Precalculus 1-01 Name: ___________________

Precalculus
1-01 The Cartesian Plane

Cartesian Plane
• _______________________quadrants
• Point is _______________________
Graph A(3, 2)
Graph B(−1, 4)

Distance formula
• _______________________Theorem
• 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2
• ሺ𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ሻ2 + ሺ𝑦2 − 𝑦1 ሻ2 = 𝑑 2
𝑑 = ඥሺ𝑥2 − 𝑥1 ሻ2 + ሺ𝑦2 − 𝑦1 ሻ2

Midpoint formula
• _______________________of the points (mean)
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑀=൬ , ൰
2 2
Find the (a) distance and (b) midpoint between (−1, 3) and (2, −5)

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Precalculus 1-02 Name: ___________________

Precalculus
1-02 Graphs

Basic graphing method

• Make a _____________________
• Choose _____________________, Calculate _____________________
Graph 𝑦 = 3 − 0.5𝑥

Intercepts
• Point where a graph _____________________the axes
• To find the intercepts
o x-intercept
▪ Let _____________________ and solve for x
o y-intercept
▪ Let _____________________ and solve for y

Find the intercepts of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 2

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Precalculus 1-02 Name: ___________________
Circles
• ሺ𝑥 − ℎሻ2 + ሺ𝑦 − 𝑘ሻ2 = 𝑟 2
o where _____________________ is the center
o _____________________is the radius
Graph ሺ𝑥 + 2ሻ2 + ሺ𝑦 − 1ሻ2 = 4

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus
 Precalculus
1-03 Linear Equations in Two Variables

Slope-intercept form
• 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
o m = ____________________(rate of change)
o (0, b) = ____________________
• 𝑦 = 𝑏 → ____________________line
• 𝑥 = 𝑎 → ____________________line

To graph a line (shortcut)

1. Plot ____________________
2. Follow the ____________________to get a couple more points
3. Draw a ____________________through the points
Find the slope and y-int and graph 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 4

Slope
𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
• 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 =
𝑟𝑢𝑛
𝑦2 −𝑦1
• 𝑚=
𝑥2 −𝑥1
• If slope is
o m > 0 → ____________________
o m = 0 → ____________________
o m < 0 → ____________________
o m undefined → ____________________
Find the slope of the line passing through (−3, −2) and (1, 6)
Write Linear Equations
1. Find ____________________(m)
2. Find a ____________________on the line ሺ𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ሻ
3. Use ____________________form 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚ሺ𝑥 − 𝑥1 ሻ
Find slope-intercept form of the line passing through (2, 4) with m = 3.

Parallel and Perpendicular

• Parallel → ____________________slope
• Perpendicular → slopes are ____________________ ____________________
o 𝑚1 ∙ 𝑚2 = −1
Find the equation of the line passing through (2, 1) and perpendicular to 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3.
Precalculus 1-04 Name: ___________________

Precalculus
1-04 Functions and Functional Notation

Relation
• Rule that relates ____________________

Function
• Special ____________________
• A function f from set A to set B is a relation that assigns each element x in set A to
____________________one element in set B
• Set A: ____________________, ____________________
• Set B: ____________________, ____________________
Is this a function?

x −2 −1 0 1 2

y −8 −1 0 1 8

𝑥2 + 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 = 16

Functional Notation
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4

__________________ __________________ __________________

If 𝑓(𝑦) = 3 − √𝑦, evaluate

𝑓(4) 𝑓(4𝑥 2 )

Piecewise functions
• Function made of ____________________function with specific ____________________
2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 < 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
2𝑥 + 2, 𝑥 ≥ 0
Evaluate 𝑓(−1) 𝑓(2)

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus
Precalculus 1-04 Name: ___________________
Domain of a function
• Implied domain - all real numbers for which the expression is ____________________

Interval notation
• [ ] means ____________________
• ( ) means ____________________
• (2, 7] means ____________________
What is the domain?
4
ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑓(𝑥) = √5𝑥 − 8
𝑡

Difference Quotient
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
ℎ
Simplify the difference quotient for 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus
Precalculus 1-05 Name: ___________________

Precalculus
1-05 Graphs of Functions

Domain and range from a graph

• Domain: part of _______________________ covered by graph
• Range: part of _______________________ covered by graph

Vertical Line Test

• A graph represents a function if _______________________
_______________________line can touch _______________________ on the graph

Zeros of a function
• x-value such that _______________________
• _______________________
• To find, make 𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ = 0 and solve for x
Find the zeros of 𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ = 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 30

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus
Precalculus 1-05 Name: ___________________
Analyzing Graphs
• Increasing (_______________________from left to right)
• Decreasing (_______________________from left to right)
• Constant (_______________________)
• Relative minimum (_______________________point in area)
• Relative maximum (_______________________point in area)

Rate of Change
• Average rate of change = _______________________between 2 points

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus
Precalculus 1-06 Name: ___________________

Precalculus
1-06 Graphs of Parent Functions

Parent Functions
Constant Function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐, Absolute Value Function Cubic Function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 ,
• Domain is ___________________.
𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|, • Domain is ____________________
• Range is ____________________ • Domain is ____________________ • Range is ____________________
• Neither increasing or • Range is ____________________ • Increasing on (−∞, ∞).
decreasing. • Decreasing on (−∞, 0) and • Symmetric ___________________
• Symmetric ___________________ increasing on (0, ∞).
• Symmetric ___________________

1
Reciprocal Function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥,
Linear Function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥,
Quadratic Function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 , • Domain is ____________________
• Domain is ____________________
• Range is ____________________
• Range is ____________________ • Domain is ____________________
• Decreasing on (−∞, 0) and
• Increases from (−∞, ∞). • Range is ____________________ (0, ∞).
• Symmetric ___________________ • Decreasing over (−∞, 0) • Symmetric ___________________
and increasing on (0, ∞). and ___________________________
• Symmetric __________________

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus
Precalculus 1-06 Name: ___________________
3
Reciprocal Squared Function Square Root Function 𝑓(𝑥) = ξ𝑥, Cube Root Function 𝑓(𝑥) = ξ𝑥 ,
1
𝑓(𝑥) = , • Domain is ____________________ • Domain is ____________________
𝑥2

• Domain is ____________________ • Range is ____________________. • Range is ____________________

• Range is ____________________ • Increasing on (0, ∞). • Increasing over (−∞, ∞).
• Increasing on (−∞, 0) and • Symmetric ___________________ • Symmetric ___________________
decreasing on (0, ∞).
• Symmetric ___________________

Piecewise Functions
• At the boundary,
o If equal → ____________________ dot
o If not equal → ____________________ dot
3𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 1
Graph 𝑔(𝑥) = ൜ 2
𝑥 , 𝑥>1

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus
Precalculus 1-07 Name: ___________________

Precalculus
1-07 Transformations of Functions

Translations (shift) Dilations

• ____________________the graph • Stretch/Shrink
• Horizontal • Horizontal
o 𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ = 𝑓ሺ𝑥 − ℎሻ o 𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ = 𝑓ሺ𝑏𝑥ሻ
o h shifts ____________________ o Stretch by ____________________
• Vertical • Vertical
o 𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ = 𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ + 𝑘 o 𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ = 𝑎𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ
o k shifts ____________________ o Stretch by ____________________
For 𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ = ȁ𝑥ȁ, write a function with a vertical shift of 3
down and 2 right. Put it all together
𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ = 𝑎𝑓ሺ𝑏𝑥 − ℎሻ + 𝑘
• a = ____________________stretch
1
• = ____________________stretch
𝑏
• h = ____________________shift right
• k = ____________________shift up
Reflections
• Vertical
o ____________________
o 𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ = −𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ
• Horizontal
o ____________________
o 𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ = 𝑓ሺ−𝑥ሻ

Given 𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ = 2 − ሺ𝑥 + 5ሻ2

Identify the parent function

Describe the transformations

Sketch the graph

Use functional notation to write g in terms of f

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus
Precalculus 1-07 Name: ___________________

Write the function for

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus
Precalculus 1-08 Name: ___________________

Precalculus
1-08 Combinations of Functions

Combining Functions
• Add (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
• Subtract (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
• Multiply (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
• Divide ( ) (𝑥) =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)

If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2, find

(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)

𝑓
(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) ( ) (𝑥)
𝑔

Composition
• (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
• ______________________g into f
If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1, find
f∘g g∘f

• Domain of (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔) is all x in domain of _________________such that ______________________ is in the domain of __________________.

• x→g→f
1
If 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = , find the domain of f ∘ g
𝑥

Decompose
• Find 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) so that (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥)
• Pick a portion to be g(x), then replace that with x to get f(x)
3 8−𝑥
Decompose ℎ(𝑥) = 2|𝑥 + 3| Decompose ℎ(𝑥) = √
5

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus
Precalculus 1-09 Name: ___________________

Precalculus
1-09 Inverse Functions

Inverse functions
• Switch ____________________
• Switch ____________________and ____________________
• Verify inverses by showing ____________________and ____________________
𝑥+4
Verify that 𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ = 7𝑥 − 4 and 𝑔ሺ𝑥ሻ = are inverses
7

Graphs of inverses
• Reflected over line ____________________

One-to-one
• A function is one-to-one if each y corresponds to ____________________one x.
• Passes the ____________________line test
• Inverse of a 1-to-1 is a ____________________

Finding inverses
1. ____________________f(x) with y
2. ____________________x and y
3. ____________________for y
4. If you did step 1, ____________________y with 𝑓 −1 ሺ𝑥ሻ
3
Find the inverse of 𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ = ξ10 + 𝑥

Find the inverse of 𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ = 𝑥 2 − 2, 𝑥 < 0

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus
Precalculus 1-10 Name: ___________________

Precalculus
1-10 Mathematical Modeling

Mathematical modeling
• Find a function to _______________________
• Least squares regression (_______________________)
• Gives the _______________________line
• The amount of error is given by the ______________________________________________(r)

Number (in 1000s) of female USAF personnel, P, on active duty

Find a model with t = 0 being 2000

Real-Life Problems
• Slope = _______________________

Interpolation and Extrapolation

• Interpolation
o _______________________data
o _______________________error
• Extrapolation
o _______________________of data
o _______________________error

Variations
• Direct _______________________ o 𝑥 ↑, 𝑦 ↓
o 𝑥 ↑, 𝑦 ↑ • Joint _______________________
• Inverse _______________________ • a = _______________________
A company found the demand for its product varies inversely as the price of the product. When the price is $2.75, the demand
is 600 units. Write an equation.

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with Richard Wright’s Precalculus