EXCURSION REPORT

OF

FSP IOI FUNDAMENTALS OF

SILVICULTURE

AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

UNIVERSITY

AFU, HETAUDA, MAKAWANPUR

SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
NAME: PRASHANT PAUDEL ASST. PROF.
ROLL: 44 RAMESH SILWAL
1ST SEMESTER AFU
(2080-2084) Faculty of Forestry
Htd. Makwanpur

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

SN. TITLE PAGE REMARK

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I want to share my gratitude to several individuals, who contributed by valuable time, guidance
which helps me to complete this report.
I want to share my heartfelt gratitude to Agriculture and Forestry University, Faculty of Forestry
and whole course instructor team for giving a golden opportunity by including such wonderful
excursion program in our silviculture course which has provided a great chance to gain new idea,
knowledge, views and also help to gain practical experiences.
I am deeply grateful for the support and guidance to our Assistant professor Ramesh Silwal sir.
In my every phase of excursion, his guidance, support towards us to complete excursion
perfectly, which help me to understand and gain knowledge with my full curiosity.
I want to extend my appreciation to all the staffs of laboratory who contributed to success of this
excursion by providing laboratory instruments which was very important to complete this
excursion.
I would also like to grant special thanks to Mr. Dev Prasad Neupane “Chairperson of Kankali
community forest”, Mr. Bedh Badhur Adhikari “Consultant member of Kankali community
forest”, Mr. Basanta Lama “member of depard community forest”, Mr. Santosh Adhikari “forest
guard of Gadhimahi collaborative” and Mr. Hari Bahadur “member of Gadhimahi collaborative
forest”.
My heartfelt thanks to Mr. Nikeet Pradhan for providing his valuable time, helps and support. I
am also thankful to my fellow friends for their collaboration, dedication and collective efforts in
making this project succeed.

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The excursion was done on 8th, 9th,10th and 11th of Falung, dividing into two groups including
whole students of 1st semester of BSC forestry along with our professor Ramesh Silwal sir. On
the first day of excursion we went to Kankali community forest and depard community forest
and next day we have been to Gadhimahi collaborative forest.
At first, we went to Kankali forest and introduced with the chairperson Mr. Dev Prasad Neupane,
Mr. Bed Bahadur Adhikari “consultant member of kankali community forest”. We have
observed some posters with rules and regulation against illegal trafficking of animals and trees,
published according to the forest law. We have observed Kankali forest as a destination for
various possibilities such as eco-tourism spot, picnic spots, natural swimming pool and as well as
it has possibilities of tracking. As we moved towards the forest we have observed various species
such as cheuri, stris, sawi, yellow bamboo. We observed that thinning was done in distance of 25 m and
somewhere thinning was done according to situation of trees.
After kankall community forest we moved towards to Depard community forest which is situated in
manahari-6 Makwanpur. which covered 163.56 ha. of the total lands of forest. In 21 ha. area community
forest was managed in scientific ways. We found their mixed forest species are grown and harvested. The
mode of regeneration was done with the help of mother (i.e. Somewhere there is artificial regeneration
and there is somewhere Compost manure has been prepared from leaf litter or fallen leaves and wooden
debris which was 6 ft. deep and have 3 layers including 2 ft.
The next day we went to Gadhimahi collaborative forest which is located in Gadhimal ward no 1 of Bara
district which occupied 893.32 hectors of total land. At first, we assure the plot, we started doing the
tending started silviculture at first, thinning and pruning and also collect the cut trees and leaves. We get
the knowledge of using equipment in case of thinning, pruning and cleaning. We also clean below the
mother which help seed fallen tree directly to land and germinate faster without any disturbance. Finally,
I have also learned the method of harvesting selection of mother tree in proper places and tree for
harvesting. I also observed silviculture operations help to produce timber of good quality and prevent
from pest and insects.
Finally, all the main summary was about the proper utilization of theoretical knowledge in practical
fields.

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 INTRODUCTION
The excursion was based on the fundamental of silviculture (fsp101) from the
AFU, FOF, Hetauda under the excursion incharge Ass. Prof. Ramesh Silwal.
The excursion is about the implementation of theoretical knowledge into practical field. At first,
silviculture is the science and art of cultivating forest crops, the theory and practice of controlling
the establishment, composition and growth of forests. Especially methods of regenerations in
silviculture are of two types. They are natural regenerations and artificial regenerations.
Natural regenerations are defined as the renewal of forest crops by self-sown seeds or by other
vegetative parts such as coppice Shoot or Moot suckers.
Artificial regenerations are the renewal of a forest crop by sowing planting or other artificial
methods like sowing, planting, wilding Nursery and by planting seed and vegetative parts.
Likewise, a I want to also Introduce silvicultural treatments thinning, pruning, Lopping and by
doing release operations Thinning means the removal of individuals tree in an immature stand
for the purpose of increasing the growth rate of desired individuals. It helps to optimize nature 's
process and balance the utilization of forest.
Pruning: Another way of classifying the kind of cuttings in which green or dry branches are
removed from standing forest crops or trees for the purpose purposes of increasing the quality of
the final product.
Lopping: - Tree Lopping can be described as the method of pruning several segments of tree.
The lopping includes clearing limbs or branches away trunks short. or making the
Release Operations: - Release operations include the number of ways to manage vegetation:
manual, mechanical, biological, cultural and chemicals. Some ways of ideas operations are
weeding, cleaning, Liberation cutting use herbicides.
The above introduction clarifies the meaning of silviculture, types of regeneration i.e. Natural
regeneration and artificial regeneration and about release operations.
In the excursion, all the system of regeneration was practice, and silviculture treatments were
there in trees different sites of our two days excursion. This all above instructions introduce the
whole ways of silviculture.

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 OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the field visit are: -
 To find the difference between theoretical and practical observation.
 To know the ways of proper utilizations of natural resources.
 To welcome visitors who are excited to visit and enjoy beauty of forest.
 To know and get the knowledge of proper use of medicinal herbs that found in forest.
 To control illegal trafficking of timber, forest fire and controlling of bad human activities
which directly affect the forest.
 Proper utilization of tools in the field for doing different tending operations of
silviculture.
 To gain knowledge of the k measuring forest plot.
 To make the compost manure of the fallen leaves.
 To protect wildlife and plants.
 To apply silviculture treatment like thinning, pruning, cleaning which help to manage the
forest.
 To apply cultural and tending operations in certain forest area for the better growth of
desired tree species.

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 METHODOLOGY
Area: - On the first day of excursion we visited two community forest 1 st one is Kankali
community forest and 2nd is depard community forest. The Kankali community forest covers
749.13 ha of total lands which is situated in Chitwan, khairani, municipality -04 which is also the
foothill of mahabharat range. It is by a biodiverse ecosystem managed by the local people.
The second site of our first day excursion is depard community forest which is located in
Manahari -6, Makwanpur which occupied 163.56 ha. In 21 ha. area of depard community forest
scientific forest management system is applied.
On the 2nd day of excursion we went to Gadhimai collabrative forest located in Gadhimai ward -
01 of Bara district which occupied 898.32 hectors of total land. We selected our field nearer to
office, for the practice of various tending of silviculture.
Methods: - for the success of the excursion, we used different method of collecting information
like direct field observation, Demo showing and Question Answer with related authorities
Experience sharing and Presentation about the excursion was given by the authorized people of
kankali community forest, depad community forest and Gadimai collabarative forest which is
very important and fruit full for us.
Information was collected by following methods: -
1. Oral presentation.
2. field observation.
3. Group discussion and observation.
4. Teaching and learning process.
5. Data was also collected through field observation and various questionnaires regarding
the history.
6. Present condition applied silviculture techniques were asked to concerned members and
some information were gathered from standing iron boards.
7. By checking the website of forest community.

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 SITE OF OBSERVATION
Site 1: kankali community forest.
At first I observed kankali Community forest covers 749-13 ha. of total lands which is situated
Chitwan, khairani, muncipality -04, which is also foothill of Mahabharat range. The local people
of the corridor community and members that are of the that community Forest engaged to make
community forest as eco-tourisms area which also help to enhance the economic status of that
community forest and the local people nearer to that community forest. This kankali area is also
suitable for hiking and for enjoying the beauty of nature. The people of forest community
members the forest in well and in advance way.
The structure of soil of a Place of kankali forest also affect in vegetation Natural regeneration is
simple and common method of regeneration is also done to manage forest site. The comm- unity
forest member works with the local people for conserving forest, making eco-tourisms area.
hiking and also utilizing the herbal and medicinal plant found in this site with fully with the co-
ordination local people.
Site 2: Depard community forest
At first I observed in depard Community is that, this community forest covered 163.56 ha. which
is located in manahari-6, Makwanpur. In 21 ha. area I observed community is managed and
scientific forest system is applied. Scientific forest system is started from 2072 Bs I observed
there mixed forest species are grown and harvested. The natural mode of regeneration was done
with the help of mother tree. Compost manure has been prepared from leaf litter or fallen leaves
and wooden debris which was 6ft deep and have 3 layers including 2ft.
Site 3: (Gadhimai Collaborative forest)
The Gadhimai collaborative forest which is located in Gadhimahi ward 1 of Bara district which
occupied 898.32 hectors of total land At first I observed cleaned and managed plot and then
theory based silviculture applied as practice. After that plot is measured for the rending of
silviculture like cleaning at first, thinning and pruning and also collecting trees and leaves in the
cut place so that they would became the manure and couldn't harm the process of regeneration.
We used bill hook and see saw and many more equipment for cleaning, pruning and collecting.
Fallen trees and branches of tree. I observed the proper use of equipment in proper and safety
manner. I also that cleaning. below the mother sal tree is more Important for the germination of
new plant. The proper forest management is done by the community member by conducting
awareness and campaign related to forest conservation.
I have also learned method of harvesting, selection of mother trees in proper place, and tree for
ha- vested. I also observe silviculture operations help to products timber of good quality and
prevent from pest and insects that may cause hazards too.

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 KEY LEARNING
We have observed three sites in our two days excursion. We learn so many knowledge and Ideas
from all three sites I learned tending operation very import and for growth of trees maintaining
hygienic growth of forest. Local people were also Involve for the conservation of Forest,
Edaphic, topographic factors and climate factor plays an important role in development of forest
I have learn to proper use of techniques in field and way of utilizing skill in proper way in field.
The main is I learnt to work and collaborate on team with full of my curiosity.
I learnt about the hew, rare or endangered species of flora and fauna. Developing an appreciation
for nature and wildlife conservation is also the main point that learn by observing. I my- self
recognized the challenges and opportunities associated with balancing conservation and
livelihood needs in forest communities.

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 CONCLUSION
In excursion days, we visit three site in two days kankali Community forest, depard community
forest and Gadhimai collaborative forest. I saw floral and many faunas in different places of our
excursion like I saw yellow bamboo dear in Gadhimai collaborative forest, beautiful flower and
in rare species inf plants in three different places. I also saw picnic spot, swimming pool, parks
and beautiful views in kankali community forest, which is very important for Depard forest us.
In I conclude that time to time pruning, cleaning and pattern of regeneration is applied for the
maintenance of forest which help trees to grow faster and easily in effective ways. This help the
who- le forest strong and help us to be healthy by providing fresh and clean air. We also saw
making people manure from the dead and fallen leaves, branches of trees by disposing them in
compost pit which is prepared by the community members of depard community forest.
Overall, we know the ideas. knowledge and experience of using tools and equipment Which are
used for cleaning. pursuing, thinning and so on. we learned that it is important to everyone to
work together to take care of these forest, by doing things like keeping them clean, helping tree
grow well, and enjoying them responsibly.
At last I conclude we uses the forest resources in a systematic way we all fulfill our needs and
stay beauty and healthy for a long time.

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 RECOMMENDATIONS
At first, I want to thanks again to asst. prof Ramesh Silwal sir, for giving guidance for upcoming
excursion and tour I will like to receive same guidance from our Ramesh sir in the future
upcoming tour and excursion.
We need to include local people in forest decision. We saw how much they cared during our
visit, with So us It's important to involve Community member need to check the forest regularly
which help to protect them que working sincerely or not.
In the time of visiting forest by tourist people make them sure not to harm the forest in case of
enjoying I will like University authority to conduct field practices in other sites that distinguished
the different climatic zones. I will also like to proper management and recovery of tools which
very essentials to us. At last, I would like to balance which help more days excursion US to gain
more knowledge, ideas, views in upcoming days.

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ANNEXES

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