organized into distinct legal structures, such
as limited liability companies (LLCs), corporations, sole proprietorships, and
general partnerships.

A sole proprietorship is a type of business organization that is owned and

operated by a single individual for personal gain. The owner of the business
assumes full responsibility for all liabilities incurred by the business, ranging
from operational costs to legal judgments. A sole proprietorship allows the
owner to retain control of all assets of the business, including inventory,
equipment, and fixtures.

A partnership is a form of business organization that involves two or more

individuals who agree to share the management, profits, and taxes of a business.
Partnerships can be established between individuals or companies, and each
partner is responsible for paying taxes on their portion of the profits. The
partnership agreement outlines the details of ownership, liabilities, profit
sharing, and procedures for the departure of a partner. The nominated partner is
responsible for managing records and tax returns, while each partner is
responsible for submitting their tax return.

limited liability companies (LLCs) are entities that are privately owned. Those
who invest in an LLC are responsible for the company's debts up to the amount
of their investment. Shareholders in LLCs have liability limited to creditors
only to the extent of their investment in the company. In the event of unforeseen
circumstances that cause the company to lose money, shareholders' assets are
protected, but their initial investment may be lost. When incorporating, LLCs
must pay an application fee and have at least one director and one guarantor,
who can be the same person.

A corporation is a type of business organization that has a distinct legal

personality from its owners. Ownership in a corporation is represented by
stocks, and the owners enjoy limited liability. Corporations have a separate
legal personality from their owners, which means they can sue or be sued, enter
into contracts, and own property. The shareholders of a corporation have limited
liability to creditors only to the extent of their investment in the business.

2. How the structure, size, and scope of different organizations

link to the business objectives and products and services:
Kenton (2023) says that an organization's structure, size, and scope are closely
related to its business objectives and the goods and services it provides. These
factors significantly influence an organization's operations and goals in the
marketplace. An organization's internal operations and resource management
are shaped by its organizational structure, whether it be divisional, matrix, or
functional. It affects how effectively services are provided and new products are
developed. A corporation with a single product line, for example, can benefit
greatly from a functional organization because it allows for specialized
knowledge in each function. However, a varied organization might benefit more
from a matrix structure, which encourages cross-functional cooperation. An
organization's scale and capabilities are directly correlated with its size. Small
companies frequently concentrate on specialized markets and may have growth
and survival as their main goals. They provide a small selection of goods and
services. Medium-sized enterprises can diversify into different product or
service lines and have access to greater resources. Gaining market share and
expansion are frequently among their goals. Due to their scale, large firms
might potentially operate in multiple industries or markets and provide a broad
range of goods and services. Their goals for their businesses are frequently to
become profitable, expand internationally, and dominate their respective
markets. The extent of an organization's market presence is determined by its
scope, which can be restricted, medium, or vast. Narrowly focused
organizations focus on a certain product or service specialty to become industry
leaders in that area. Medium-sized businesses frequently broaden the scope of
their products and services to target larger client groups or associated markets,
to boost sales and market share in these expanded markets. Organizations with a
broad reach, spanning several markets and sectors, aim to attain collaboration
and all-encompassing resolutions. Their goals can include breaking into new
markets and offering a broad range of goods and services to satisfy different
kinds of clients. An organization's size, scope, and organizational structure are
strategic decisions that directly affect how the company pursues its goals and
what kinds of goods and services it can provide. These components should be in
line with the company's overall strategy and its comprehension of the market,
allowing it to adjust and prosper in a cutthroat commercial environment.
(Kenton, 2023)
Size and scope of different types of organizations:
Government-owned and run entities, known as public sector organizations,
range in size from tiny local departments to enormous federal agencies. A
neighborhood public school, for instance, might employ a few hundred people,
but the US Department of Defence employs more than 1.3 million soldiers on
active duty. The character and extent of the public sector originate from the
plans and directives controlling economic growth and the framework of a
nation's economic system, from offering fundamental services ranging from
waste management to overseeing intricate infrastructure undertakings like the
construction of airports and motorways (IGNOU, 2017). Private sector
organizations can range in size from small family-run businesses to massive
international conglomerates. Private sector organizations are owned and
operated by private individuals or businesses. A small restaurant, for example,
might only have a few staff members, but Walmart employs around 2 million
individuals worldwide. The variety of tasks carried out by the private sector
Additionally, businesses can be extremely varied, ranging from the production
and promotion of goods such as clothing or gadgets to the delivery of services
like financial counseling or medical attention. Alternatively referred to as non-
profit or third-sector organizations, voluntary sector organizations are usually
established with social or environmental goals in mind. Their sizes can vary
from small local organizations to major global nonprofits. An organization like
the Red Cross, for instance, responds to disasters worldwide and has a presence
in over 190 countries, whereas a local animal shelter might be run completely
by volunteers. The extent of the nonprofit sector Additionally, organizations can
differ greatly, from offering direct services like food banks and counseling to
promoting social justice and fighting for legislative changes. Businesses can
differ in terms of their legal framework, size, and extent in addition to these
three main segments. Sole proprietorships are small businesses owned and
operated by one person. Small to medium-sized companies owned and operated
by two or more people are frequently partnerships. Limited liability companies
(LLCs) are entities that can be formed by new businesses or large multinational
companies. LLCs combine the liability protection of corporations with the tax
benefits of partnerships.

3. The relationship between different organizational functions and

how they link to organizational objectives and structure:
Sherman (2019) says that The organizational structure of a company is closely
tied to its business function since the structure is designed to support the
specific roles and responsibilities required to serve its customers. All functions
within an organization rely on each other. For instance, the marketing team
needs information from the research and development department to understand
the needs and wants of consumers. Similarly, the sales department requires
information about the company's products and services to assist customers
effectively. Furthermore, the production and supply chain functions are
interdependent as the production department relies on materials to create goods
or services. In other words, the way a company is structured is largely
determined by the needs of the business and the customers it serves. This
includes the hierarchy of positions, reporting relationships, and overall flow of
information and decision-making. Ultimately, the organizational structure is a
critical aspect of a company's success, as it directly impacts its ability to meet
the needs of its customers and achieve its objectives. To provide strategic
direction, focus, and priorities for the company (Sherman, 2019)

An organization's operations and evolution depend heavily on the relationships

between organizational functions and how those interactions affect
organizational structure. To accomplish the goals of the business, many
organizational departments like marketing, finance, operations, and human
resources must collaborate seamlessly. The degree of dependency among these
functions influences the organization's success. As an example, if production
and sales aren't integrated well, it might end up resulting in resource waste or
overproduction, which may affect the cost structure and profitability of the
business. The degree to which departments interact can also have a consequence
on an organization's ability to come up with new ideas and adapt. A culture of
genuine interaction and cooperation between departments might stimulate
innovation. In contrast, if departments work in isolation, the organization's
capability to react to changing market circumstances may suffer. The
interdependence of functions can also influence how decisions are made within
an organization. Decisions are made at a higher, centralized level in some cases,
while they are pushed down to individual functions in others. This can have an
impact on decision-making speed and effectiveness.

Organization structure and its types:

The way in which a company is organized determines how tasks are assigned,
coordinated, and supervised to achieve the company's goals is called
organization structure. Organizational structure can further be classified into
different types. Some of them are:

Functional structure: Functional structures are widely adopted by

organizations, where specialized groups are formed to fulfill specific roles and
responsibilities. This structure is mostly used by small to medium-sized
businesses and it is highly popular in the workforce. It is a well-established
practice where companies break down their organization into different
departments such as finance, marketing, and human resources, each led by a
manager accountable to an administrator or executive overseeing multiple
departments. (Team, 2022)

Hierarchical structure: A hierarchical structure is a conventional way of

organizing a company, which is built around a distinct chain of command and
well-defined roles and responsibilities. Under this structure, workers report to a
manager who, in turn, reports to a higher-ranking manager, and so on. This
model establishes unambiguous lines of authority and responsibility, but it can
also be inflexible and sluggish in adapting to change. (HEXATERON.IO, 2023)
Holocratic structure: Holacracy is an organizational structure that
distributes the power to make important decisions throughout an organization.
This contrasts with conventional management hierarchies where a select few
hold all the power. The fundamental principle of holocracy is self-organization,
where employees organize into teams and work towards a common goal in a
self-directed manner. This approach fosters a more collaborative and inclusive
work environment, where everyone's input is valued and decisions are made
with greater transparency and accountability. (Cuofano, 2023)

Matrix structure: matrix structure is an organizational structure where

employees report to more than one manager, making the structure complex.
Despite its complexity, this structure proves beneficial in achieving higher
productivity, especially in organizations with diverse product lines and services.
Employees are temporarily assigned to jobs or projects outside their department
and work in teams alongside individuals with diverse expertise to achieve
specific goals. (contributors, 2023)
Divisional structure: The divisional organizational structure is a
management approach that divides a company into different segments based on
products, markets, or geographical locations. This type of structure is typically
adopted by larger organizations with multiple core products and services, as it
offers successful organization, operations, and autonomy for each of the
business segments. The divisional structure is particularly useful for companies
that are geographically dispersed or have a diverse range of product offerings.
(Ellis, 2023)

Network structure: In a network organizational structure, employees are

strategically grouped based on their shared specialization, allowing them to
leverage their expertise and collaborate with other specialists from different
parts of the organization to achieve a common objective with utmost
confidence. (class, 2022)
Flat structure: An organizational structure with few management layers or
hierarchies is referred to as a flat structure. Such a structure encourages open
communication and decentralized decision-making by minimizing levels of
authority and management. The use of cross-functional teams, employee
empowerment, and reduced bureaucracy are common in flat structures, which
also offer flexibility. Communication between employees is usually more direct
and informal in a flat structure, facilitating ease of communication. (Schooley,
2023)

What is apple?
Apple Inc. is an American multinational powerhouse headquartered in
Cupertino, California, renowned for creating game-changing products like the
iPhone, iPad and Macintosh computers. With a market cap of over 2 trillion
dollars, Apple has established itself as one of the largest and most successful
companies globally. The design aesthetic and attention to detail of Apple
devices are second to none, and their systems have a performance advantage
over competitors due to their tight integration between hardware and software.
Apple's rise to the market leader was no accident; they correctly positioned their
products and produced some of the first versions of personal computers,
graphical user interfaces (GUIs), MP3 players, smartphones, smartwatches, and
tablets that were refined, easy to use, and well-designed, leading to widespread
adoption. (Wright, 2023)
Apple's undeniable success can be attributed to several crucial factors, including
its unwavering dedication to innovation and design, which is evident in their
highly functional and visually striking products. The company's design
philosophy centers around simplicity, ease of use, and intuitiveness, which is
prominently displayed in its product line, such as the iPhone and Apple Watch.
Apple is also known for its exceptional ability to generate hype for its products
through well-crafted and meticulously analyzed marketing campaigns. Their
marketing efforts are considered top-notch, highlighting the benefits and
exceptional features of their products, which further boosts customer loyalty.
Apple's reputation for quality, reliability, and customer service has helped it
build a vast and dedicated customer base that is willing to pay a premium for its
products. This loyal customer base is a significant contributor to Apple's
continued growth and success, as they are more likely to purchase additional
products from the company. Apple's financial performance is a testament to its
success, having consistently generated billions of dollars in revenue each
quarter and steadily increasing its stock price over time. This financial success
has enabled the company to invest in research and development, expand its
product line, and acquire new companies. Apple's strong leadership team is
instrumental in its success. The team is singularly focused on innovation and
growth, with an emphasis on collaboration and communication, which fosters a
culture of creativity and innovation within the company. This has been a
significant contributing factor to Apple's continued success and growth.
(Banerjee, 2023)
What kind of organizational structure does Apple have?
Meyer (2023) states that Apple operates with a hierarchical organizational
structure which demonstrates notable divisional attributes, featuring a weak
functional matrix. This structure is a common model in the business world.
Apple's divisional attributes are apparent in its product-based classification,
such as iOS and macOS. The functional matrix's weakness enables cooperation
between divisions, while the company's hierarchy is maintained. This structure
has proven to be highly effective in managing Apple's various product lines.
Apple's organizational structure is designed around the company headquarters
and is hierarchical. However, the company has made efforts to improve
collaboration between its various offices, departments, and teams, such as
software and hardware teams. Compared to the tenure of Steve Jobs, Apple's
vice presidents now have more autonomy. Although the structure is less strict, it
still follows a spoke-and-wheel hierarchy. The upper tier of the business
structure groups functions based on business needs, deriving from the functional
type of organizational structure. This involves top leaders addressing specific
business function areas. For instance, Apple has senior vice presidents who
oversee retail and worldwide marketing. Apple also has a divisional
organizational structure that is based on products. The structure has upper and
lower tiers, with senior and vice presidents overseeing different product outputs.
The company's distribution channels are designed to align with the structure,
ensuring efficient delivery of products to the target customers. This structural
design is used to manage specific products or their components, which
facilitates effective control and management of the entire product cycle. (meyer,
2023)

4. critical analysis of Apples organizational structure and the

complexities of different organizations and structures:
Apple Inc. has a highly effective organizational structure that facilitates swift
and successful innovation, crucial to the company's success in the information
technology, online services, and consumer electronics sectors. The
organizational structure of a company includes workforce groups, goods and
services, and the interdependencies between these groups and resources in the
business. Organizational design influences the development and management of
this structure. In this case study of Apple's business analysis, the company's
organizational structure promotes initiatives that drive ongoing technological
advancement. The structural elements of the computer technology company
maintain a traditional hierarchy while incorporating crucial components from
alternative organizational structures, which helps to support innovation and
organizational leadership that are essential to business success and fulfill
Apple's mission and vision statements. The company's organizational structure
plays a vital role in supporting this leadership. Under Tim Cook's direction,
Apple has restructured its corporate structure to meet the demands of the
modern global market and industry. Apple's organizational structure works well
to support business performance and maintain leadership in the market, making
it a formidable competitor for companies such as Google (Alphabet), Samsung,
Microsoft, Amazon, and Sony in the information technology, consumer
electronics, and online services sectors. Apple TV Plus competes with Netflix
and Disney's streaming services, which have a significant impact on Apple
Inc.'s external environment, according to the company's Five Forces analysis.
With the help of its organizational structure, Apple can maintain and enhance its
edge over its rivals and capabilities, including swift and creative designing of
products and competitiveness in the global market for laptops, smartphones,
tablets, and internet services. (Podolny & Hansen, 2020). Apple Inc. faces
difficulties arising from its size and scope as well as the complexities of its
organizational structures. Its divisional and functional organizational structures
allow for specialization and autonomy, which fosters creativity and excellence.
However, it may result in misunderstandings and unnecessary work. The
company's worldwide operations necessitate compliance with numerous
international regulations and a complicated supply chain. Apple has to deal with
the challenges of concurrently managing hardware, software, and services as its
product line grows. In addition, it has to handle rising sustainability
expectations, navigate a crowded market, and uphold moral principles. For it to
continue to succeed, these complexities must be successfully balanced.

The interrelationships between organizational functions and the

impact upon apples organizational structure:
Apple is a multifaceted organization with a wide range of interrelated and
dependent functions. Operations, marketing, finance, human resources, and
other departments are among them. Interactions between these functions can
influence the organizational structure in several ways and impact the
organization in a positive as well as a negative manner.

According to the study by Meyer (2023), the following are the:

POSITIVE EFFECTS:

1. Different departments or functions can gain profound expertise in particular

areas when they specialize in those tasks. Employees can become extremely
proficient and skilled at their jobs thanks to this specialization, which improves
output quality and expedites task completion. Employees who specialize are
better able to focus on their primary duties without being sidetracked by
unrelated duties. Employee concentration and output are improved because they
are not continuously dividing their attention between multiple tasks.
Organizations can attain greater outcomes in every area with this targeted
approach. Specialized tasks frequently relate to and rely on one another. This
calls for departmental cooperation and communication. The collaboration of
various departments towards shared objectives can promote teamwork and a
feeling of unity within the organization due to this interdependence.

2. Efficient communication and collaboration among various functions

facilitates faster decision-making. For instance, real-time customer feedback
from marketing teams can be sent to sales departments, allowing for quicker
modifications to sales tactics. When various departments collaborate closely,
problems can be found and fixed quickly. For example, prompt communication
between the production team and the quality control department can result in a
prompt resolution of the issue, minimizing production downtime. When various
departments work together, they can distribute resources more effectively. This
helps to prevent resource waste and guarantees that resources are quickly
allocated to areas that need them the most.

3. It becomes simpler to coordinate efforts across various departments with the

organization's overarching objectives and strategic vision when those
departments are interconnected and function well together. This guarantees that
every activity advances the same goals. Each department's roles and
responsibilities can be clearly defined and communicated by interconnected
functions. Confusion and redundancy are decreased as a result of employees
being better able to comprehend their contributions and how they fit into the
overall operational context. Organizations with well-defined functional
relationships are better able to adjust to changing conditions. They can swiftly
reallocate resources, modify procedures, and restructure roles in response to
changes in the corporate environment. (meyer, 2023)

According to the study by Gleeson (2019), the following are the:

NEGATIVE EFFECTS:

1. Communication barriers can appear when departments are segregated and do

not work well together. This communication breakdown can impede
information flow, making it challenging for various functions to exchange
updates, knowledge, and crucial data. Duplication of effort can result from
segregation when teams or departments work on the same projects or tasks
independently without realizing it. This redundancy can waste resources and is
inefficient. Isolated functions may be unaware of the procedures or difficulties
that other departments deal with. Inefficiency may result from this ignorance
since each function functions independently without a thorough grasp of the
larger organizational context.

2. Operating independently, different departments or functions may create their

own subcultures and values, frequently at the expense of a unified
organizational culture. As a result, the organization may develop a fragmented,
disjointed, and occasionally conflicting set of values and beliefs. Employee
commitment and engagement can be significantly influenced by a strong sense
of shared identity and purpose. Employee disengagement and job satisfaction
can result from a weakening of common bonds within the organization.

3. Ineffective coordination between different organizational functions can lead

to redundant work, resource waste, and lengthy procedures. It could take longer
to finish tasks, and operating expenses might go up. Departments that function
independently may develop a "silo mentality," in which they defend their
interests and are reluctant to work with other departments. Instead of
cooperation, this may cause disputes, turf wars, and internal rivalry. When
multiple departments are involved in the creation or provision of a good or
service, a lack of coordination may result in issues with quality control.
Customers' satisfaction could be harmed if flaws go unnoticed. (Gleeson, 2019)

5. PESTLE:
Political:

 In terms of both inflows and outflows of foreign direct investment, the

UAE has been able to secure the top spots in West Asia, the Middle East,
and North Africa. In 2021, it came in at number 19 in the world for FDI
inflows and number 17 in the world for FDI outflows. Regarding foreign
direct investment (FDI), the United Arab Emirates (UAE) led the West
Asia region, accounting for 37% of the $55.5 billion total FDI inflow.
 In the context of foreign direct investment (FDI), the UAE led the
MENA region and accounted for 31% of the $66.6 billion in FDI invested
there overall, turning it into the perfect spot for foreign investment.
(Economy, 2023)
 The United Arab Emirates is renowned for its political stability, which
creates a favorable environment for the operations of multinational
companies such as Apple. The likelihood of political instability, sudden
 changes in policy, or interruptions to business operations is reduced by
this stability. Additionally, it boosts investor confidence and draws
Apple's long-term investments and expansion plans to the UAE.

Economical:

 Apple Inc. in the United Arab Emirates benefits from the stable
economies of developed nations because they offer a consistent supply
chain, stable exchange rates, heightened consumer confidence, export
opportunities, and access to partnerships and investment. This stability
supports Apple's success and expansion in the UAE by ensuring
consistent product availability, predictable pricing, and a growing market
for the company's products.
 Apple's business in the United Arab Emirates is benefiting from the swift
economic expansion of developing nations. It results in a growing
customer base, more chances for travel and business, a more diverse
market, investment opportunities, easy access to talent and innovation,
and more effective global supply chain operations. Together, these
elements strengthen Apple's position and expansion prospects in the UAE
market.
 The target market for Apple in the United Arab Emirates has unstable
disposable income, which can lead to erratic demand, price sensitivity,
thrown off sales cycles, cash flow problems, more competition, and
possible threats to Apple's loyalty and brand image. It may be more
difficult for Apple to sustain consistent sales and market share in the
UAE as a result of this economic factor. (Lombardo, 2023)

Social:

 A beneficial social factor for Apple is created by the UAE's shifting

demographics, which include a young population, diversity, urbanisation,
a digital lifestyle, and a focus on innovation and education. This dynamic
environment complements Apple's offerings and creates opportunities for
a more diverse and tech-savvy customer base.
 Apple faces challenges in adjusting to changing consumer preferences in
the United Arab Emirates. These difficulties include keeping up with the
quick pace of technological advancement, competing with regional
brands, satisfying customer requests for customization and localization,
addressing ethical and environmental issues, adapting to changes in
product specifications, handling price sensitivity, navigating competition
from other tech ecosystems, and controlling the influence of social media.
 Apple must effectively address these issues if it hopes to stay competitive
in the market.
 Apple faces a challenge in raising awareness of mental health issues
because it must make sure that its products do not exacerbate mental
health issues. For instance, there have been worries that social media use
can contribute to anxiety and depression. In response, Apple has included
features like Screen Time that are intended to support mental health in its
products. (Pereira, 2023)

Technological:

 The United Arab Emirates has made substantial investments in

developing a strong technological infrastructure, which includes cutting
edge telecommunications networks and high-speed internet connectivity.
With this state of the art infrastructure, Apple can provide its services and
products like App Store downloads and iCloud storage without
interruption. These features rely on a dependable and quick internet
connection.
 The use of smart devices, such as tablets and smartphones, is very
common in the United Arab Emirates. Given that these devices make up
the majority of Apple's product line, this market is appealing to the
company. The widespread use of smart devices suggests that there is a
market for Apple products.
 One essential part of Apple's ecosystem is the App Store. The UAE's
technological climate, which is marked by a high rate of smartphone
usage, promotes the creation and use of apps. Users find the ecosystem
more appealing because it supports local content and has apps available
in Arabic. (Lombardo, 2023)

Legal:

 The UAE government has been passing and carrying out environmental
regulations to promote sustainability. Apple stands to benefit from these
regulations, as the company has committed to environmental
responsibility. By using sustainable materials and reducing its carbon
footprint, the company complies with legal requirements for
environmental preservation.
 In many nations, laws about data privacy are getting stricter. Apple must
abide by these rules to safeguard the information of its clients. For
instance, a law recently passed by the European Union mandates that
 businesses get users' consent before collecting their data. In response,
Apple updated its privacy policies to adhere to the new legislation
 Apple faces several challenges related to data protection laws in the
United Arab Emirates, such as intricate compliance requirements,
safeguarding user privacy, localizing data, facilitating cross-border data
transfers, obtaining consent, modifying user interfaces, reporting data
breaches, facing severe penalties for non-compliance, and managing
constantly changing global regulations. To protect user data and maintain
legal compliance, Apple must carefully abide by these laws while
addressing the challenges of a global operating environment. (Pereira,
2023)

Environmental:

 The UAE's environmental factor relates to conservation and sustainability

initiatives. Apple's plans for solar-powered data centres demonstrate their
alignment with the UAE's commitment to renewable energy.
Additionally, it supports the UAE's green building standards in its retail
locations and complies with e-waste regulations, encouraging responsible
device recycling. Apple's eco-friendly supply chain programs cut waste
and water use. Apple has demonstrated its commitment to environmental
responsibility by adopting these practices, which align with the UAE's
aspirations for a sustainable and environmentally conscious future.
 For the purpose of promoting sustainability and lowering its carbon
footprint, the UAE has been investing in solar and other renewable
energy sources. Apple can support this environmental movement by using
clean energy sources to power all of its buildings, including data centres
and retail locations. This not only reflects Apple's dedication to
environmental stewardship, but it also advances the UAE's aspirations for
a more environmentally conscious and sustainable future.

According to phương trương (2017), there are several positive and negative
factors that impacts the macro environment of Apple, some of them are:

Political factors:

Positive impacts: Political factors can benefit Apple Inc. when governments
pass laws that encourage innovation and corporate expansion. For instance,
Apple may be persuaded to invest in R&D by advantageous tax laws and
incentives. International trade agreements that lower tariffs and other barriers
may also make it simpler for Apple to enter foreign markets, which will help the
company grow its clientele and improve the efficiency of its supply chain. Such
political backing may help Apple achieve global success and profitability.

Negative impacts: When governments enact laws or take other actions that
make things difficult, negative political factors can hurt Apple Inc. For example,
antitrust litigation and investigations, like the one involving the App Store, may
result in court cases and even modifications to corporate policies. Geopolitical
unrest and trade disputes may also affect Apple's access to important markets
and the worldwide supply chain, raising costs and uncertainties. Such political
obstacles may have a detrimental effect on Apple's business practices, financial
performance, and market share. (trương, 2017)

Economic Factors:

Positive impacts: Apple Inc. can profit from economic factors that increase
consumer spending and open up international markets. For example, a rise in
consumer disposable income during economic downturns drives up demand for
Apple products, including MacBooks and iPhones. Exchange rates that are
favourable can also lower the price of Apple products in foreign markets, which
will increase sales worldwide. These economic variables help Apple grow its
revenue and profit margins because it taps into both local and foreign consumer
markets, especially when the economy is doing well.

Negative impacts: Apple Inc. may face negative economic effects that result in
lower consumer spending and higher expenses. Similar to recessions, economic
downturns can result in decreased consumer spending power, which can affect
the market for Apple's high-end goods and possibly lower sales. Furthermore,
growing manufacturing costs and inflation may reduce Apple's profit margins
and have an impact on the company's overall profitability. Apple's ability to
maintain its pricing strategy and high profit margins may be hampered by
economic challenges, which could ultimately affect the company's financial
performance. (trương, 2017)

Social Factors:

Positive impacts: Apple Inc.'s influence in promoting environmental

sustainability is a positive social factor. Apple has achieved great progress in
utilising renewable energy sources, lowering its carbon footprint, and promoting
recycling. For example, customers can trade in their old devices for credit or
responsibly recycle them through the "Apple GiveBack" programme. This will
help Apple's brand and draw in customers who care about social issues by
meeting the rising expectations of consumers for environmentally friendly
business practises. Such green initiatives have a positive macroenvironmental
impact on Apple's brand image as well as society.

Negative impacts: Concerns about labour practises in Apple Inc.'s supply chain
are one of the company's negative social factors. Public outcry and protests have
resulted from reports of subpar working conditions and low pay at some of
Apple's suppliers, including Foxconn, harming the company's reputation. For
example, there has been criticism of claims of excessive overtime and
insufficient worker protections. This demonstrates the significance of social
responsibility in the larger context, where moral questions regarding labour
practise can result in harm to one's reputation and negative consumer feedback
(trương, 2017)

Technological Factors:

Positive impacts: An advantageous technological development affecting Apple

Inc. is the increasing uptake of 5G networks. A new market is opened up by the
development of 5G technology for Apple products like the iPhone. This
advancement improves the user experience overall by enabling faster data
speeds, lower latency, and improved connectivity. Apple is in a good position to
draw in tech-savvy customers searching for cutting-edge connectivity and
capabilities if it can capitalize on this trend and release 5G-enabled products.
This will increase the company's sales and market share in the macro
environment.

Negative impacts: Cybersecurity threats and the possibility of intellectual

property theft are two detrimental technological factors that Apple Inc. must
deal with. Because of its highly sought-after inventions and product designs,
Apple is a target for theft of intellectual property. For example, there has been a
negative effect from cases of stolen proprietary software and counterfeit Apple
products. Furthermore, Apple's reputation could be harmed by hacks into the
company's systems or leaks of customer data, which would erode consumer
confidence. The necessity for strong security measures in the macro
environment to safeguard Apple's customer data and intellectual property is
highlighted by these technological threats.

Legal Factor:

Positive impacts: The defence of Apple Inc.'s intellectual property rights

through patents and trademarks is a favourable legal factor. Apple's cutting-
edge product designs and technologies have earned it multiple patents. For
example, Apple has been able to lawfully defend its market share and
competitive advantage thanks to its patented features, like the multi-touch
interface and unique design of the iPhone. In the macro environment, these legal
safeguards ensure Apple's continuous market dominance by acting as a barrier
to entry for rivals.

Negative impact: The scrutiny and legal challenges associated with antitrust
regulations are a negative legal factor that Apple Inc. must contend with.
Regarding its App Store policies and claims of anti-competitive behaviour,
Apple has been the target of inquiries, litigation, and investigations. For
instance, the European Union opened an investigation into Apple's App Store,
which might result in significant fines and legal limitations. These legal issues
highlight the legal pressures Apple faces in the macro environment and have the
potential to disrupt the company's business model, increase compliance costs,
and harm Apple's reputation.

Environmental Factor:

Positive impacts: Apple Inc.'s dedication to sustainable sourcing and renewable

energy is a positive environmental factor. To power its data centres and
facilities, Apple has made significant investments in renewable energy projects,
including wind and solar farms. For instance, the business' Apple Park corporate
headquarters uses only renewable energy. In the big picture, Apple's
commitment to environmental sustainability lowers its carbon footprint while
also attracting environmentally conscious customers, boosting the company's
reputation and drawing in a socially conscious clientele.

Negative impacts: Managing electronic waste is a challenge that Apple Inc.

faces in the environmental domain. E-waste is produced in part by the quick
speed of technological innovation and regular product upgrades. For instance,
disposing of outdated or broken Apple devices can put a pressure on waste
management systems and give rise to worries about how discarded electronics
will affect the environment. This issue emphasizes the larger environmental
issues the tech industry poses in the macro environment and puts pressure on
Apple to support recycling and responsible product disposal.
6. SWOT Analysis:
Apple Inc. is one of the most prosperous businesses in the world. The business
has been offering excellent software services and reliable technology products.
Jobs founded Apple, which has its headquarters in Cupertino, California. In
1976, Apple released the "Apple 1 computer," their debut product. Since then,
Apple's portfolio of goods and services has expanded dramatically. Here is a
thorough examination of Apple's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats.

Pereira (2023) stated that there are several strengths and weaknesses that
lie within apple, they are:

STRENGTHS:

 One of the main reasons Apple Inc. is one of the most valuable brands in
the world is its strong brand. Due to its reputation for quality, innovation,
and user-friendliness, the company has amassed a loyal following of
customers around the world. Apple's robust brand image contributes to its
market leadership and financial success by allowing it to demand higher
prices for its products, foster customer loyalty, and sustain a competitive
advantage in the technology industry.
 Apple Inc. leads in technology thanks to its robust app ecosystem,
ecosystem integration, user-friendly interface, and continuous innovation.
The company's technological advantages are further reinforced by its
dedication to privacy and security, its hardware that is custom-designed,
its global retail presence, its sustainable practices, and its robust
developer support. This, along with its sound financial standing,
establishes Apple as a market leader in technology. (Pereira, 2023)

WEAKNESSES:
 Apple's expensive products can be a liability even though they are a sign
of luxury and high quality. This premium pricing approach may reduce
market share and alienate consumers who are concerned about costs.
Affordability is a key consideration in competitive markets, and some
consumers might choose less expensive options, which would limit
Apple's market expansion and hinder its ability to reach a wider audience.
 Devices and software from non-Apple companies frequently cause
compatibility issues with Apple's ecosystem. This tactic encourages brand
 loyalty but restricts the flexibility of the user. It can be frustrating for
users to have trouble integrating their Apple devices with non-Apple
products. On the other hand, consumers looking for customization and
interoperability may find greater options in rivals' more open systems.
(Pereira, 2023)

Gupta (2023) suggests that Apple faces numerous opportunities as well as

threats in its journey, some of which are:

OPPORTUNITIES:

 Apple's steady increase in customer base offers prospects for market

expansion. The business can investigate unexplored demographics and
develop markets to customize goods and services for new clientele.
Through this expansion, Apple is also able to fortify its position in the
world and improve brand awareness, which could lead to an increase in
market share and income in undeveloped areas.
 Apple offers opportunities for diversification through its extensive
distribution network. The business can investigate new service or product
categories while utilizing well-established channels to reach clients.
Investigating new markets and adjusting to shifting consumer trends can
help Apple diversify its revenue sources and become less dependent on
any one product category. (Gupta, 2023)

THREATS:

 Apple faces a threat from growing competition since competitors are

always coming up with new ideas and attractive alternatives. Intense
rivalry has the ability to reduce market share, which may have an effect
on earnings. Additionally, it might force prices lower, which would have
an impact on Apple's premium pricing approach. Sustaining a
competitive edge in today's market demands ongoing innovation and
customer retention initiatives.
 Apple is vulnerable to market penetration since it dominates developed
markets. Maintaining strong growth rates is a challenge because the
majority of prospective customers already own Apple products. This may
result in fewer sales opportunities and a stronger need for recurring
business and service subscriptions. Apple needs to concentrate on
developing markets and new customer segments to counter this threat.
(Gupta, 2023)
7. Internal and External Analysis of Apple:

Internal: The success of Apple Inc. can be attributed to a special combination

of external opportunities and internal strengths, balanced by external threats and
internal weaknesses. Apple's success has been fueled internally by innovative
merchandise design and creative thinking, with the Macintosh and its integrated
framework serving as solid performance pillars. Apple's ability to maintain a
distinctive image in personal computer processing and entertainment is further
evidence of this internal approach. Major competencies like "Special funds" and
a distinct "Delineation approach," along with its well-organized hardware and
software, contribute to Apple's internal strengths. Apple's capacity to develop
and produce ground-breaking products is demonstrated by the advent of "Insert
and Play" substitutes and the legendary iPod, which is representative of the
digital age. The company's motto, "Imagine Different," highlights its
commitment to innovation, and its emphasis on its "Price Proposition"
distinguishes it from rivals. Apple still has internal issues in spite of these
advantages, most notably a pricing policy that limits access to those with higher
incomes. Increased funding for research and development was brought on by
problems with compatibility between IBM computers and Microsoft Office.
Concerns about cannibalization are raised by Apple's wide range of product
offerings, which could jeopardize intended revenue streams. (Ivypanda, 2022)

External: From the outside, Apple's entry into the "User Electronic Sector" has
been a huge success, especially with the iPhone and iPod, which are huge hits in
the entertainment industry. The trust and allegiance that customers have for
Apple's smart devices are important outside variables. Furthermore, Apple's
unique pricing strategy reflects the company's reaction to external market
dynamics, setting it apart from its competitors' low-cost offerings.

Apple's products face challenges from the external competitive landscape,

which is chcharacterizedy increased competition and threats from piracy. Yet,
Apple's uniqueness and the innovation of its technologically competitive
products allow it to command a premium in market share and generate above-
average returns. Consequently, this makes it possible for the business to benefit
from external market dynamics. Since Apple works in the high-tech industry,
outside variables like advancements in technology have a significant effect on
the company's operations. The company's resolve to successfully navigate such
external challenges is informed by its prior experience, which includes a well-
known battle with Microsoft. As Apple concentrates on a digital strategy that
gives priority to user-friendly devices and new innovations in the Wintel
marketplace, opportunities arise on the outside. Because of its significant
barriers to entry, Apple is able to offer its highly competent product portfolios at
premium prices by creating safe havens in these markets. The position of
Apple's primary component suppliers and their bargaining power in this external
environment can affect cost structures and profitability. External factors,
specifically Apple's involvement in the entertainment and digital markets, will
play a significant role in shaping the company's future success. Pressures from
the social and economic sphere are becoming more important outside variables
that will impact how well the business can handle upcoming difficulties.
(Ivypanda, 2022)

Strengths and Weaknesses interrelating with external macro

factors.

Apple's performance in the ever-changing technology market is largely

determined by its strengths and weaknesses, which are closely linked to external
macro factors. Apple has introduced ground-breaking products like the
Macintosh, iPhone, and iPod thanks to its innovative merchandise design and
strong internal capabilities. Apple's position in the personal computer and
consumer electronics industries has been cemented by these advancements.
Though the company's distinctive pricing strategy influences its market share
and pricing structure and is a strength in terms of positioning and brand image,
it can also be seen as a weakness because it restricts access for those with lower
incomes. Apple faces challenges with compatibility, which are an internal
weakness, as a result of external demands. These demands force Apple to
address compatibility standards in the broader market. Additionally, while
Apple's wide range of products is a strength, it also raises cannibalization
concerns, which highlights the importance of careful product portfolio
management.

Apple's creative design and innovation strengths are positively correlated with
external macro factors, such as consumer confidence and loyalty, which in turn
drive brand loyalty and success. In order to preserve its competitive advantage
and premium pricing, Apple must constantly innovate and differentiate its
products in the highly competitive external landscape. The external concern of
piracy is closely linked to Apple's internal need for continuous innovation and
creativity. Apple has a responsibility to protect its intellectual property from
these outside threats as a leader in the technology sector. Furthermore, Apple's
track record of adjusting to outside technological developments like its conflict
with Microsoft demonstrates its capacity for innovation and differentiation in
the face of shifting market conditions.
Apple's strengths and internal capabilities are in line with external opportunities
and entry barriers. Apple can maintain premium pricing because of its
distinctive product portfolio and significant capabilities, which complement
outside opportunities like the digital market and user-friendly devices. Cost
structures are directly impacted by negotiations with external suppliers, which is
in line with Apple's internal pricing strategy and profitability considerations.
The external environment's socioeconomic pressures will have a significant
impact on how effective Apple is going forward. These outside variables affect
consumer behavior and purchasing power, so Apple has to modify its
advantages and disadvantages to suit changing market conditions. Apple's
strategic choices and long-term success in the dynamic tech sector are shaped
by the complex interactions between these internal and external factors.

Effects of micro and macro on Apple:

Philip (2019) states that there are numerous macro and micro factors that
have an impact on apples objectives and decisions

The goals and choices made by Apple Inc. are significantly influenced by both
macro and micro factors. The company's pricing, market expansion, and product
innovation strategies are influenced by macroeconomic conditions, government
regulations, and technological trends.

One important macro factor that significantly affects Apple Inc.'s goals and
choices is the economy. Variations in the state of the world economy, including
recessions and economic expansion, affect consumer spending and the demand
for Apple products. Changes in exchange rates can have an impact on
international sales profitability and pricing. Apple needs to modify its goals and
pricing policies to successfully manage these economic factors. Another
important macro factor that significantly affects Apple Inc.'s goals and choices
is technological trends. Innovation and product development are Apple's
primary goals, driven by the rapid advancements in technology. To keep its
competitive edge, the business must constantly anticipate and adapt to new
technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), 5G, and augmented reality. In the
fast-paced tech sector, these trends influence Apple's product offerings, business
alliances, and investment choices. Another important macro factor that
significantly influences Apple Inc.'s goals and choices is government
regulations. Trade policies, data privacy, and antitrust laws are just a few of the
topics covered by these regulations. Apple's ability to access markets, compete,
and develop new products are all impacted by compliance and navigating the
legal environment. Government regulations influence Apple's strategic direction
by dictating decisions about things like content moderation and user data
security. (Philip, 2019)

Meanwhile, Apple's decisions about supply chain management, pricing, and

differentiation are influenced by micro-level factors like competitive
environment, consumer behavior, and supplier relationships. One important
micro factor that has a significant impact on Apple Inc.'s goals and choices is
the competitive environment. Pricing policies, promotional techniques, and
product innovation are shaped by competition with firms such as Google and
Samsung. To achieve market leadership and sustain its corporate goals, Apple's
decision-making process must take into account competitors' moves and
preserve a competitive edge. another important micro factor that significantly
influences Apple Inc.'s goals and choices is customer behavior. Product
development and marketing strategies revolve around recognizing and adapting
to shifting consumer preferences and purchasing behaviors. To guarantee
customer happiness and loyalty, Apple must constantly adjust to meet changing
customer demands for features, design, and user experience. This requires it to
make decisions about product design, pricing, and marketing. another key micro
factor that has a big impact on Apple Inc.'s goals and choices is supplier
relationships. A dependable supply chain requires strong alliances with
component manufacturers and suppliers like Foxconn. Problems with suppliers
may cause production to stall or stop altogether, which would affect Apple's
ability to manage its inventory and release schedules. Sustaining positive
relationships with suppliers is essential to achieving the company's goals of
timely delivery and high-quality products. (Philip, 2019)
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