Unit 4 - 3D Printing - F
Unit 4 - 3D Printing - F
Unit 4 - 3D Printing - F
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What Is 3D Printing?
3D Printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process of making a physical
object from a three-dimensional digital model or a CAD model. It involves various
computer-controlled techniques in which material is joined or solidified to build an
actual object.
Typically, the material (such as powder grains or liquid molecules being fused together)
is added layer by layer at the millimeter scale. This is why 3D Printing is also called an
additive manufacturing process.
In the 1990s, 3D printing techniques were referred to as rapid prototyping. They were
suitable only for the fabrication of aesthetic or functional prototypes. Since then, we
have come a long way.
Slicer software takes a 3D CAD model which is generally an STL format file and
converts it into a g-code that gives commands to the printer.
ME-702 Advance Manfacuring Process By:- Rahul Singh (Asst Prof.)
Working Flow chart of 3D printing
Types/Processes Of 3D Printing
1. VAT Polymerization
a) Stereolithography (SLA)
b) Digital Light Processing (DLP)
c) Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP)
2. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
3. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
1. VAT Polymerization
It has a container filled with photopolymer resin, which is hardened with an
ultraviolet light source to create an object. The three most common forms of Vat
Polymerization are
1 a) Stereolithography (SLA) :-
SLA uses an ultraviolet laser to crosslink chemical monomers and oligomers to
form polymers that make up the body of a three-dimensional solid. While the process is
fast and can construct almost any structure.
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How does SLA 3D printing work ?
SLA 3D printing works by first positioning the build platform in the tank of
liquid photopolymer, at a distance of one layer height for the surface of the liquid.
A UV laser creates the next layer by selectively curing and solidifying the
photopolymer resin.
ME-702 Advance Manfacuring Process By:- Rahul Singh (Asst Prof.)
The laser beam is focused in a predetermined path using a set of mirrors, called
galvos. The whole cross-sectional area of the model is scanned, so the produced
part is fully solid.
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a powder bed printing technology It uses a laser
as the power source to sinter powdered material like polyamide or nylon. Here the term
sinter refers to the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by
applying pressure or heat without melting it to the point of liquefaction.
The SLS machine begins sintering each layer of part geometry into a heated bed
of nylon-based powder. After each layer is fused, a roller moves across the bed to
distribute the next layer of powder. The process is repeated layer by layer until the build
is complete.
ME-702 Advance Manfacuring Process By:- Rahul Singh (Asst Prof.)
Application of 3D printing
3D Printing has the wide Application in various fields. Some of them are
discussed · 1. Education · 2. Prototyping and Manufacturing · 3. Medicine · 4.
Construction · 5. Art and Jewelry.
I. First, a recoating blade spreads a thin layer of powder over the build platform.
II. Then, a carriage with inkjet nozzles (which are similar to the nozzles used in desktop 2D printers)
passes over the bed, selectively depositing droplets of a binding agent (glue) that bond the powder
particles together. In full-color Binder Jetting, the colored ink is also deposited during this step. The
size of each drop is approximately 80 μm in diameter, so good resolution can be achieved.
III. When the layer is complete, the build platform moves downwards and the blade re-coats the
surface. The process then repeats until the whole part is complete.
IV. After printing, the part is encapsulated in the powder and is left to cure and gain strength. Then
the part is removed from the powder bin and the unbound, excess powder is cleaned via pressurized
air.
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Continuous Liquid Interface Production(CLIP)