International Journal of Humanities Social Science and Management (IJHSSM)

Volume 3, Issue 2, Mar.-Apr. 2023, pp: 193-200 www.ijhssm.org

Herbal mouthwash a compressive study: the Review

Tushar Ajay Dhoot 1 ,Surajkumar Bhaskarao Rathod 2 ,Dr.Nitin B.Kohale 3
1
Student of pharmacy,Vardhaman College Of Pharmacy,Koli ,Karanja Lad[MH]444105, 2Faculty Of Pharmacy,
Vardhaman College Of Pharmacy,Koli ,Karanja Lad[MH]4441053Principal, Vardhaman College Of
Pharmacy,Koli ,Karanja Lad[MH]444105 Email:[email protected].

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Date of Submission: 05-03-2023 Date of Acceptance: 17-03-2023
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tooth loss,and a lower quality of life [8]. Thus,
ABSTRACT gingivitis and other related disorders can betreated
The purpose of this studywas to prescribe and and prevented with good plaque reduction [9]. The
evaluate herbal mouthwashes andto assess their most widelyused self-performed oral hygiene
effectiveness against the microbial burden of the oral technique for mechanicallyremoving dental plaque at
cavity. Plantmaterial was collected to extract water- themoment is brushing. However, the majority of
soluble components. The prepared mouthwash was people find this mechanical approach to be
further evaluated for its physicochemical properties insufficiently effective[10], suggesting that chemical
and antimicrobial activity. Effects of herbal plaque reduction by mouthwashes may be
mouthrinse as an adjunct to daily oral hygiene on advantageous as well.
plaque and inflammation control compared to
placebo and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse in the GUAVA
treatment of gingivitis. Various herbal products and
their extracts, such as guava, pomegranate, neem,
propolis, tulsi, green tea, cranberry, and grapefruit,
have shown distinct advantages over chemical
products. It can offer you greater advantages than
The ability to use natural products to formulate
mouthwashes that are easy to prepare at home and
safe to use could lead to improvements in people's
general dental health. Randomly he divided a
sample of her 105 children aged 12 to 15 into three Fig.1 Guava
groups: neem, mango and chlorhexidine mouthwash
groups.Medicinal plants play an important role in the Use of Guava Guava (Psidium guajava) as
healing of disease due to their decades- mouthwash In southern Nigeria, the branches are
longantibacterial and antifungal activity against used as chewing sticks and the presence of bioactive
human pathogens. compounds consisting of saponins, tannins,
KEYWORDS flavonoids and alkaloids is responsible for their
Mouthrinse, Pathogens, Herbalmouthwash, effectiveness. When used without toothpaste,
Medicine chewing sticks are highly efficient,effective, and
reliable in cleaning teeth.Teeth of chewing stick
I. INTRODUCTION users are typicallystrong, clean, fresh, and free of
Research has connected specific oral plaque and cavities. None [14]. In Brazil, guava is
diseases such dental caries, periodontal disease, and considered an astringent and diuretic, and is used for
bad breath to oral bacteria, particularly those with the same ailments as in Peru.The decoction is also
adherent biofilm features. [1., 2.] 70% to 100% of recommended as a mouthwash for sore
people worldwide have gingivitis, which is directly throats,laryngitis, and swelling in the mouth.It is
linked to tooth plaque [3, 4], which has negative highly efficient, effective and reliable in cleaning
effects on oral health [5-7]. Although gingivitis is the teeth of many people in southern Nigeria who
treatable by controlling plaque, it can advance with are used without toothpaste.The teeth of chewstick
poordental hygiene and eventually impair the entire users are typically strong, clean and fresh. , freeof
periodontal attachment system ofthe affected teeth, plaque and cavities. These results demonstrate the
leading to further negative effects such periodontitis, evidence of tea prevention and protection against

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caries and plaque by the samples used. In Ghana and daily self-medication. Oral hygiene performed by
Nigeria, the leaves are chewed to relieve toothache. patients with gingivitis. Without this information,
A decoction of the root bark comprehensive evidence-based advice to patients
is recommended as a mouthwash for andphysicians is not possible. Therefore, the aim of
swollen gums, and a decoction of the leavesis an this study was to conduct a systematic review and
effective mouthwash for swollen and bleeding gums meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
[15]. Plaque is a complex biofilm that accumulates (RCTs) to determine the overall effect of herbal
on tooth surfaces and contains over 500 speciesof mouthrinses as an adjunct to daily oral hygiene on
bacteria [16,17]. Plaque is produced by initial both plaque and inflammation. , was to be compared
bacterial colonization of the salivary membrane of with either negative placebo or negative. CHX -
tooth enamel, followed by secondary colonization by mouthwash in the treatment of gingivitis.
antimicrobial adhesion [18-20]. Anterior tooth
disease affects the supporting tissues of the tooth. NEEM
Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease
and is commonly caused by poor oral hygiene.
Gingivitis is characterized by inflammation and
bleeding of the gums. The main cause of gingivitis
is plaque that forms on the surfaces of the teeth and
gums. Mechanical plaque control measures are used
as a mainstay of oral hygiene. Mechanical plaque
control techniques are time consuming and require
motivation and skill to perform successfully.
Antimicrobial agents are therefore widely used as a Fig.2 Neem
complement tomechanical cleaning. Some
antimicrobial chemicals such as chlorhexidine, Brushing neem with neem and mango
metronidazole. was used for However, these man- twigs and chewing neem leaves and seedsafter
made drugs have unpleasant side effects, which is meals are traditional dental care practices in India.
why researchers are turning more attention to herbal and contains substancessuch as nimbin and
medicines.anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, etc. [21, nimvidin, which have antibacterial properties. Use
22]. Neem has antibacterial, antifungal and anti- neem (useAzardika indica as mouthwash)
inflammatory properties long ago. Clove exhibits mouthwash. The first known use of neem by
analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. [22] theHarappan culture of ancient India dates back to
Herbal medicines derived from plant sources have 4500 years ago. The history of the neem tree is
long been used for inhibition in dentistry closely related to the history of the Native American
Microorganisms reduce inflammation, soothe way of life.Today, neem extract is used as an
irritation, and relieve pain [23–25]. A number of antiseptic, against internal and externalparasites, or
herbal mouthwashes have recently been reported to simply as an herbal mouthwash to treat a variety of
have achieved promising results in controlling plaque skin ailments [33]. Neem extract is also highly
and gingivitis [26, 27]. Herbal mouthwashes are effective as a non-toxic repellent, insecticide, and
designed andmanufactured using extracts and insecticide [34]. Nearly all research on neem points
essential oils of phytotherapeutic plants containing a to its antibacterial properties, but recent studies
blend of active ingredients such as catechins, tannins usually mention it in passing, emphasizing recent
and sterols [28,29]. Mixing substances usually has a discoveries or focusing on more specific uses. Most
mild therapeutic effect. Compared to the of this work has been done in the laboratory, as
antimicrobial mechanisms provided by synthetic bacteria are relatively easy to treat (unlike viruses
chemicals, herbal mouthwashesmay have additional and cancer. This is an important issue both in
anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that developing countries with limited professional
mayfurther benefit gum health [30]. Numerous dental care and in developed countries with aging
Herbal MouthwashesInstalled and tested. However, populations. Neem sticks or bark extracts have been
results in the existing literature regarding the clinical shown to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans
effects ofherbal mouthwashes on plaque and [35]. Wolinski et al. Neem derived from bark-
gingivitis control compared with placebo orCHX are bearing rods(neem canes) of A. indica against
inconsistent [31–33], suggesting that the overall bacterial aggregation, growth, adhesion to
effect of herbal mouthwashes Thereis little meta- hydroxyapatite, and production of insoluble glucans
analytic evidence tosupport it. As a supplementto that may affect plaque formation in vitro studied the
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inhibitory effect of an aqueous extract of chronic periodontal infections, but also relieves pain
Gallotannin-rich neem stick extract and melaphis and aids in bone regeneration.In a Brazilian study,
chinensis extract inhibit the synthesis of insoluble patients used propolis mouthwash for 45 days after
glucans. Incubation of oral streptococci with neem oral surgery. . In another propolis mouthwash study
stick extracts resulted in microscopically observable (double-blind, crossover), 6 volunteers who did not
bacterial clumps.[35]. Indentistry, an acronym for use oral hygiene other than mouthwash (twice daily
indica, has also shown good efficacy in treating for 3 days) compared to those who used
periodontal disease [36]. A small Indian study placebo.[42]. A laboratory study using saliva
suggested that a dental gel containing A. indica samples from 25 healthy individuals and her 25
extract significantly reduced plaque index and patients with chronic periodontitis showed a
bacterial count compared to a positive control significant inhibition of microbial growth by
(chlorhexidine 0.2%). Streptococcus mutans (S. propolis in both groups [43]
mutans) is a salivary shortcut and has been found to
be significantly reduced [37]. Positive effects on TULSI
dental health have been reported in epidemiological
studies, including the efficacy of herbal mouthwash
extracts andreduction of dental caries, among other
natural bioactive products [38-39].

PROPOLIS

Fig.4 Tulsi

Use tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) as a

mouthwash. Tulsi is a small plant and subshrubwith
multiple uses. Ayurveda mentions the importance of
using it medicinally.The leaves are very effective
for mouth ulcers and infections. Chewing a few
leaves cures these conditions. Herbs help with tooth
Fig.3 Propolis disease. Its leaves are dried in the sun and ground
into a powder that can be used to brush your teeth. It
Using Propolis as a Mouthwash Bee can also be mixed with patterned oils to form a paste
Propolis Proven to Help Many Dental Conditions- and used as atoothpaste. It is very good for
From plaque and cavities to gum disease, mouth maintaining dental health, fighting bad breath,
ulcers and other health benefits. When added to andmassaging gums. anti-inflammatory and anti-
toothpaste, it prevents periodontitis and has anti- infective properties ofTursimakita (44Green), an
plaque/anti-inflammatory benefits [40]. In root canal effective treatment for periodontal disease
treatment, a 4% alcoholic solution made from bee
propolis glue is added to the root canal filling
material. The adhesive not only fights acute and
GREEN TEA

Fig.5 Green Tea

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Green Tea Uses of Green Tea (Camellia fungal infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm,
sinensis) as a Mouthwash It can be usedas a crabs, lice, and parasites such as scabies, or as a
mouthwash or mouthwash to treat tooth decay, bad rinse tothwart candida. We evaluated the formulation
breath, laryngitis, stomatitis, plaque buildup, sore and evaluation of the drug as a newproduct that is
throat, thrush, tonsillitis.lungs), flu, insect bites, safe and non-toxic for children and pregnant
wounds. It can be prepared as a bath powder to treat women.[45]

FORMULATION OF HERBAL MOUTH WASH

INGREDIENT BOTNICALNAME PLANT PART FUNCTIONS PERCENTAG-

-E
Neem Azadiractaindica Bark, Steam Antimicrobial 30%
Colve Eugenia Caryophyllus Flowerbud Analgesic,Ant 30%
iinflammatory
Cinnamon CinnamomUmzey Bark Flavouring 20%
Lanicum agent,Bacteriocidal
Liquorics GlycyrrhizaGlabara Root GlycyrrhizaGlabara 20%
Salt - - Osmolytic 10%
Preservative
SodiumBenzoat - - Preservative 0.2%
Table.1.1. Formulation of Herbal Mouthwash

ORAL MUCOSITIS(OM)

Fig.6 Oral Mucositis

Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most medicine offers empirical herbal decoctions for
common side effects in cancer patients treated with gargling to prevent chemotherapy-induced OM.
chemotherapy and can significantly impair a However, evidence for its clinical efficacy and
patient's ability to function and impair their quality safety is lacking. Therefore, we provide a protocol to
of life, resulting in poor treatment outcomes. may be evaluate the preventive efficacy and safety of herbal
delayed or incomplete. Traditional Chinese mouthwash in chemotherapy-induced OM.[46]

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PERIDONTAL DISEASE

Fig.7 Periodontal disease

Periodontal disease can lead to destruction bacteria. Keeps you healthy and fresh inside. Unlike
of ligaments, cementum, gums, and alveolar bone. most over-the-counter cosmetic and therapeutic
Plaque is the most important etiology of gingivitis. mouthwashes, natural mouthwashes typically do not
Plaque control can therefore be achieved using contain:
instant herbal mouthwashes.Mouthwashes have the Alcohol ,Sugar ,artificial colour ,Artificial
ability to deliver therapeutic ingredients and sweetener (saccharin) ,Stannous fluoride, a
components to the organisms present on the surface processed form of fluoride that colors teeth
of the mouth. Chlorhexidine is considered the gold ,Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) also causes
standardmouthwash, but long-term use not only discoloration ,Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), a
stains teeth, but it also has serious side effects such chemical associated with various health issuessuch
as contact dermatitis and IgE-mediated as premenstrual syndrome, menopausal symptoms,
hypersensitivity (Monica Lamba, (2015). The role of male fertility and breastcancer.Harsh Chemical
junk food in affecting the oral cavity The human Preservatives and Colorants [48].
cavity is high and inevitable. Foods such as sweets,
chocolate, jellies, and jams contain a lot of sugar. II. CONCLUSION
Children and teenagers typically tend to consume Within the limits of this current study, we
these types of sugary products, but sugar contains can conclude that herbal mouthwash has potential
insoluble glucans that attach to toothenamel, leading benefits in controlling plaque and inflammation as an
to the formation of tooth decay. It is another major adjunct to daily oral hygiene in patients with
destroyer of tooth enamel as it erodes tooth enamel gingivitis. While no difference was observed
and can even lead to deep dentin rashes and tooth between the herbal and CHX mouthwashes in the
discoloration. , removes retained food particles in a study, the Zone of Inhibition results showed that
short time [47]. these herbal mouthwashes were potent plaque
inhibitors, theirtaste, ease of use , and also confirmed
USE OF MOUTHWASH that it was preferred by patients for the test period.
Mouthwash should only be used for short periods of Therefore, they can be used as an adjunct to
time and should not be theonly means of hygiene. mechanical therapy for the treatment of plaque-
Can beused when: bad breath ,Mucositis induced gingivitis. This study has important
,Periodontal disease ,xerostomia ,Socket cleaning implicationsin creating effective and cost-effective
,Vincent's Sanguina ,Control plaque, Trellive pie herbal oral health interventions for low
,Fluoride release effective in preventing tooth decay socioeconomic communities. However, this study
,Reduce inflammation [48] was a short-term study, and larger, long-term studies
are needed. The natural herbs used in current
BENEFITS OF HERBAL MOUTHWASH formulations have been medically proven to prevent
Mouthwash is very important to prevent oral health and bad breath problems. For years and
periodontal disease. There are very fewtruly herbal decades these herbs have been known to do wonders,
mouthwashes on the market. Substances like tea tree which is reflected in numerous studies. and keep you
oil have been found to naturally fight harmful away from various macawhealth problems.

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American Dental Hygienists' Association,

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