Explanation Text Exercise 1

* Required

1. Name *

2. Class *

XII IPA 1

XII IPA 2

XII IPA 3

XII IPA 4

XII IPS 1

XII IPS 2
3. How Do People Get Infected by COVID-
19?

From the beginning of 2020, the world has been in an emergency

status following the outbreak of an infectious disease caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease,
known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as of today (May
2020) has killed 247 thousand people worldwide. There are 3.5 million
confirmed cases in 210 countries and territories around the world. But
how do people get infected by COVID-19?

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease; therefore, it is mainly transmitted

through "respiratory droplets", droplets of virus-laden mucus that are
ejected when symptomatic people sneeze or cough. To prevent these
droplets from falling on people is why it is advised for us to maintain
2-metre distance from each other. Wearing face masks is also
important to prevent ejection the droplets and reduce the chance of
incidentally inhaling them.

Transmission by contact is also a possible route of the infection. Viral

particles from the respiratory droplets land on an object, someone
touches the object, then touches their mouth, eyes, or nose. The virus
then slips into their body via their mucous membrane, infecting the
person.

More studies are still being conducted to this day to learn more about
the virus, how it is spread, and how to stop it. So far, the most
effective way to cut the routes of transmission is by maintaining
physical distance and avoiding prolonged contact.

Adopted from: https://brainly.co.id/tugas/27574319 * (5 Points)

Question: What is the topic of the passage?

Outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020

Studies on infect people by Covid-19

4. How Do People Get Infected by COVID-
19?

From the beginning of 2020, the world has been in an emergency

status following the outbreak of an infectious disease caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease,
known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as of today (May
2020) has killed 247 thousand people worldwide. There are 3.5 million
confirmed cases in 210 countries and territories around the world. But
how do people get infected by COVID-19?

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease; therefore, it is mainly transmitted

through "respiratory droplets", droplets of virus-laden mucus that are
ejected when symptomatic people sneeze or cough. To prevent these
droplets from falling on people is why it is advised for us to maintain
2-metre distance from each other. Wearing face masks is also
important to prevent ejection the droplets and reduce the chance of
incidentally inhaling them.

Transmission by contact is also a possible route of the infection. Viral

particles from the respiratory droplets land on an object, someone
touches the object, then touches their mouth, eyes, or nose. The virus
then slips into their body via their mucous membrane, infecting the
person.

More studies are still being conducted to this day to learn more about
the virus, how it is spread, and how to stop it. So far, the most
effective way to cut the routes of transmission is by maintaining
physical distance and avoiding prolonged contact.

Adopted from: https://brainly.co.id/tugas/27574319 * (5 Points)

Question: What is the purpose of the text?

To describe the way people spread the virus

To describe how people get infected by Covid-19

5. How Do People Get Infected by COVID-
19?

From the beginning of 2020, the world has been in an emergency

status following the outbreak of an infectious disease caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease,
known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as of today (May
2020) has killed 247 thousand people worldwide. There are 3.5 million
confirmed cases in 210 countries and territories around the world. But
how do people get infected by COVID-19?

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease; therefore, it is mainly transmitted

through "respiratory droplets", droplets of virus-laden mucus that are
ejected when symptomatic people sneeze or cough. To prevent these
droplets from falling on people is why it is advised for us to maintain
2-metre distance from each other. Wearing face masks is also
important to prevent ejection the droplets and reduce the chance of
incidentally inhaling them.

Transmission by contact is also a possible route of the infection. Viral

particles from the respiratory droplets land on an object, someone
touches the object, then touches their mouth, eyes, or nose. The virus
then slips into their body via their mucous membrane, infecting the
person.

More studies are still being conducted to this day to learn more about
the virus, how it is spread, and how to stop it. So far, the most
effective way to cut the routes of transmission is by maintaining
physical distance and avoiding prolonged contact.

Adopted from: https://brainly.co.id/tugas/27574319 * (5 Points)

Question: There were … of people killed due to the outbreak.

Tens of thousand

Hundred thousands
6. How Do People Get Infected by COVID-
19?

From the beginning of 2020, the world has been in an emergency

status following the outbreak of an infectious disease caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease,
known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as of today (May
2020) has killed 247 thousand people worldwide. There are 3.5 million
confirmed cases in 210 countries and territories around the world. But
how do people get infected by COVID-19?

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease; therefore, it is mainly transmitted

through "respiratory droplets", droplets of virus-laden mucus that are
ejected when symptomatic people sneeze or cough. To prevent these
droplets from falling on people is why it is advised for us to maintain
2-metre distance from each other. Wearing face masks is also
important to prevent ejection the droplets and reduce the chance of
incidentally inhaling them.

Transmission by contact is also a possible route of the infection. Viral

particles from the respiratory droplets land on an object, someone
touches the object, then touches their mouth, eyes, or nose. The virus
then slips into their body via their mucous membrane, infecting the
person.

More studies are still being conducted to this day to learn more about
the virus, how it is spread, and how to stop it. So far, the most
effective way to cut the routes of transmission is by maintaining
physical distance and avoiding prolonged contact.

Adopted from: https://brainly.co.id/tugas/27574319 * (5 Points)

Question: What media that transmits the virus to spread?

Money from other people

Air in air-conditioned room

7. Photosynthesis is the making of food by plants. It is one example of
how people and plants are dependent on each other in sustaining life.
Photosynthesis provides us with most of the oxygen we need in order
to breathe. We, in turn, exhale the carbon dioxide needed by plants.

Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants use energy from the

sun to transform water, carbon dioxide and minerals into oxygen and
organic compounds. The essential ingredients in making this food are
sunlight, the chlorophyll that is present in green plants, water and
carbon dioxide in the air. Photosynthesis happens when water is
absorbed by the roots of green plants and is carried to the leaves by
the xylem (tubes that carry water).

Carbon dioxide is obtained from air that enters the leaves through the
stomata and diffuses to the cells containing chlorophyll. The green
pigment chlorophyll is uniquely capable of converting the active
energy of light into a latent from that can be stored (in food) and
used when needed. Sunlight is used to break down the water in plants
into oxygen which the plant gives off and we use to breathe. The
hydrogen is then used with carbon dioxide to create food for the
plants and ultimately food for animals as well.

Taken from Detik 14/15, p. 118 * (5 Points)

What is the purpose of the text?

To describe the functions of photosynthesis.

To describe substances needed for photosynthesis.

To persuade people about the importance of photosynthesis.

8. Photosynthesis is the making of food by plants. It is one example of
how people and plants are dependent on each other in sustaining life.
Photosynthesis provides us with most of the oxygen we need in order
to breathe. We, in turn, exhale the carbon dioxide needed by plants.

Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants use energy from the

sun to transform water, carbon dioxide and minerals into oxygen and
organic compounds. The essential ingredients in making this food are
sunlight, the chlorophyll that is present in green plants, water and
carbon dioxide in the air. Photosynthesis happens when water is
absorbed by the roots of green plants and is carried to the leaves by
the xylem (tubes that carry water).

Carbon dioxide is obtained from air that enters the leaves through the
stomata and diffuses to the cells containing chlorophyll. The green
pigment chlorophyll is uniquely capable of converting the active
energy of light into a latent from that can be stored (in food) and
used when needed. Sunlight is used to break down the water in plants
into oxygen which the plant gives off and we use to breathe. The
hydrogen is then used with carbon dioxide to create food for the
plants and ultimately food for animals as well.

Taken from Detik 14/15, p. 118 * (5 Points)

What is used to break down water in the plant into oxygen?

Minerals.

Chlorophyll.

Hydrogen.
9. Photosynthesis is the making of food by plants. It is one example of
how people and plants are dependent on each other in sustaining life.
Photosynthesis provides us with most of the oxygen we need in order
to breathe. We, in turn, exhale the carbon dioxide needed by plants.

Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants use energy from the

sun to transform water, carbon dioxide and minerals into oxygen and
organic compounds. The essential ingredients in making this food are
sunlight, the chlorophyll that is present in green plants, water and
carbon dioxide in the air. Photosynthesis happens when water is
absorbed by the roots of green plants and is carried to the leaves by
the xylem (tubes that carry water).

Carbon dioxide is obtained from air that enters the leaves through the
stomata and diffuses to the cells containing chlorophyll. The green
pigment chlorophyll is uniquely capable of converting the active
energy of light into a latent from that can be stored (in food) and
used when needed. Sunlight is used to break down the water in plants
into oxygen which the plant gives off and we use to breathe. The
hydrogen is then used with carbon dioxide to create food for the
plants and ultimately food for animals as well.

Taken from Detik 14/15, p. 118 * (5 Points)

From the text we know that....

water is carried to the leaves by the stem

plants need the carbon dioxide we exhale for photosynthesis

carbon dioxide diffuses to the cells containing pigments

10. Photosynthesis is the making of food by plants. It is one example of
how people and plants are dependent on each other in sustaining life.
Photosynthesis provides us with most of the oxygen we need in order
to breathe. We, in turn, exhale the carbon dioxide needed by plants.

Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants use energy from the

sun to transform water, carbon dioxide and minerals into oxygen and
organic compounds. The essential ingredients in making this food are
sunlight, the chlorophyll that is present in green plants, water and
carbon dioxide in the air. Photosynthesis happens when water is
absorbed by the roots of green plants and is carried to the leaves by
the xylem (tubes that carry water).

Carbon dioxide is obtained from air that enters the leaves through the
stomata and diffuses to the cells containing chlorophyll. The green
pigment chlorophyll is uniquely capable of converting the active
energy of light into a latent from that can be stored (in food) and
used when needed. Sunlight is used to break down the water in plants
into oxygen which the plant gives off and we use to breathe. The
hydrogen is then used with carbon dioxide to create food for the
plants and ultimately food for animals as well.

Taken from Detik 14/15, p. 118 * (5 Points)

“The green pigment chlorophyll is uniquely capable of converting the active energy
of light ....” (P. 3)
What is the synonym of the underlined word?

Storing.

Transforming
11. Have you ever seen a rain of, not water, but balls of ice? It is what we
call hail.

Hail is precipitation in the form of large balls or lumps of ice.

Hailstones begin as small ice particles that enlarge primarily by
acceleration. To enlarge, they require abundant water droplets. As a
hailstone moves up and down through a storm, it collides with water
droplets, growing larger with each collision. Hailstones can be as large
as oranges and grapefruits.

When a hailstone is cut in half, you can see rings of ice. Some rings
are milky white, others are clear. This ringed structure suggests that a
hailstone can grow by two different processes, wet growth and dry
growth.

In wet growth, the hailstone is in a region of the storm where the air
temperature is below freezing, but not super cold. When a hailstone
collides with a drop of water, the water does not freeze on the ice
immediately. Instead, the liquid water spreads over the hailstones and
slowly freezes. Because water freezes slowly, air bubbles can escape,
resulting in a layer of clear ice.

Dry growth of hailstones occurs when the air temperature is well

below freezing. In these conditions a water droplet freeze immediately
as it collides with a hailstone. This quick freezing leads to air bubbles
‘frozen’ in place, leaving cloudy ice.

Taken from Detik 14/15, p. 137 * (5 Points)

How does a hailstone grow larger?

it is spread from water droplets.

It collides with water droplets.

12. Have you ever seen a rain of, not water, but balls of ice? It is what we
call hail.

Hail is precipitation in the form of large balls or lumps of ice.

Hailstones begin as small ice particles that enlarge primarily by
acceleration. To enlarge, they require abundant water droplets. As a
hailstone moves up and down through a storm, it collides with water
droplets, growing larger with each collision. Hailstones can be as large
as oranges and grapefruits.

When a hailstone is cut in half, you can see rings of ice. Some rings
are milky white, others are clear. This ringed structure suggests that a
hailstone can grow by two different processes, wet growth and dry
growth.

In wet growth, the hailstone is in a region of the storm where the air
temperature is below freezing, but not super cold. When a hailstone
collides with a drop of water, the water does not freeze on the ice
immediately. Instead, the liquid water spreads over the hailstones and
slowly freezes. Because water freezes slowly, air bubbles can escape,
resulting in a layer of clear ice.

Dry growth of hailstones occurs when the air temperature is well

below freezing. In these conditions a water droplet freeze immediately
as it collides with a hailstone. This quick freezing leads to air bubbles
‘frozen’ in place, leaving cloudy ice.

Taken from Detik 14/15, p. 137 * (5 Points)

Hailstone can be clear in wet growth because ....

water freezes slowly and air bubbles escape

hailstone collide with the water droplets

13. Have you ever seen a rain of, not water, but balls of ice? It is what we
call hail.

Hail is precipitation in the form of large balls or lumps of ice.

Hailstones begin as small ice particles that enlarge primarily by
acceleration. To enlarge, they require abundant water droplets. As a
hailstone moves up and down through a storm, it collides with water
droplets, growing larger with each collision. Hailstones can be as large
as oranges and grapefruits.

When a hailstone is cut in half, you can see rings of ice. Some rings
are milky white, others are clear. This ringed structure suggests that a
hailstone can grow by two different processes, wet growth and dry
growth.

In wet growth, the hailstone is in a region of the storm where the air
temperature is below freezing, but not super cold. When a hailstone
collides with a drop of water, the water does not freeze on the ice
immediately. Instead, the liquid water spreads over the hailstones and
slowly freezes. Because water freezes slowly, air bubbles can escape,
resulting in a layer of clear ice.

Dry growth of hailstones occurs when the air temperature is well

below freezing. In these conditions a water droplet freeze immediately
as it collides with a hailstone. This quick freezing leads to air bubbles
‘frozen’ in place, leaving cloudy ice.

Taken from Detik 14/15, p. 137 * (5 Points)

From the text we can infer that ....

A hailstone only grows in the wet

A layer of clear ice is formed in dry growth

14. Have you ever seen a rain of, not water, but balls of ice? It is what we
call hail.

Hail is precipitation in the form of large balls or lumps of ice.

Hailstones begin as small ice particles that enlarge primarily by
acceleration. To enlarge, they require abundant water droplets. As a
hailstone moves up and down through a storm, it collides with water
droplets, growing larger with each collision. Hailstones can be as large
as oranges and grapefruits.

When a hailstone is cut in half, you can see rings of ice. Some rings
are milky white, others are clear. This ringed structure suggests that a
hailstone can grow by two different processes, wet growth and dry
growth.

In wet growth, the hailstone is in a region of the storm where the air
temperature is below freezing, but not super cold. When a hailstone
collides with a drop of water, the water does not freeze on the ice
immediately. Instead, the liquid water spreads over the hailstones and
slowly freezes. Because water freezes slowly, air bubbles can escape,
resulting in a layer of clear ice.

Dry growth of hailstones occurs when the air temperature is well

below freezing. In these conditions a water droplet freeze immediately
as it collides with a hailstone. This quick freezing leads to air bubbles
‘frozen’ in place, leaving cloudy ice.

Taken from Detik 14/15, p. 137 * (5 Points)

'This quick freezing leads to air bubbles ....’ (paragraph 4)
The underlined word is closest in meaning to ....

causes

collects
15. Jellyfish are boneless creatures that float freely through the world’s
oceans. Despite the name, jellyfish are not actually the fish, but are
instead classed as a separate species as they are unlike any other
animals on earth.

Although jellyfish exist in our oceans worldwide, they are particularly

prominent in coastal areas. The most common being the big, colourful
ones found in warmer coastal areas.

Jellyfish can be found in all shapes and sizes, from just a few inches in
diameter to well over a metre. There are thought to be around 2,000
different species of jellyfish. There are four different types of jellyfish
that are categorised by their shapes and the way in which they
behave. The box jellyfish, found in the oceans around Australia.

The body of jellyfish is made up of a non-living jellylike substance

called mesoglea. This jelly is surrounded by a layer of skin that is just
one cell thick. The body of jellyfish is mainly made up of water, around
90% in fact.

Jellyfish also have tentacles around their mouths that vary in length
depending on the species of jellyfish, which are used to catch and
sting their preys. The tentacles of jelly fish are covered in skin that
contains special cells at an alarming rate so they are effectively
disposable to the jellyfish. A few jellyfish stings contain toxin which
they use to sting and kill prey.

Taken from Detik 15/16, p. 80 * (5 Points)

The purpose of the text is ....

to describe how to survive from jellyfish sting

to amuse people about certain jellyfish

to relate people’s suffering when stung by jellyfish

16. Jellyfish are boneless creatures that float freely through the world’s
oceans. Despite the name, jellyfish are not actually the fish, but are
instead classed as a separate species as they are unlike any other
animals on earth.

Although jellyfish exist in our oceans worldwide, they are particularly

prominent in coastal areas. The most common being the big, colourful
ones found in warmer coastal areas.

Jellyfish can be found in all shapes and sizes, from just a few inches in
diameter to well over a metre. There are thought to be around 2,000
different species of jellyfish. There are four different types of jellyfish
that are categorised by their shapes and the way in which they
behave. The box jellyfish, found in the oceans around Australia.

The body of jellyfish is made up of a non-living jellylike substance

called mesoglea. This jelly is surrounded by a layer of skin that is just
one cell thick. The body of jellyfish is mainly made up of water, around
90% in fact.

Jellyfish also have tentacles around their mouths that vary in length
depending on the species of jellyfish, which are used to catch and
sting their preys. The tentacles of jelly fish are covered in skin that
contains special cells at an alarming rate so they are effectively
disposable to the jellyfish. A few jellyfish stings contain toxin which
they use to sting and kill prey.

Taken from Detik 15/16, p. 80 * (5 Points)

Who do you think will most likely pay attention to the text?

Fish lovers

Sea creatures

Fishmongers
17. Jellyfish are boneless creatures that float freely through the world’s
oceans. Despite the name, jellyfish are not actually the fish, but are
instead classed as a separate species as they are unlike any other
animals on earth.

Although jellyfish exist in our oceans worldwide, they are particularly

prominent in coastal areas. The most common being the big, colourful
ones found in warmer coastal areas.

Jellyfish can be found in all shapes and sizes, from just a few inches in
diameter to well over a metre. There are thought to be around 2,000
different species of jellyfish. There are four different types of jellyfish
that are categorised by their shapes and the way in which they
behave. The box jellyfish, found in the oceans around Australia.

The body of jellyfish is made up of a non-living jellylike substance

called mesoglea. This jelly is surrounded by a layer of skin that is just
one cell thick. The body of jellyfish is mainly made up of water, around
90% in fact.

Jellyfish also have tentacles around their mouths that vary in length
depending on the species of jellyfish, which are used to catch and
sting their preys. The tentacles of jelly fish are covered in skin that
contains special cells at an alarming rate so they are effectively
disposable to the jellyfish. A few jellyfish stings contain toxin which
they use to sting and kill prey.

Taken from Detik 15/16, p. 80 * (5 Points)

From the text we can conclude that ....

Jellyfish are small and boneless

The tentacles are only used to sting

Jellyfish is not a fish

18. Jellyfish are boneless creatures that float freely through the world’s
oceans. Despite the name, jellyfish are not actually the fish, but are
instead classed as a separate species as they are unlike any other
animals on earth.

Although jellyfish exist in our oceans worldwide, they are particularly

prominent in coastal areas. The most common being the big, colourful
ones found in warmer coastal areas.

Jellyfish can be found in all shapes and sizes, from just a few inches in
diameter to well over a metre. There are thought to be around 2,000
different species of jellyfish. There are four different types of jellyfish
that are categorised by their shapes and the way in which they
behave. The box jellyfish, found in the oceans around Australia.

The body of jellyfish is made up of a non-living jellylike substance

called mesoglea. This jelly is surrounded by a layer of skin that is just
one cell thick. The body of jellyfish is mainly made up of water, around
90% in fact.

Jellyfish also have tentacles around their mouths that vary in length
depending on the species of jellyfish, which are used to catch and
sting their preys. The tentacles of jelly fish are covered in skin that
contains special cells at an alarming rate so they are effectively
disposable to the jellyfish. A few jellyfish stings contain toxin which
they use to sting and kill prey.

Taken from Detik 15/16, p. 80 * (5 Points)

What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

what color of jellyfish is

how big jellyfish is

how jellyfish live

19. The reason volcanoes are formed is because the temperature under
the surface of the earth becomes hotter and hotter the deeper it gets.
At a depth of about twenty miles, it is hot enough to melt most rocks

When rocks melt, it expands and needs a lot more space. In other
areas of the world mountains are being uplifted The pressure is not so
great under these rising mountain ranges and so a reservoir of melted
rock known as ‘magma’ may form underneath them.

This molten rock rises along cracks formed on the uplift. When the
pressure in the reservoir becomes greater than the roof of rock over it,
it erupts as a volcano.

During the eruption, hot gaseous liquid, or solid material is actually

blown out. The material piles up around the opening and a cone-
shaped mound is formed. The cone is the result of a volcano

Taken from Detik 14/15 p 80 * (5 Points)

The purpose of the text is ....

to relate people’s suffer because of eruptions

to describe how to survive from eruptions

to describe what volcano is

to explain how volcanoes are formed

d l b d d
20. The reason volcanoes are formed is because the temperature under
the surface of the earth becomes hotter and hotter the deeper it gets.
At a depth of about twenty miles, it is hot enough to melt most rocks

When rocks melt, it expands and needs a lot more space. In other
areas of the world mountains are being uplifted The pressure is not so
great under these rising mountain ranges and so a reservoir of melted
rock known as ‘magma’ may form underneath them.

This molten rock rises along cracks formed on the uplift. When the
pressure in the reservoir becomes greater than the roof of rock over it,
it erupts as a volcano.

During the eruption, hot gaseous liquid, or solid material is actually

blown out. The material piles up around the opening and a cone-
shaped mound is formed. The cone is the result of a volcano

Taken from Detik 14/15 p 80 * (5 Points)

What is magma?

Earth hot surface.

Cracks formed in a mountain

Hot gaseous liquid.

Melted rocks

lid i li h h
21. The reason volcanoes are formed is because the temperature under
the surface of the earth becomes hotter and hotter the deeper it gets.
At a depth of about twenty miles, it is hot enough to melt most rocks

When rocks melt, it expands and needs a lot more space. In other
areas of the world mountains are being uplifted The pressure is not so
great under these rising mountain ranges and so a reservoir of melted
rock known as ‘magma’ may form underneath them.

This molten rock rises along cracks formed on the uplift. When the
pressure in the reservoir becomes greater than the roof of rock over it,
it erupts as a volcano.

During the eruption, hot gaseous liquid, or solid material is actually

blown out. The material piles up around the opening and a cone-
shaped mound is formed. The cone is the result of a volcano

Taken from Detik 14/15 p 80 * (5 Points)

What is the depth of the earth like?

It is deeper and hotter.

The air pressure is less than the surface’s.

We find piles of rocks.

It is frozen.

i f ll f k
 22. The reason volcanoes are formed is because the temperature under
the surface of the earth becomes hotter and hotter the deeper it gets.
At a depth of about twenty miles, it is hot enough to melt most rocks

When rocks melt, it expands and needs a lot more space. In other
areas of the world mountains are being uplifted The pressure is not so
great under these rising mountain ranges and so a reservoir of melted
rock known as ‘magma’ may form underneath them.

This molten rock rises along cracks formed on the uplift. When the
pressure in the reservoir becomes greater than the roof of rock over it,
it erupts as a volcano.

During the eruption, hot gaseous liquid, or solid material is actually

blown out. The material piles up around the opening and a cone-
shaped mound is formed. The cone is the result of a volcano

Taken from Detik 14/15 p 80 * (5 Points)

‘It erupts as a volcano.” (P. 3)
The underlined word refers to ....

a volcano

the magma reservoir

the pressure

the surface

h f

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