Q4 TLE CSS 10 Course Guide

Moodle Course Guide
10
QUARTER 4
EPP/ TLE/ TVL

Computer Systems Servicing
Technology & Livelihood Education 10 – Course Guide
Course Description
This is an introductory course that leads to a Computer Systems Servicing National

Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers seven (7) common competencies that a student ought
to possess: 1) application of quality standards, 2) computer operations; 3) performing
mensuration and calculation; 4) preparation and interpretation of technical drawing; 5) the
use of hand tools; 6) terminating and connecting electrical wiring and electronics circuits;
and 7) testing electronics components; and four (4) core competencies, namely, 1) installing
and configuring computer systems, 2.) setting up computer networks, 3) setting up computer
servers, and 4) maintaining and repairing computer systems and networks.
Content Standards
The learners demonstrate an understanding of concepts and principles in setting up
computer networks
Performance Standards
The learners shall be able to set up computer networks based established procedures
and system requirements for hardware
Learning Outcomes
This course contains six (6) modules which will help you understand more about the
concepts of installing and configuring computer systems. Each modules different learning
resources which consists overviews, presentations, videos and website that can be of help
to your understanding of the lessons. It also contains learning tasks that are needed to
accomplish at a specific duration. Each task are done to measure your competence as a
Computer System Servicing student. Listed below is the summary of learning task that are
needed to be done for fourth quarter.
2
Most Essential Learning

LESSON/ TOPIC Competencies Learning Task/ Application/Assessment Duration
Internet LO1.1. Plan cable • Learning Task 1.1: Pre-

Protocol routes in Assessment
accordance with
network design and • Learning Task 1.2: Word Hunt
actual installation
site • Learning Task 1.3: Acro-Name 5 days
• Learning Task 1.4: Let’s
Connect
Network LO1.3. Identify • Learning Task 2.1: Pre-

Devices necessary network Assessment
materials in
accordance with • Learning Task 2.2: Identify Me
established
procedures and • Learning Task 2.3: What do I
do? 5 days
check against
system
• Learning Task 2.4: Interpret
requirements Me
Network LO1.2 Determine
Topology cable routes in • Learning Task 3.1: Self-
accordance with Assessment
network design and • Learning Task 3.2: Look for
actual installation Me 5 days
site • Learning Task 3.3: Fill Me In
• Learning Task 3.4: Name the
Network
LO 1.3 Identify • Learning Task 4.1: Self-

Different necessary network Assessment
Types of materials in
Network accordance with • Learning Task 4.2: Pre-test
Cables established 5 days
• Learning Task 4.3:
procedures and
Multiple Choice
check against
system • Learning Task 4.4: Reflection
requirements
3
Different LO 1.3 Obtain tools, Learning Task 5.1: Self-Assessment

Tools equipment, and
In Networking testing devices Learning Task 5.2: Pre-test
needed for correct
Learning Task 5.3: Knowing Me
operation and safety
5 days
Learning Task 5.4: Reflection
1.9 Perform copper Learning Task 6.1: Self-

Cable cable splicing based Assessment
Configuration on Electronic
Industries Alliance/ Learning Task 6.2: Pre-test
Telecommunications 10 days
Industry Association Learning Task 6.3: What cable is
(EIA/TIA) standards for me
Learning Task 6.4: Run the cable
Expected Output
At the end of the quarter, you are expected to submit the following as your final
output in this course:
• E-Portfolio: Collection of your activities if ever given outside OLS.
• Final Integrated Performance Task: activities that are integrated across other
subject areas.
About the Development Team
4
5
Learning Resource 1.1 Overview
Computer Network Concepts
Computer networks are everywhere. You will find them in homes, offices,
factories, hospitals, leisure centers, etc. The network you have at home uses the same
networking technologies, protocols and services that are used in large corporate
networks and on the Internet. The only difference between them is the size. A home
network could have 1 to 20 devices while a corporate network could have thousands.
But how are they created? What technologies do they use?
In this lesson, you are able to understand more about the basic network concepts
specifically about Internet Protocol and Network Devices. For this week, we will focus
and learn about LO1. Plan cable routes in accordance with network design and actual
installation site. Upon completion of this learning activity sheet, you should be able to:
a. define internet protocol;
b. identify the most commonly used internet protocol; and
c. create a diagram on how internet protocol works.
6
Learning Task 1.1. Pre-Assessment
7
8
9
Learning Resource 1.2 Internet Protocol
INTERNET PROTOCOL
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol, or set of rules, for routing and
addressing packets of data so that they can travel across networks and arrive at the
correct destination. Data passing through the Internet is divided into smaller pieces,
called packets. IP information is attached to each packet, and this information helps
routers to send packets to the right place. Every device or domain that connects to the
Internet is assigned an IP address, and as packets are directed to the IP address
attached to them, data arrives where it is needed. Once the packets arrive at their
destination, they are handled differently depending on which transport protocol is used
in combination with IP. The most common transport protocols are Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
What is a Network Protocol?

In networking, a protocol is a standardized way of doing certain actions and
formatting data so that two or more devices are able to communicate with and
understand each other. All IP data packets must present certain information in a
certain order, and all IP addresses follow a standardized format. Consider the process
of mailing a letter in which the addresses are written on the envelope in the following
format: name, street address, city, state and zip code. If an envelope is dropped into
a mailbox with different address format, the post office won’t deliver it because there
is an agreed-upon protocol for writing addresses in order for the postal system to work.
What is an IP address and how does IP addressing work?

An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to a device or domain that
connects to the Internet. It is a series of characters such as ‘192.168.1.1’. Via Domain
Name System (DNS) resolvers, which translate human-readable domain names into
IP addresses, users are able to access websites without memorizing this complex
series of characters. Each IP packet will contain both the IP address of the device or
domain sending the packet and the IP address of the intended recipient just like how
both the destination address and the return address are included on a piece of mail.
Source:https://www.cloudflare.com/resources/images/slt3lc6tev37/4tzfU9Y5ows0uT3u4GUlWr/9d4eaa83ce372454cc14d5fec83fb5b1/internet_pro t
ocol_ip_address_diagram.svg
10
IPv4 vs. IPv6

The IPv4 stands for Internet Protocol version 4 was introduced in 1983 and the
protocol many Internet services still use today. It is the underlying technology that
makes it possible for us to connect our devices to the web. Whenever a device
accesses the Internet, it is assigned a unique, numerical IP address such as
99.48.227.227. IPv4 uses a 32-bit address for its internet addresses which means it
can provide support to 4.29 billion IP addresses but have now been assigned leading
to the address shortage issues we face today.
The IPv6 on the other hand, is the sixth revision to the Internet Protocol and the
successor to IPv4. It functions similarly to IPv4 but their significant difference is it
utilizes a 128-bit IP address which can support 1028 times larger than the IPv4
addresses. Therefore, there are more than enough IPv6 addresses to allow for internet
devices to expand for a very long time.
IP Packet
Everything you do on the internet is a matter of IP Packets. All the web pages
that you receive on your computer come in a variety of packages and all the emails
you send are also transmitted in packets. The networks that transfer data for all sites
in small packets are called packet switched networks. On internet, the network part of
an e-mail in parts of a certain size are called bytes. This is what we call packages.
Each packet carries the information such as the IP address of the sender of the packet,
the IP that must receive, something to tell the network how many packets have left in
the message and the number of each particular package, which will help you reach
your destination.
The packet carries data using the TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) in which it contains part of the message body. Typically, a
package usually takes 1500 bytes. Each packet is then sent to its destination via the
best available route – a route that can be taken by any message packets. This makes
the network more efficient. For starters, the network can balance the load of several
facilities within milliseconds. Second, if there is a problem with one or more computers
as the message is being transferred, packets can be routed to alternative sites to
ensure complete deliver of the message.
Most Commonly Used Internet Protocol
To understand how networks and the Internet work, you must be familiar with
the commonly used protocols. These protocols are used to browse the web, send and
receive e-mail, and transfer data files. You will encounter other protocols as your
experience in IT grows, but they are not used as often as the common protocols listed
below:
It helps determine how a specific computer

should be connected to the internet and how
Transmission Control
to transmit data between them. It also helps
TCP/IP Protocol/Internet
create a virtual network when multiple
Protocol
computer networks are connected.
11
It works almost similar to TCP but it throws all

User Datagram
UDP the error-checking stuff out, all the back-and-
Protocol
forth communication and deliverability.
It is the protocol suite originally employed by
Novell Corporation’s network operating
Internetwork Packet system, NetWare. It delivers functions similar
IPX/SPX Exchange/Sequenced to those included in TCP/IP. Novell in its
Packet Exchange current releases supports the TCP/IP suite. A
large installed base of NetWare networks
continues to use IPX/SPX.
It is a protocol used primarily on small

Windows NT networks. NetBEUI cannot be
routed or used by routers to talk to each other
NetBIOS Extended on a large network because this is suitable
NetBEUI
User Interface only for small peer-to-peer networks, involving
a few computers directly connected to each
other. It can be used in conjunction with
another routable protocol such as TCP/IP.
It is a protocol suite used to network Macintosh
computers. It is composed of a comprehensive
set of protocols that span the seven layers of
the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
AppleTalk
reference model. The AppleTalk protocol was
designed to run over LocalTalk, which is the
Apple LAN physical topology and also major
LAN types, notably Ethernet and Token Ring.
It governs how files such as text, graphics,
sound, and video are exchanged on the World
Hypertext Transfer
HTTP Wide Web (WWW). The Internet Engineering
Protocol
Task Force (IETF) developed the standards for
HTTP.
It provides services for file transfer and
FTP File Transfer Protocol manipulation. It allows multiple simultaneous
connections to remote file systems.
It is used to securely connect to a remote
SSH Secure Shell
computer.
It is an application used to connect to a remote
Telnet computer that lacks security features.
It is used to download e-mail from a remote

POP3 Post Office Protocol
mail server.
Internet Message It is also used to download e-mail from a
IMAP
Access Protocol remote mail server.
It is used to send e-mail to a remote e-mail
Simple Mail Transfer
SMTP server.
Protocol
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How TCP and UDP work?
A TCP connection is established with the aid of three-way handshake. It is a

process of initiating and acknowledging connection. Once the connection is
established, data transfer begins and when the transmission process is finished, the
connection is terminated by the closing of an established virtual circuit. On the
contrary, the UDP uses a simple transmission method without implied hand-shaking
dialogues for ordering, reliability, or data integrity. It also assumes that error checking
and correction is not important or performed in the application to avoid the overhead
of such processing at the network interface level.
Key Difference between TCP and UDP
TCP UDP
• Connection-oriented protocol Connectionless protocol
• Slower speed Faster speed
• Uses handshake protocol like Uses no handshake protocols
SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK
• Does error checking and makes Performs error checking but discards
error recovery erroneous packets
• Has acknowledgement segments Does not have acknowledgement
segment
• Heavy-weight Lightweight
Published: July 25, 2014

Credited and Retrieved 05/07/2021 from Techquikie
Video Link: https://youtu.be/aor29pGhlFE
Transcript link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lvVAyy0YFSgL0QmRuw4oJW0IsY9XiXac/view
13
Transcript
Internet Protocols
1. Addressing Host – address of sender and receiver
2. Routing – path of data transmission by routers
IPV4
- the first and not experimental protocols of internet
- 128 bits address
- 4 billions unique addresses
IPV6
- 32 bits address
- 343 trillion trillion addresses
Network Address Translation
- Every PC can have different address and can deliver the packages
- Can be used in IPV6
- Good in ISP switching
- Good in Network control
- Good in inherent firewall
- Bad in complexity of peer to peer connection
14
Learning Task 1.4 Let's Connect
Direction: Create a diagram on how Internet Protocol works and explain briefly your
output. See the example given below. Make use of the scoring rubrics as your guide.
15
How to accomplish the activity?
1. Accomplished the template.

2. Click the Template.
3. Set the file name to: Incident Report _ Surname. For example: LT4_IP Diagram_Lara
16
Template Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NlZkFm2_DsjKH1gBpJbeb_DNbMxadkOF/view
17
REFERENCES
Websites
Cope,S. (n.d) “Basic Networking Concepts-Beginners Guide” Retrieved from

http://www.steves-internet-guide.com/networking/
Cloudflare (n.d.) “What is the Internet Protocol?” Retrieved from

https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/network-layer/internet-protocol/
ThousandEyes (n.d.)”IPv4 vs. IPv6.” Retrieved from

https://www.thousandeyes.com/learning/techtorials/ipv4-vs-ipv6
ESDS (2014, November 3) “What is an IP Packet?” Retrieved from

https://www.esds.co.in/kb/what-is-an-ip-packet/
Guru99 (n.d.)”TCP vs. UDP: What’s the Difference?” Retrieved from

https://www.guru99.com/tcp-vs-udp-understanding-the-difference.html
Rcampus (n.d.)”iRubric: Scoring Rubric For Essay Questions. “Retrieved from

https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=F4A59A&sp=yes
Diagram Assessment Rubric. https://prod-media.coolaustralia.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/06/06163700/Blue_Diagram-Assessment-Rubric_Year-
10_FINAL2.pdf
Learning Module
Lujero, Rosalie P. et al (2013) Computer Hardware Servicing Learner’s Material pp

98-100
18
Learning Resource 2.1. Overview

Hardware devices that are used to connect computers, printers, fax machines and
other electronic devices to a network are called network devices. These devices transfer
data in a fast, secure and correct way over same or different networks. Network devices
can be inter-network or intra-network. Some devices are installed on the device, like NIC
card or RJ45 connector, whereas some are part of the network, like router, switch, etc.
For this week, we will focus and learn about LO3. Identify necessary network
materials in accordance with established procedures and check against system
requirements. Let us explore some of these materials / devices in greater detail. Upon
completion of this learning activity sheet, you should be able to:
a. define network device;

b. identify the different networking devices and materials; and
c. interpret the diagram on how network devices work.
Learning Task 2.1: Pre-Assessment
19
Learning Resource 2.2 Network Devices
Networks are more than computers and wiring. They also have to be specific devices
or specialized pieces of hardware that handle electrical/ digital connections and perform their
unique roles efficiently. Most networks are small – think of a small office or home – and even
large networks are often divided into smaller segments. That smaller segment is set apart from
the larger network by a device that can filter data and help the network be more efficient.
These devices that filter traffic are called connectivity devices and there are several
different types such as follows:
• Bridge – a network bridge joins two separate computer

networks. The network bridge enables communication
between the two networks and provides a way for them to
work as a single network. Bridges extend local area
networks to cover a larger physical area than the LAN can
reach.
Source:http://bucarotechelp.com/networki
ng/images/bridge.gif
• Hub – a connectivity device to which network cables are
attached to form a network segment. It typically does not
filter data, but instead retransmit incoming data packets
or frames to all parts. Almost all networks today use a
central hub or switch to which the computers on the
network connect. In a hubbed network, each computer is
Source:https://5.imimg.com/data5/NJ/VM/MY
connected to the hub through a single line. That makes -46269341/network-hubs-500x500.jpg
adding a host to the network, or taking off, a simple task.
• Switch – is aware of addresses associated with each of

its ports and forwards each incoming data frame to the
correct port. Switches can base forwarding decisions on
guidelines that are provided in the headers of the TCP/IP
protocols. A switch is a smarter version of a hub. On a
switch, as with a hub, each computer is connected Source:https://infinity-cable-
products.com/blogs/hardware/what-is-
through a single line. However, the switch is smarter about a-network-switch
where it sends data that comes in through one of its ports.
• Router - A router has a lot more capabilities than other

network devices, such as a hub or a switch that are only
able to perform basic network functions. It can analyze the
data sent over a network, change how it is packaged, and
send it to another network or over a different network.
Routers are commonly used in home networks to share a
Source:https://www.gannett-
single Internet connection between multiple computers. cdn.com/presto/2019/10/16/USAT/c5a
c323d-097c-4e1e-a8f5-b9e18a38f9bc-
TPLink-AC1750-image.jpg
20
• Modem – it is a device that enables a computer to send or

receive data over telephone or cable lines. The data stored
on the computer is digital whereas a telephone line or cable
wire can transmit only analog data. The main function of the
modem is to convert digital signal into analog and vice
versa. It is a combination of two devices – modulator and
demodulator. The modulator converts digital data into
analog data when the data is being sent by the computer Source:https://www.istockphoto.
com/photos/modem
while the demodulator converts analog data signals into
digital data when it is being received by the computer.
• Ethernet card – it is also known as Network Interface Card

(NIC). It is a hardware component used by computers to
connect to Ethernet LAN and communicate with other
devices on the LAN (Local Area Network). The NIC has
RJ45 socket where network cable is physically plugged in.
Ethernet card speeds may vary depending upon the
protocols it supports. Old Ethernet cards had maximum Source:https://www.reichelt.com/de/en/n
speed of 10 Mbps, however, modern cards support fast etwork-card-pci-express-gigabit-ethernet-
1x-rj45-int-522533-p223966.html
Ethernets up to a speed of 100 Mbps or even 1 Gbps.
• Wi-Fi Card – Wi-Fi is the acronym for wireless fidelity. Wi-

Fi technology is used to achieve wireless connection to any
network. Wi-Fi card is a card used to connect any device to
the local network wirelessly. The physical area of the
network which provides internet access through Wi-Fi is
called Wi-Fi hotspot. Hotspots can be set up at home, office
or any public space.
Source:https://www.techadvisor.co.
uk/how-to/network-wifi/upgrade-
laptop-wifi-3494562/
• Repeaters – are network devices operating at physical layer

of the OSI model that amplify or regenerate an incoming
signal before retransmitting it. They are incorporated in
networks to expand its coverage area. They are also known
as signal boosters.
Source:https://www.perle.com/prod
Network Materials ucts/ethernet-extenders/er-s1110-
ethernet-repeater.shtml
• RJ45 connector – a registered jack (RJ) is a standardized

physical network interface for connecting telecommunications or
data equipment. It is the most common twisted-pair connector with
an 8-position, 8-contact (8P8C) modular plug and jack.
Source:https://www.anixter.com/es
_la/product-detail.UNJ600-BL-
COMMSCOPE-UNIPRISE-
SOLUTIONS.PS-
Copper%2BJacks.279891.html
21
• UTP cable – Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) is a ubiquitous type

of copper cabling used in telephone wiring and Local Area
Networks (LANs). There are five types of UTP cables – identified
with the prefix CAT, as in category in which each supporting a
different amount of bandwidth.
Source:https://discover.hubpages.co
m/technology/Basic-Differences-
The 5 categories are as follows: Between-Category-cat5e-cat6-cat6e-
and-6a-network-cables
1. CAT3 – it is usually deployed in phone lines and supports 10mbps for up to 100
meters
2. CAT4 – typically used in token ring networks and supports 16 Mbps for up to
100 meters
3. CAT5 – used in Ethernet-based LANs, contains two twisted pairs and
supports100 Mbps for up to 100 meters
4. CAT5e – used in Ethernet-based LANs, contains four twisted pairs and
supports 1Gbps for 100 meters
5. CAT6 - used in Ethernet-based LANs and data center networks. It contains four
tightly wound twisted pairs and supports 1 Gbps for up to 100 meters and 10
Gbps for up to 50 meters
Published: December 4, 2018

Credited and Retrieved 05/07/2021 from Professor Messer
Video Link: https://youtu.be/YqRHaR-OQVQ
Transcript link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OgFZyaQHIzO6dEQzIyLQNxGki9Mxk1Um/view
22
Transcript:
Video 2: Network Devices

1. Network Interface Card (NIC)
-the fundamental network device
-every device on the network has NIC
-specific to the network type
-often build in the motherboard
2. Repeater
- resend signals, regenerate, resend
-extend the link of the network
-convert one media network to another
3.Hub
-multi port repeater
- everything is half duplex
-become less efficient
-10 megabit/100 megabit
-difficult to find
4.Bridge
- imagine a switch with two or more ports
- connects different physical networks
-distributes traffic based mac address
-an example of modern bridge is a wireless access point
5.Switches
- bridging done in hardware
-many ports and features
-multilayer switch
6.Unmanaged Switch
- very few configurations
-fixed configuration
-very little integration
7. Managed Switch
-VLAN Support
-traffic prioritization
-redundancy support
-external management
8. Wireless Access Point (WAP)
- a wireless router for singe device
- a bridge
9. Wireless LAN Controllers
-centralized management WAP’s
-management functions
-usually a priority system
10. Firewalls
- filters traffic by port number
- can encrypt traffic into the network
- can proxy traffic
- can be layers 3 devices
11. Cable Modem
-broadband
23
-data on the cable network

-high speed networking
-multiple servers
12. DSL Modem
- uses telephone lines
- download is faster than upload speed
13. Patch Panels
-combination of punch down blocks and RJ45 Connectors
Learning Task 2.2 Identify Me

Identify the following network devices and materials.
24
25
26
Learning Task 2.3 What do I do?

2. Click the Template
3. Set the file name to: Incident Report _ Surname. For

example: LT2.3_NetworkDevices_Hermoso
27
Template Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mmWcrd11dDktISXs26P5O60DY9pAoVcd/view
28
Learning Task 2.4 Interpret Me
Direction: Interpret the diagram below on how network devices work. Make use of
the scoring rubric as your guide.
Source:https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-
uploads/Network_devices.jpg
2. Click the template link https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rg47gJUX_b6k1T-

Cw1IXjtrTrR3wQHO8/view
3. . Set the file name to: LT2.4_Interpret Me _ Surname. For

example: LT2.4_Interpret Me_Lara
29
30
Scoring Rubric
Criteria 5 (Quality) 3 (Adequate) 1 (Needs
Improvement)
Content Answers are Answers are Answers are not
comprehensive, accurate and comprehensive or
accurate and complete. Key completely stated.
complete. Key ideas points are stated Key points are
are clearly stated, and supported addressed but not
explained and well well supported
supported
Organization Well organized, Organization is Inadequate
(Answers are coherently developed, mostly clear and organization or
clearly thought and easy to follow easy to follow development.
out and Structure of the
articulated) answer is not easy
to follow
Writing Displays no errors in Displays one to Displays over five
Conventions spelling, punctuation, three errors in errors in spelling,
(Spelling, grammar and spelling, punctuation,
punctuation, sentence structure punctuation, grammar and
grammar and grammar and sentence structure
complete sentence
sentences) structure
REFERENCES:
Websites
TutorialsPoint (2021)”Network Devices” Retrieved from

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/communication_technologies/communication_technologies_n
etwork_devices.htm#:~:text=Hardware%20devices%20that%20are%20used,%2Dnetwork%
20or%20intra%2Dnetwork
WhatisMYIPAddess.com (2021) “What are Network Devices and What Do They Do?”
Retrieved from https://whatismyipaddress.com/network-devices
Mitchell,B. (2019, November 2).”Use a Bridge to Expand Your Local Network”. Retrieved from
https://www.lifewire.com/how-network-bridges-work-816357
Computer Hope (2019,May 4)”Router” Retrieved from

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/router.htm
TutorialsPoint (2021)”What are Repeaters in Computer Network? Retrieved from

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-are-repeaters-in-computer-
network#:~:text=Repeaters%20are%20network%20devices%20operating,also%20known%2
0as%20signal%20boosters.
31
Scarpati,J.(n. d.) “Unshielded Twisted Pair“. Retrieved from

https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Unshielded-Twisted-
Pair#:~:text=Unshielded%20twisted%20pair%20(UTP)%20is,a%20different%20amount%20
of%20bandwidth
Images:
Network Bridge. Retrieved from http://bucarotechelp.com/networking/images/bridge.gif
Network Hub. Retrieved March 28, 2021. https://5.imimg.com/data5/NJ/VM/MY-

46269341/network-hubs-500x500.jpg
Network Switch. Retrieved March 28, 2021. https://infinity-cable-

products.com/blogs/hardware/what-is-a-network-switch
Router. Retrieved March 28, 2021. https://www.gannett-

cdn.com/presto/2019/10/16/USAT/c5ac323d-097c-4e1e-a8f5-b9e18a38f9bc-TPLink-
AC1750-image.jpg
Modem. Retrieved April 9, 2021. https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/modem
Network card. Retrieved April 9, 2021. https://www.reichelt.com/de/en/network-card-pci-

express-gigabit-ethernet-1x-rj45-int-522533-p223966.html
Wi-Fi card. Retrieved April 9, 2021. https://www.techadvisor.co.uk/how-to/network-

wifi/upgrade-laptop-wifi-3494562/
Repeaters. Retrieved from https://www.perle.com/products/ethernet-extenders/er-s1110-

ethernet-repeater.shtml
RJ45 connector. Retrieved April 13, 2021. https://www.anixter.com/es_la/product-

detail.UNJ600-BL-COMMSCOPE-UNIPRISE-SOLUTIONS.PS-
Copper%2BJacks.279891.html
UTP cable. Retrieved April 13, 2021. https://discover.hubpages.com/technology/Basic-

Differences-Between-Category-cat5e-cat6-cat6e-and-6a-network-cables
Network Devices. Retrieved April 13, 2021. https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-

uploads/Network_devices.jpg
32

Hi! You are now on the third part of this course. I hope you have learned a lot
from the previous lesson.
For this week, we will continue to learn more about LO1. Install Network cables.
As you already know this learning outcome focuses on determining the cable routes
in accordance with network design and actual installation site most specifically in
network topology.
In this lesson, you will be introduced on how various nodes, devices, and
connections on your network are physically or logically arranged in relation to each
other called Network Topology.
Upon completion, you should be able to:
a. understand what a Network Topology is:
b. determine the two types of topology; and
c. distinguish the different types of Network Topology.
Learning Task 3.1 Self-Assessment
33
Learning Task 3.2 Look for Me
34
Learning Resource 3.2 Network Topology

WHAT IS NETWORK TOPOLOGY?
Topology is derived from two Greek words topo and logy, where topo means 'place'
and logy means 'study'. In computer networks, a topology is used to explain how a network
is physically connected and the logical flow of information in the network. A topology mainly
describes how devices are connected and interact with each other using communication
links.
Network topology defines the layout, virtual shape, or structure of the network, not
only physically but also logically. A network can have one physical topology and multiple
logical topologies at the same time.
Some points need to be considered when selecting a physical topology:

• Ease of Installation
• Fault Tolerance
• Implementation Cost
• Cabling Required
• Maintenance Required
• Reliable Nature
• Ease of reconfiguration and up gradation
In computer networks, there are mainly two types of topologies, they are:
1. Physical Topology: A physical topology describes the way in which the computers
or nodes are connected with each other in a computer network. It is the arrangement
of various elements (link, nodes, etc.), including the device location and code
installation of a computer network. In other words, we can say that it is the physical
layout of nodes, workstations, and cables in the network.
2. Logical Topology: A logical topology describes the way, data flow from one
computer to another. It is bound to a network protocol and defines how data is moved
throughout the network and which path it takes. In other words, it is the way in which
the devices communicate internally.
TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY
1. BUS TOPOLOGY
Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to
a single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints, then it is called Linear Bus topology.
Features of Bus Topology

1. It transmits data only in one direction.
2. Every device is connected to a single cable.
2. RING TOPOLOGY
It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is connected to another
computer, with the last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbors for each device.
35
Features of Ring Topology

1. A number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with large number of nodes, because
if someone wants to send some data to the last node in the ring topology with 100
nodes, then the data will have to pass through 99 nodes to reach the 100th node.
Hence to prevent data loss repeaters are used in the network.
2. The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by having 2
connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual Ring Topology.
3. In Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow is in opposite
direction in them. Also, if one ring fails, the second ring can act as a backup, to keep
the network up.
4. Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data transmitted must pass
through each node of the network, till the destination node.
3. STAR TOPOLOGY
In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub through a cable. This
hub is the central node, and all other nodes are connected to the central node.
Features of Star Topology

1. Every node has its own dedicated connection to the hub.
2. Hub acts as a repeater for data flow.
3. Can be used with twisted pair, Optical Fiber or coaxial cable.
4. MESH TOPOLOGY
It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network nodes are connected
to each other. Mesh has n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.
There are two techniques to transmit data over the Mesh topology, they are:
1. Routing
2. Flooding
MESH Topology: Routing

In routing, the nodes have a routing logic, as per the network requirements. Like routing logic
to direct the data to reach the destination using the shortest distance. Or routing logic which
has information about the broken links, and it avoids those nodes etc. We can even have
routing logic to re-configure the failed nodes.
MESH Topology: Flooding

In flooding, the same data is transmitted to all the network nodes, hence no routing logic is
required. The network is robust, and it is very unlikely to lose the data. But it leads to unwanted
load over the network.
Types of Mesh Topology

1. Partial Mesh Topology: In this topology some of the systems are connected in the
same fashion as mesh topology but some devices are only connected to two or three
devices.
2. Full Mesh Topology: Each and every nodes or devices are connected to each other.
Features of Mesh Topology

1. Fully connected.
2. Robust.
3. Not flexible.
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5. TREE TOPOLOGY
It has a root node, and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is
also called hierarchical topology. It should at least have three levels to the hierarchy.
Features of Tree Topology

1. Ideal if workstations are located in groups.
2. Used in Wide Area Network.
6. HYBRID TOPOLOGY
It is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more topologies. For
example, if in an office in one department ring topology is used and in another star
topology is used, connecting these topologies will result in Hybrid Topology (ring
topology and star topology).
Features of Hybrid Topology

1. It is a combination of two or more topologies.
2. Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of the topologies included.
37
Published: March 27, 2018

Credited and Retrieved 05/07/2021 from Professor Messer
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Physical Network Maps- follow the physical wire and devices

Logical Network Maps – specialized software and useful for planning
collaboration
Types of Network Topologies

1. Star – used in most large and small networks
- All devices are connected to central device
2. Ring – used in many popular topologies
- Still used in MAN and WAN
3. Mesh – multiple links to the same place
- Redundancy, fault tolerance and load balancing
- Used in WAN
4. Bus – simple but prone to errors
- Easy local area network
- Controller area network
Wireless Topologies – all devices connected to access points

- The most common wireless connection mode
38
Learning Task 3.3: Fill Me In
Learning Task 3.4: Name the Network
39
REFERENCES
Websites:
AfterAcademy (2020, Jan 19). “What is network topology and types of network
topology?”. Retrieved from https://afteracademy.com/blog/what-is-network-topology-and-
types-of-network-topology
StudyTonight (n.d.). “Types of Network Topology”. Retrieved

from https://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/network-topology-types
40

This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand Computer Systems Servicing. It tackles the different types of network
cables.
The topics introduced will help you understand the appropriate types of network
cable to be used for the specific task.
Reminder! Just follow the instructions given in this Learning Activity Sheet. Now
let us start exploring new things.
Upon completion of the lesson, you should be able to:
a. identify the different types of network cables;

b. differentiate the category rating for each cable; and
c. select appropriate cable needed to carry out installation work in accordance with
established procedures and check for correct operation and safety.
41
Learning Task 4.2 Pre-Test
Learning Resource 4.2 Network Cables
Lesson: Types of Network Cables
Common Network Cables

Until recently, cables were the only medium used to connect devices on
networks. A wide variety of networking cables are available. Coaxial and twisted-pair
cables use copper to transmit data. Fiber-optic cables use glass or plastic to transmit
data. These cables differ in bandwidth, size, and cost. You need to know what type of
cable to use based on the job requirements. You also need to be able to troubleshoot
and repair problems along the way.
Twisted Pair
Twisted pair is a type of copper cabling that is used for telephone

communications and most Ethernet networks. A pair of wires forms a circuit that
transmits data. The pair is twisted to provide protection against crosstalk, the noise
generated by adjacent pairs of wires in the cable. Pairs of copper wires are encased
in color-coded plastic insulation and are twisted together. An outer jacket protects the
bundles of twisted pairs.
42
When electricity flows through a copper wire, a magnetic field is created around
the wire. A circuit has two wires, and in a circuit, the two wires have oppositely charged
magnetic fields. When the two wires of the circuit are next to each other, the magnetic
fields cancel each other out. This is called the cancellation effect. Without the
cancellation effect, your network communications become slow because of the
interference caused by the magnetic fields.
The two basic types of twisted-pair cables are as follows:

• Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is the cable that has two or four pairs of wires. This
type of cable relies solely on the cancellation effect produced by the twisted-
wire pairs that limits signal degradation caused by electromagnetic interface
(EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). UTP is the most commonly used
cabling in networks. UTP cables have a range of 328 feet (100 m).
• With shielded twisted pair (STP) each pair of wire is wrapped in metallic foil to
better shield the wires from noise. Four pairs of wires are then wrapped in an
overall
metallic braid or foil. STP reduces electrical noise from within the cable. It also
reduces EMI and RFI from outside the cable. Although STP prevents
interference
better than UTP, STP is more expensive because of the extra shielding. It is
also more difficult to install because of the thickness. In addition, the metallic
shielding must be grounded at both ends. If it is improperly grounded, the shield
acts like an antenna, picking up unwanted signals.
Category Rating
UTP comes in several categories that are based on two factors:
• The number of wires in the cable
• The number of twists in those wires
1. Category 3 is the wiring used for telephone systems and Ethernet LAN at 10
Megabytes per second (Mbps).
2. Category 3 has four pairs of wires.
3. Category 5 and Category 5e have four pairs of wires with a transmission rate
of 100 Mbps.
4. Category 5 and Category 5e is the most common network cables used.
5. Category 5e has more twists per foot than Category 5 wiring.
43
These extra twists further prevent interference from outside sources and from
the other wires within the cable.
Some Category 6 cables use a plastic divider to separate the pairs of wires,
which prevents interference. The pairs also have more twists than Category 5e cable.
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable is a copper-cored cable surrounded by a heavy shielding.
Coaxial cable is used to connect the computers to the rest of the network.
Source:https://www.techbaz.org/Blog/imgall/networking/coaxial-cabling.png
Coaxial cable uses “British Naval Connectors (BNC)” or “Bayonet Neill-

Concelman” connectors, at the ends of the cables to make the connection.
Several types of coaxial cable exist:

• Thicknet (10BASE5) is a coaxial cable used in networks operating at 10
Mbps, with a maximum length of 500 meters.
• Thinnet (10BASE2) is a coaxial cable used in networks operating at 10
Mbps, with a maximum length of 185 meters.
• RG-59 is most commonly used for cable television in the U.S.
• RG-6 is higher-quality cable than RG-59, with more bandwidth and less
susceptibility to interference.
Fiber-Optic Cable
An optical fiber is a glass or plastic conductor that transmits information using
light. Fiber optic cable has one or more optical fibers enclosed in a sheath or jacket.
Because it is made of glass, fiber-optic cable is not affected by EMI or RFI. All signals
are converted to light pulses to enter the cable and are converted back into electrical
signals when they leave it. This means that fiber-optic cable can deliver signals that
are clearer, and can go farther, without compromising the clarity of signals.
Source:https://www.pixelcontrols.com/images/product/fs1.png
44
Fiber-optic cable can reach distances of several miles or kilometers before the
signal needs to be regenerated. Fiber-optic cable usually is more expensive to use
than copper cable, and the connectors are more costly and harder to assemble.
Common connectors for fiber-optic networks are SC, ST, and LC. These three types
of fiber-optic connectors are half-duplex, which allows data to flow in only one
direction. Therefore, two cables are needed.
These are the two types of glass fiber-optic cable:

• Multimode is the cable that has a thicker core than single-mode cable. It is
easier to make, can use simpler light sources such as Light Emitting Diodes
(LEDs), and works well over distances of a few kilometers or less.
• Single-mode is the cable that has a very thin core. It is harder to make,
uses lasers as a light source, and can transmit signals dozens of kilometers
with ease.
Published: August 3, 2020

Credited and Retrieved 05/07/2021 from PowerCert Animated Videos
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45
Network Connectors
- Will vary depending the type of network and cable they are attached to
1. RJ45 Connector – the most common network that is used in networking
- 8 pin modular connector
2. UTP Coupler – used to connect UTP connector
- Typically used when running a longer cable option
3. RJ48 Connector – look similar to RJ45 connector used with shielded twister pair
cable
4. RJII Connector – 4 wired connectors mainly used to connect telephone equipment
5. BNC Connector – used for analog and digital video transmission
6. F Type Connector – threaded cable typically used for coaxial cables and primarily
used for cable modems
7. Fiber Optic Connectors – uses pulses of lights to send data
8. SC Connector – fiber optic connector
9. MTRJ Connector – fiber connector that uses latch to pull – pull connection
10. LC Connector – designed to compete with SC connector
11. ST Connector – fiber optic connecter that uses half- twist bayonet type of lock
12. Fiber Coupler – joins or couples 2 fiber optic connectors together
Learning Task 4.3 Post-Test
46
47
48
Learning Task 4.4 Reflect Me

Read the questions carefully and limit your answers to 3-4 sentences.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the difference between the UTP and STP cable?
2. In your opinion, what is the best computer cable to use? Explain.
FOR TEXT SUBMISSION
1. Click Add submission.
2. Enter your answer inside the Online text box.
3. Once you are done. Click Save Changes.
REFERENCES:
Computer Networking Notes (2021). “Network Cable Types and Specifications”.

Retrieved from https://www.computernetworkingnotes.com/networking-
tutorials/network-cable-types-and-
specifications.html#:~:text=There%20are%20three%20types%20of,pair%2C%20and
%20fiber%2Doptic. on April 15, 2021
Om Kanjani (2021). “Network Cables and Stuff”. Retrieved from

https://omkanjani.wordpress.com/2010/07/09/network-cables-and-stuff/ on April 15,
2021
49

In the previous lesson, you were introduced with all the knowledge about different
types of network cables. Now, you will be familiarizing with different tools in networking
as well as their functions.
This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand Computer Systems Servicing.
If you need any assistance and questions, do not hesitate to contact and ask your
teacher, they will be more than willing to lend you a hand. And most importantly, enjoy
your learning journey.

a. identify the different tools in networking;
b. determine the appropriate tool for a specific task to be done; and
c. apply necessary precaution when using different tools in networking.
50

Identify the tool.
51
Learning Resource 5.2 Networking Tools
Tools for Networking
Crimping tool
Crimping tool is designed for the connection of the UTP cables with the
connectors by cutting, stripping, and deforming. This tool is used to connect RJ-45,
RJ-11 and other connectors to the end of a cable. Crimping was developed as a high-
quality, low-cost replacement for soldering process.
While using a crimping tool, the wires that need to

be crimped are first placed into the connector. Once this
is done, the jack with the wires is placed in the designated
slot of the crimping tool and the handles of the tool are
squeezed tight. By doing this, you can ensure that the
plastic connector you are using punctures the wires inside
and holds them all in place. This prevents the wires from
loosening and coming out. If the wires are crimped
Source:https://anthonyselectronics.com/ind
securely in place, data can be easily transmitted by every
ex.php?route=product/product&product_id wire. We offer several varieties of crimping tools such as
=1815
the hex crimp tool.
Network Cable Tester

A network cable tester or LAN tester is a useful
device that allows you to check the continuity of the cable
to figure out if the signal is strong enough to get through to
the network. This helps to eliminate cable connectivity
issues while troubleshooting the problems.
It is important to remember that you should never
connect a live wire circuit to a network cable tester. It
should be used only after the cable has been disconnected
from the router, modem, and a computer. Generally, a
network cable tester has two parts – the tester and remote. Source:https://www.cmple.com/content/im
ages/thumbs/multi-functional-led-network-
cable-tester-for-bnc-rj11-rj12-and-
rj45_NID0007796.jpeg
52
Punch Down Tool

The punch down tool is also known as the Krone
tool. It is small tool that is used most frequently by network
troubleshooting technicians.
The impact type of punch down tool is the most
popular and commonly used one. The impact punch down
tool consists of a slot for inserting removable blades, an
internal spring impact mechanism and a handle to hold the
tool. Other than just inserting the wire, a punch down tool
Source:https://images-na.ssl-images- can also be used to cut off the excess wire. Some punch
amazon.com/images/I/61dMmWGLjyL._AC
_SL1500_.jpg down tools come with a fixed blade and may even lack an
impact mechanism.
Wire Stripper
A wire stripper is a small device that is useful in
stripping the insulation from electrical wires. Wire strippers
come in both automatic and manual designs. Wire strippers
are also wire cutters. For example, you might be installing an
outdoor cat6 cable, but you just cannot seem to get the right
connection. You can use the wire stripper to cut part of the
wire and its cutter to give the wire some edge so that it fits into
the plug perfectly. Source:https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/_-
Mv3RVV4YZXuyrXJvhVYLpvBK1dHiKnyWwRYJ6H
8g2c0vy24gHhXrQojdPTRrFLk4yg=s85
Pliers
Pliers are made in various shapes and sizes and for
many uses. Some are used for gripping something round
like a pipe or rod, some are used for twisting wires, and
others are designed to be used for a combination of tasks
including cutting wire. There are also tools that are used
just for cutting wires. There are different kind of pliers that
can be used which includes: long nose pliers, combination
https://my-test- pliers, duckbill pliers, and lineman’s pliers.
11.slatic.net/p/9c5f63734f41633196afe1839b
4da026.jpg_720x720q80.jpg_.webp
53
Published: November 6, 2020

Credited and Retrieved 05/07/2021 from PowerCert Animated Videos
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Transcript Link:
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1. Cable Stripper
2. Wire Crimper
3. Cable Tester
4. Tone Generator
5. Time Domain Reflectometer – used to test twister pair and coaxial cables
6. Optical Time Domain Reflectometer - used to test fiber optic cables
7. Light Meter
8. Loopback adapter – used to perform loopback test
9. Butt Set – used by telephone technicians and used to test telephone lines
10. Punch down tool- used to punch down wires into a punch
11. Multimeter – used to test electrical circuits
54
Learning Task 5.3 Knowing Me
55
Learning Task 5.4 Reflection
Read the questions carefully and limit your answers to 3-4 sentences.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the difference between wire stripper and crimping tool?

2. In your opinion, what is the most important tool in networking? Explain.
FOR TEXT SUBMISSION

1. Click Add submission.
2. Enter your answer inside the Online text box.
3. Once you are done. Click Save Changes.
56
REFERENCES
Cmple.com (2021). Network Tools and Their Purpose. Retrieved

from https://www.cmple.com/learn/network-tools-and-their-purpose on April 15, 2021
Shireen (2021). The Ultimate Set of Networking Tools for Professionals. Retrieved
from https://www.shireeninc.com/the-ultimate-set-of-networking-tools-for-
professionals/ on April 15, 2021
57
In this course you are able to understand more about proper procedure and concepts
in cable configuration of Ethernet cable. Ethernet cable is the most common type of
cable used in networking.

a. identify the two common types of Ethernet cable configuration;
b. value the importance of cable configuration in a computer network;
c. apply appropriate cable configuration and setup of a computer network.
58
59
Learning Resource 6.2 Cable Configuration

Ethernet cable Color-coded wiring sequences exist as a cabling industry
standard. It allows cabling technicians to reliably predict how Ethernet cable is
terminated on both ends so they can follow other technicians' work without having to
guess or spend time deciphering the function and connections of each wire pair.
Ethernet cable jack wiring follows the T568A and T568B standards.
What is an Ethernet cable?
An Ethernet cable is one of the most common forms of network cable used on
wired networks. Ethernet cables connect devices within a local area network, like PCs,
routers, and switches. It is composed of RJ45 connector and a UTP Cable (typically
Cat5E) which is terminated by the use of a crimping tool.
Termination of Ethernet Cables
Termination of cables are based on Telecommunication Industry Association

(TIA) standard indicating how the pin-out or pair assignments should be used in
cabling. Standard TIA/ EIA 568 sets the standard for how the twisted pair wires to a
plug or socket. It is very important to know because if the conducting wires are not
placed in proper configuration, it will not function properly.
T568A and T568B are the termination standards used by the internet backbone
infrastructure, internet providers and also consumers and business.
Source:https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0014/6404/1539/files/T568A_vs_T568B___trueCABLE_1024x1024.jpg?v=1588882478
In most network, standard cabling method is required. You can use T568A or
T56B termination standard. This allows the computer to communicate with the other
devices within the network. To further understand the concept of the termination, the
table below shows the summary of color coding for each termination standard.
60
Source: https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0014/6404/1539/files/568a-vs-568b-chart_1024x1024.png?v=1567709877
STRAIGHT THROUGH VS. CROSS OVER
Two of the most common are straight through and cross over. Straight through
cable is the most common type and is used to connect computer hubs and switches.
Cross over cable is most commonly used between two computers.
A straight through cable is a type of twisted pair cable that is used in local area
networks to connect a computer to a network hub such as a router. Straight through
cable use one wiring standard: both ends use T568A wiring standard or both ends use
T568B wiring standard.
Source: https://media-exp1.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E12AQGTbt95KM7c3g/article-inline_image-
shrink_1000_1488/0/1520545901166?e=1623888000&v=beta&t=4sfpew3tebFyWM8_7rwLFx0t3L4io_RMSLQq4jmpRdY
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An Ethernet crossover cable is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect

computing devices together directly. Use two different wiring standards: one end uses
the T568A wiring standard, and the other end uses the T568B wiring standard. It is
most often used to connect two devices of the same type.
Source:https://media-exp1.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E12AQGp3eAM83tzaQ/article-inline_image-
shrink_1000_1488/0/1520545900874?e=1623888000&v=beta&t=msho-GCigmC8M4YyhIvV7dqrFL8yHo_fd161v5xbPKE
What are the devices that uses straight through and cross over cables?
Source: https://media-exp1.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E12AQFfpoI6wk8zRQ/article-inline_image-
shrink_1000_1488/0/1520545900860?e=1623888000&v=beta&t=CMhQ8V584UdxifgiTY4zrjx6eesW4DF3su9Hv1hmH4I
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Published: February 13, 2019

Credited and Retrieved: 05/07/2021 from PowerCert Animated Videos
Video Link: https://youtu.be/_NX99ad2FUA
Transcript Link:
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Transcript:
Twisted Pair Cable

– the most common types of LANS that are used for cross over and straight
through cable
- Unshielded Twisted Pair – 4 pairs of color coded wires
- Shielded Twisted Pair – it has foil shield that covers the wire
- 568B and 568A
- 568A (White green, green, white orange, blue, white blue, orange, white
brown, brown)
- 568b (White orange, orange, white green, blue, white blue, green, white
brown, brown)
Straight through Cable

- Both end of the cable wires is using same strand
- The most common type of Ethernet cable in LAN
Crossover Cable
- When both end of cables wires is using 2 different standard
- Connect 2 different devices together
Category of Twisted Pair

- Category 3
- Category 5
63
- Category 5e
- Category 6
- Category 6a
- Category 7
- Category 8
Learning Task 6.3: What cable is for me?
64
Learning Task 6.4: Run the Cable
Direction: Draw a network layout for the following scenario. Assign caption and names
for specific devices and cables.
For example:
Scenario: You are asked to create a network for a business. The ISP provided a router
with 3 LAN ports available. There are also 4 PCs and a server that are needed to be
connected to the router to have internet connection.
Scenarios
1. Your teacher asked you to connect two computers inside the library so that it can share
files and printer.
2. Your uncle will be opening a small graphic design shop. He bought 6 PCs, a router and
a hub. The 6 PCs should have an internet connection. Two of the computers are separated
to a vacant room to have a network on their own.
3. You are asked to extend the network from the main office to your department. Your
department is composed of 5 computers. The main office has its own hub, router and 4
computers.

2. Click Template Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Tds7JutuOrLnfZZX-
kOD3vfy4sMcqCB9/view
3. . Set the file name to: LT6.4_Run The Cable _ Surname. For example: LT6.4_Run
The Cable_Lara
65
66
REFERENCES:
Websites
Chen, C (2016, December 16). “Difference between Straight-Through and Crossover

Cable”. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/difference-between-straight-
through-crossover-cable-cheer-chen
Guru99 (2021,March 26). “Straight Through Cables vs Crossover Cables: Key

Difference”. Retrieved from https://www.guru99.com/difference-between-straight-
through-crossover-cables.html
Lowery, B.(2020, May 27).” T568a vs T568b, Which to use”. Retrieved from
https://www.truecable.com/blogs/cable-academy/t568a-vs-t568b
Mitchell,B. (2020, September 18). “Ethernet Cables and How They Work”. Retrieved
from
https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-an-ethernet-cable-817548
Presentation
truCABLE (2020,May 22). “T568a vs T568b, Which to use”. Retrieved from

https://youtu.be/yZgwpfvJ6rw
Professor Messer (2010,July 10). “Wiring Standards - CompTIA Network+ N10-004:

2.4”. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/b4cFGS_-uZg
Video Product Inc. (2019, April 11).” What is the Difference Between TIA/EIA 568A
and 568B Network Wiring Standards?”. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/Jkv_-4DaYMw
Images
RJ Connector. Retrieved from https://www.make-it.ca/wp-

content/uploads/2020/09/rj45-connector.jpg
UTP Cable. Retrieved from https://partizanstore.eu/wp-

content/uploads/2018/06/SXKD-5E-UTP-PVC_s.jpg
Router. Retrieved from

https://www.linksys.com/resources/img/features/MR6350/Linksys-Max-Stream-
Mesh-WiFi-5-Router-MR6350.jpg
Hub. Retrieved from http://www.geocities.ws/cnamirah/images/hub.jpg
67
RJ45 Pinout. Retrieved from

https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0014/6404/1539/files/T568A_vs_T568B___trueCAB
LE_1024x1024.jpg?v=1588882478
TIA T568A,T568B. Retrieved from Source:

https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0014/6404/1539/files/568a-vs-568b-
chart_1024x1024.png?v=1567709877
Straight Through. Retrieved from https://media-

exp1.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E12AQGTbt95KM7c3g/article-inline_image-
shrink_1000_1488/0/1520545901166?e=1623888000&v=beta&t=4sfpew3tebFyWM
8_7rwLFx0t3L4io_RMSLQq4jmpRdY
Cross Over. Retrieved from: https://media-

exp1.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E12AQGp3eAM83tzaQ/article-inline_image-
shrink_1000_1488/0/1520545900874?e=1623888000&v=beta&t=msho-
GCigmC8M4YyhIvV7dqrFL8yHo_fd161v5xbPKE
Devices for Network. Retrieved from: https://media-

exp1.licdn.com/dms/image/C4E12AQFfpoI6wk8zRQ/article-inline_image-
shrink_1000_1488/0/1520545900860?e=1623888000&v=beta&t=CMhQ8V584Udxif
giTY4zrjx6eesW4DF3su9Hv1hmH4I
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Moodle Course Guide

EPP/ TLE/ TVL

This is an introductory course that leads to a Computer Systems Servicing National

Most Essential Learning

Internet LO1.1. Plan cable • Learning Task 1.1: Pre-

Network LO1.3. Identify • Learning Task 2.1: Pre-

LO 1.3 Identify • Learning Task 4.1: Self-

Different LO 1.3 Obtain tools, Learning Task 5.1: Self-Assessment

1.9 Perform copper Learning Task 6.1: Self-

Learning Task 6.4: Run the cable

About the Development Team

Learning Resource 1.1 Overview

Computer Network Concepts

a. define internet protocol;

b. identify the most commonly used internet protocol; and

c. create a diagram on how internet protocol works.

Learning Task 1.1. Pre-Assessment

Learning Resource 1.2 Internet Protocol

What is a Network Protocol?

What is an IP address and how does IP addressing work?

IPv4 vs. IPv6

Most Commonly Used Internet Protocol

It helps determine how a specific computer

It works almost similar to TCP but it throws all

It is a protocol used primarily on small

It is used to download e-mail from a remote

How TCP and UDP work?

A TCP connection is established with the aid of three-way handshake. It is a

Key Difference between TCP and UDP

Published: July 25, 2014

Learning Task 1.4 Let's Connect

How to accomplish the activity?

1. Accomplished the template.

Cope,S. (n.d) “Basic Networking Concepts-Beginners Guide” Retrieved from

Cloudflare (n.d.) “What is the Internet Protocol?” Retrieved from

ThousandEyes (n.d.)”IPv4 vs. IPv6.” Retrieved from

ESDS (2014, November 3) “What is an IP Packet?” Retrieved from

Guru99 (n.d.)”TCP vs. UDP: What’s the Difference?” Retrieved from

Rcampus (n.d.)”iRubric: Scoring Rubric For Essay Questions. “Retrieved from

Lujero, Rosalie P. et al (2013) Computer Hardware Servicing Learner’s Material pp

Learning Resource 2.1. Overview

a. define network device;

Learning Task 2.1: Pre-Assessment

Learning Resource 2.2 Network Devices

• Bridge – a network bridge joins two separate computer

• Switch – is aware of addresses associated with each of

• Router - A router has a lot more capabilities than other

• Modem – it is a device that enables a computer to send or

• Ethernet card – it is also known as Network Interface Card

• Wi-Fi Card – Wi-Fi is the acronym for wireless fidelity. Wi-

• Repeaters – are network devices operating at physical layer

• RJ45 connector – a registered jack (RJ) is a standardized

• UTP cable – Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) is a ubiquitous type

Published: December 4, 2018

Video 2: Network Devices

-data on the cable network

Learning Task 2.2 Identify Me

Learning Task 2.3 What do I do?

How to accomplish the activity?