Summary of the book

Title: RESEARCH FOR HIGHER DEGREES

Author: Isaac Eyi Ngulube(PhD)

Summary of Chapter Seven: Documentation

This chapter surrenders its life to just one of the expedient Issues of modern research- plagiarism.
For this reason, this chapter beams an introduction to the needs and inclusion of documentation (
as prescribed by the MLA Handbook) which procures the ideal of documenting sources as part
of the writing process. This chapter represents in detail the concept of plagiarism. Plagiarism is
"the wrongful appropriation, purloining, and publication of another author’s language, thoughts,
ideas, or expressions and representation of them as his original work” (MLA). It is a literary theft
and a punishable offense for writers to present another person’s work idea, Theory, or data as if
it were their work.
The extracts from this chapter of the textbook have induced in the heads of a reader the idea
behind plagiarism.
The chapter has highlighted a few things of dire attention. highlight a: Penalty for Students
Plagiarism. it draws a mark as an academic theft and theft as an offense is punishable by law so
also academics punish defaulters for plagiarism. the highlights b: States Self-Plagiarism, which
dives into plagiarism on a self side. at first, the chapter saw a definition of plagiarism. but for a
case of understanding the subtitle, we again look into the idea of plagiarism using what’s called
(APA) the American Psychiatric Association, which will later be summarized as chapter 9. The
APA handbook defines plagiarism as "the practice of claiming credit for the words ideas and
concepts of others”. that’s plagiarism now what self-plagiarism reads: "the practice of presenting
one’s own previously published work as though it were new. It is the use of significant identical
or nearly identical portions of one’s work without acknowledging it or sighting the original”
The APA and MLA referencing style guide is used as the standard of measuring plagiarism, it
helps readers as much as writers understand all forms through which plagiarism can be mutated.
Below is an example of a plagiarized thought as stated in the books chapter. The original idea
presented by Walter A. McDougal. It reads:
Walter A. MacDougall states- "American exceptionalism as our founders consider it was
defined by what America was at home, foreign policy existed to defend not define what America
was”. Another auto represents this idea without appropriation to the source of the idea, he states
"for the founding fathers' American exceptionalism was based on the country’s domestic identity
which foreign policy did not shape but mainly guarded”. this Author is a plagiarist, he borrowed
an idea without full documentation that the Idea wasn’t his.
But in other not to fall fault of this rule, the borrower, author can render this as: Walter A.
McDougall argued for the founding fathers, America's exceptionalism was based on the
country’s domestic identity which foreign policy did not shape but merely guarded ).
With the citation, the author is free from the shackles of punishment plagiarism brings.

Summary of Chapter 8: MLA Style Guide

 The Modern Language Association (MLA), in 1951, having William Riley Parker as its
executive director, was the first to prescribe official writing conventions for scholars and
researchers. This chapter view all that pertains to the body of MLA, their principles
which is their writing style as recommended in the MLA style sheet, MLA handbook, and
the MLA journal. This Chapter has drawn copy guide into the use of the MLA standard
of writing, documentation (citation/reference). So far a condensed summary would be
presented as to what Chapter 8 prescribed as the precipice of MLA.
This chapter begins early enough to state the principles of MLA style.
 a) cite simple traits shared by most works
 b) your documentation should be useful to readers. researchers have as a habit the
business of bombarding their works with irrelevant prescribe ideas and unnecessary and
not-so-useful citations as it relates to their work. But the MLA has solved that in its 8th
edition publication of the MLA style, saying; to cite simple traits shared by most work
only, useful documentation to readers should be added to your works. Further into the
chapter, there is a reason for the under spoken above: Think, Select, Organize. the think-
evaluation of your sources need fully would help ascertain the Intel of your selected
authors work. the select- gathering information about your sources would need fully be a
no-do-without as not all information on net can be and his channelable to one’s work and
lastly the organize- creating a documentation and final overview and representation of all
gathered references would have to be organized alphabetically that is in order of first
letters as prescribed by the MLA Style. what next the chapter has to say is detailing as per
work cited. The list below is for a matter of clarity expanded with the author given at list
a one-page to each beginning number 1, 2, 3 and 4, and 5 counting to 9 giving clarity as
its nature demand. the core elements as listed in this chapter are:
 Author
 Title of source
 Title of container
 Other contributors
 Version
 Number
 Publisher
 Publication date
 Location
Below is a separation of these core elements in a citation below as found in this chapter
Poe, Edgar Allan, 'The Masque of the Red Death’. The Complete Works of Edgar Poe,
0
8
0
6
Author 5 title of source title of the container
5
8
edited by James A9Harrison, Vol 4, Thomas Y. Cromwell, 1902, pp. 250- 58
9
9
other contributors number publisher publication date location

Summary of Chapter 9: APA Style Guide

Developed 80 years ago and at date, is seen as the writer's choice for documentation style. The
author did superb to the rules of the APA style, as much as was done in the previous chapter to
the MLA style guide. Worthy of more about the APA style as presented in this chapter by the
author, is its concise citation module and easy to locate analog in any sphere cited in.
Much is given In pages, examples of patterns in using the APA style guide in this chapter .
Journals, Magazine, Newspapers in print format:
Ollor, I. J., phonological operations. Working papers: Journal of English Studies. (7th Issue) l.
Clear type & Pak
Online journals, magazines, newspapers
Amala, B, & Yeye, N. (2015). Inside Management teams: Developing a teamwork survey
instrument. British Journal of Management, 18, 138-153. Doi: 10111/j.1467-8551.2014.00507.x
In-Text Citation
The APA citation format requires parenthetical citations within the text rather than endnotes or
footnotes (The Manual). In-text citations consist of the surname of the author and the year of
publication. if there is no author use the title (or a short form of the title if it is lengthy) and the
year. titles that are italicized in a reference list are italicized in a test; titles that are not italicized
in the reference list appear in quotation marks. “if there is no date, 'n. d’ (without quotation)
instead.
YouTube
The chapter prescribes according to the APA style citation from a YouTube channel:
Author, A, A. [Screen name]. (year month day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from
htttp://xxxxxxxx
Bibliography versus Reference List
APA style includes a reference list rather a bibliography with your paper. What is the difference?
A reference list consist of all sources cited in the text of a paper listed alphabetically by authors
surname. A bibliography however may include resources that were consulted but not cited in a
text as well as annotated description of each one. The bibliography is organized chronologically
or by subjects rather than alphabetically.