Smart irrigation system

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI-590018

A PROJECT REPORT ON

“SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM”

Submitted for the fulfillment of the requirements of the award of the degree
of Bachelor of Engineering in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by
BHARATH K J 1GG20EC006
CHETHAN M 1GG20EC010
GOWTHAM K B 1GG20EC016

Under the guidance of

Dr. IMRAN KHAN

Head of the department, ECE Govt. Engineering College, Ramanagara

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, RAMANAGARA

B.M.Road, Ramanagara – 562159
2023-2024
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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, RAMANAGARA

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM” is a
bonafide work carried out by BHARATH K J (1GG20EC006) , CHETHAN M
(1GG20EC010),GOWTHAM K B (1GG20EC016) impartial fulfillment for the award
of degree Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering of
Visvesvaraya technological university, Belgaum during the academic year 2023-2024.
The Project has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with respect to
the seminar work prescribed for the B.E degree.

Signature of the Project Signature of the HOD Signature of the co-ordinator

Guide
Dr.IMRAN KHAN Dr. IMRAN KHAN Mr.UMESH H S
Prof.& HOD Prof. & HOD Asst.proff

Dept. of E&C Dept. of E&C Dept. of E&C

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Government Engineering College, Ramanagara

DODDAMANNU GUDDE, B.M ROAD RAMANAGARA-562159

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT

We hereby declare that the entire work of the project titled “SMART IRRIGATION
SYSTEM” embodied in this project report has been carried out by BHARATH K J
(1GG20EC006), CHETHAN M (1GG20EC010), GOWTHAM K B (1GG20EC016)
during the 6th semester of Bachelor of Engineering degree at Government Engineering
College, Ramanagara .

Under the guidance of Dr.IMRAN KHAN(Head of the department Dept. of ECE)

affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi.The work embodied in this
dissertation work is original and it has not been submitted in part or full for any other
degree in any University

.
BHARATH K J 1GG20EC006
CHETHAN M 1GG20EC010
GOWTHAM K B 1GG20EC016

Place: Government Engineering

College,Ramanagara

Date: 17/07/2023
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT :

We consider it as a privilege to whole - heatedly express our gratitude and respect to

each And every one who guided and helped us in the successful completion of this
project. We consider ourselves proud to be part of Government Engineering College
Ramanagara. The institute stood by us throughout our endeavor career.

We express my sincere gratitude to our Principal Dr. G Pundarika (Principal,

Government Engineering College, Ramanagara) for his continuous support and
guidance.
We wish to place on record my grateful thanks to Dr. Imran Khan, Professor and
Head of the Department, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government
Engineering College, Ramanagara, for providing encouragement and guidance.

We consider it a privilege and honour to express my sincere gratitude to my guide

Dr. Imran khan head of the department Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering for his valuable guidance throughout the tenure of this
seminar work and whose support and encouragement made this work possible.

We wish to thank all the faculty of Electronics and Communication Engineering

department whose suggestions have enabled has to surpass many of the seemingly
impossible hurdles.
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TABEL OF CONTENT:

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

3. OBJECTIVES

4. LITERATYRE SURVEY

5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

6. COMPONENTS

7. FLOW CHART

8. FINAL OUTPUT

9. FLOW DAIGRAM

10. WORKING

11. APPLICATION

12. ADVANTAGES

13. CONCLUSION

14. FUTURE ADDITION

15. REFERENCE
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1. INTRODUCTION:

We all know that plants are very beneficial to all human beings in many
aspects. Plants helps in keeping the environment healthy by cleaning air
naturally and producing oxygen.

Many people love to have plants in their backyard. But due to civilization and
insufficiency of place many people used to grow plants in a mold or dirt, pot, and
placed on the windowsill.

This plants are dependent on conventional breeding - watering, and provide the right
amount of sun to sustain life and growth .

In busy schedule of day to day life, many time people forget to water their plants and
due to this plants suffers many disorders and ultimately died.

In addition, the world's biggest problem in modem society is the shortage of water
resources, agriculture is a demanding job to consume large amounts of water.

It is very essential to utilize the water resources in proper way.

Thus, a system is required, to handle this task automatically. Automated plant

watering system estimate and measure the existing plant and then supplies desired
amount of water needed by that plant.

It is minimizing the excess water use as well as keeping plants healthy. In daily
operations related to gardening watering is the most important practice.

No matter whichever weather it is, either too hot and dry or too cloudy and wet, you
want to be able to control the amount of water that reaches your plants.

Modern watering systems could be effectively used to water plants when they need
it. But this manual process of watering requires two important aspects to be
considered: when and how much to water.

In order to replace manual activities and making gardener's work easier, we have
create automatic plant watering system.

By adding automated plant watering system to the garden, you will help all of the
plants reach their fullest potential as well as conserving water.
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2. PROBLEM STATEMENT:

During day-to-day activities many people often forget to water their plants and thus
it becomes challenging for them to keep their plants healthy and alive.

Also, it is a challenge for people to maintain their home gardening system and
manage watering of plants during shortage of water.

Based on the above background, is necessary to implement the automated system

which will take care of plants considering all the different aspects of home
gardening system (for system based on household purpose) and helps them to grow
healthy.

Therefore this project aim to implement a simple system to water a small potted
plant or crop with minimal human intervention.
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3. OBJECTIVES:

* To develop system that automatically regulates the moisture of the

soil and ensures moisture essential for plant growth.

* To provide convenience in accessing the system at any time saving

the time is oneof the major purpose of this project.

* To save water and reduce human intervention in the agriculture field .

* To get the output of the sensor and provide water to the plants.

* To observe parameters for the better yield .

* In these project we replace the Arduino with the moister sensor camparator.

* With the help of the battery it will operate and mange the water supply.

* By the help of the moister sensor ,the moister sensor come to know about
soil is wet or dry.

* If it is dry it will supply the water .

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4. LITERATURE SURVEY:

Year Author Title Description

2018 Minavathi Smart irrigation This uses the arduino uno to
system by using water supply
IOT,GSM

2019 Nalini Smart irrigation This involve the arduino for

nagendhiran system by using multi crop cultivating
IOT

2020 Anitha and Asha Smart irrigation This model involve the
system using arduino and utilizing the
internet of things sensor to record the data and
store it in the cloud.
Then supply the water
basedon the cloud data
2021 Gayatri Smart irrigation This system as high
system accuracy and efficiency in
fetching the live data of the
field that is soil.

2022 Touhidal Hasan IOT based automatic It work with the help of
smart irrigation arduino micro controller to
system supply the water to the
plants
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5. CIRCIUT DIAGRAM:

6. COMPONENTS:
* 7805 Regulator

* 5V Relay module

* Moisture sensor comparator

* Soil moisture sensors

* DC Pump
* 9v Battery
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6.1 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR:

* Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil.[1] Since
the direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing,
drying, and weighting of a sample *
* The relay module ensures proper irrigation of the field turning it on when the
value of moisture is below the threshold value and turns off the supply when
the moisture content is sufficient for the crop or plant thereby preventing under
irrigation or over irrigation. *
* soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content indirectly by
* using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance,
dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture
content
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6.2 RELAY BOARD :

* A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to

mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such
as solid state relays.

* The relay module ensures proper irrigation of the field turning it on when the
value of moisture is below the threshold value and turns off the supply when
the moisture content is sufficient for the crop or plant thereby preventing under
irrigation or over irrigation.
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6.3 DC PUMP:

* The water pump will supply water to the plants. It will be connected to the
relay switch which will control water flow.
*
* A DC motor pump is essentially a DC Motor that is used to circulate water.
The internal structure is the same. *
* The DC motor is encased in a waterproof plastic casing and the shaftis used to
drive an external arm that pumps water. *
* The Pump requires a 5V supply, which can be easily provided by batteries.
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6.4 REGULATOR:

* This device maintain the system's desired performance by controlling excessive

inlet pressure

* water pressure regulator are made to reduce the flow of water

* This is a typical application circuit of the 7805 IC. We just need two capacitors
of vale 33uf and 0.1uf to get this IC working.

*The input capacitor 0.33uF is a ceramic capacitor that deals with input inductance
problem and the output capacitor 0.1uF is also a ceramic capacitor that adds to the
stability of the circuit. These capacitors should be placed close to the terminals for
them to work effectively. Also they should be of ceramic type, since ceramic
capacitors are faster than electrolytic.
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6.5 MOISTER SENSER CAMPARATOR:

* Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in the soil. The
two probes of the moisture sensor are connected to LM293 comparator.

* This sensor uses the two probes to pass current through the soil, and then it reads
that resistance to get the moisture level.

* LM393 Comparator IC is used as a voltage comparator in this Moisture

sensor module.

* Pin 2 of LM393 is connected to Preset ,while pin 3 is connected to Moisture

sensor pin.

* The comparator IC will compare the threshold voltage set using the preset (pin2)
and the sensor pin (pin3).

* This Moisture sensor module consists of a Moisture sensor, Resistors,

Capacitor, Potentiometer, Comparator LM393 IC, Power and Status LED in an
integrated circuit.
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6.6 PATCH CORDS:

* A patch cord is also known as a patch cable or patch lead, is an electrical cable
that is used to connect one electronic or optical device to another for signal
routing.

* Patch Cords are considered to be an essential part of the structured cabling system.

* They provide more flexibility when it comes to re-running cables

or swapping equipment in case of any damage or replacement.

* They are typically located closer to the actual equipment allowing you to use
shorter cables. Shorter cables lower the cable cost which makes them cost-
effective.
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7. FLOW CHART:

where m – detected moisture

level. x– threshold moisture level.
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8. FINAL OUTPUT:

* Here we done the project for both drip irrigation and the flood irrigation.

* Hence this model can be implemented for both the irrigation

* and we used 2 different relay ,sensors, pump power supply of 9v battery.

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9. FLOW DIAGRAM:

*From the flow diagram we can say that the working flow of this model

*Fristly the senser sense the soil ,if wet it give an signal to the relay to switch
on the dc pump.

*The operatoinal amplifier is controlled by the relay itself.

* When tha same sensor sense the wet condition the dc pump is going to off by
the Signal of relay module
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10. WORKING:

This model is basically to supply the water to the plants.

When soil moister sensor sense the water level in the soil ,the sensed
signal is passed to the relay .
Where relay is connected to the regulator .when sensor sends an signal the relay
gives the output depends on the sensor output .
If the sensor sense the moister the relay will off the dc motor but when it sensor the
moister it will on the dc motor The relay is connected to 9v dc supply .
This module will work automatic water supply to the plants by sensing the water
level .
The dc motor on and off is controlled by the relay as sensor sends signal .

If the sensor value is 1000 or more than that then the sensor is not in the soil or sensor
is disconnected.
If the sensor value is more than 600 but less than 1000 then the soil is dry.
If the sensor value is 370 to 600 then the soil is humid. If the sensor value is less
than 370 then the sensor in the water.
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11. APPLICATION:

* This project for both drip irrigation and the flood irrigation can be utilized

* Hence this model can be implemented for both the irrigation.

* Can be used in the home gardens.

* And also can be implemented in the public park.

* Highway road divider plants can watered by using this model.

* like metro station or bus stand if we consider we can manage and use
this project to water the plants.

* it makes greenery of the plants.

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12. ADVANTEGES:

* We propose an application to detect water deficiency state in soil

based exclusivelyon sensor-provided data.
In an Automated Irrigation System, the most significant advantage is that water is
supplied onlywhen the moisture in soil goes below a pre-set threshold value
.
* This system can be used in roof gardens in highly populated areas where
land isexpensive and gardening on rooftops seems like the only viable option
left.
Thelawns of houses and public buildings can be maintained by these systems,
thereby reducing the need for human monitoring.

* The greatest application is in agricultural lands, where farmers are assisted

greatly by this. There is no need for the farmer to actually be present during
operation.

* Gardens that need to be monitored in the absence of home owners require

systemslike APIS. Home gardens that are maintained with large effort by
home owners require proper observation and maintenance.

* Irrigation in parks needs to be done even when people are not there to maintain
the grass or trees.

* Reduced the work of Gardner.

* Timely watering plants being watered when needed.
*Management of higher flow rates.
*Accurate cut-off of water compared to manual checking.
*Reduced runoff of water and nutrients .
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13. CONCLUSION:

This study describe the use of the relay in the smart irrigation and help to water the
plants using the regulator and relay by replacing the Arduino .
We employ the soil moister sensor and soil moister comparator helps in the
maintain the water level in the soil surface.
Helps in maintaing the greenery of the plants always .

14. FUTURE ADDITION:

Adding the pesticide spray to the plants by analyzing the pesticide in the plants by an
image processing.
And also the GPS technology into the system.
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15. REFERENCES:

1. Smart irrigation system by using IOT,GSM : volume 119 No.15 2018

This involve the establishing a design technique of monitoring and controlling the
moister level of soil using LabVIEW

2. Smart multi-crop irrigation system using IOT AUTHOR- Nalini nagendhiran 2019 A Model
for programmed controlled water system frame work for multi-crop cultivating

3. Smart irrigation system using internet of things AUTHOR- Anitha and asha 2020
This paper proposed an iot based smart irrigation system utilizing sensor to record
the data and store it in the cloud stage.

4. Smart irrigation system .AUTHOR-M Gayathri :volume 9 issue 3 2021

This system as high accuracy and the efficiency in fetching the live data of filed
such as soil.

5. IOT based automatic irrigation sysetm AUTHOR- Touhidul Hasan 2022

It work with the help of the Arduino micro controller
If the soil is not dry, then they pass a higher current in the soil. By passing the current,
the sensor can check the moister of the soil and can help the server to take proper
decision.
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THANK YOU