Contents

Foreword ................................................................................... 5

Chapter 1: The Language of Algebra

Introduction ............................................................................... 6
The Order of Operations .......................................................... 11
Expressions and Equations ....................................................... 15
Properties of the Four Operations ........................................... 18
Simplifying Expressions ............................................................ 22
Growing Patterns 1 ................................................................... 26
The Distributive Property ........................................................ 29
Chapter 1 Review ...................................................................... 34

Chapter 2: Integers
Introduction .............................................................................. 36
Integers ...................................................................................... 41
Addition and Subtraction on the Number Line ..................... 45
Addition of Integers .................................................................. 49
Subtraction of Integers ............................................................. 52
Adding or Subtracting Several Integers ................................. 56
Distance and More Practice ..................................................... 58
Multiplying Integers ................................................................. 62
Dividing Integers ....................................................................... 67
Negative Fractions .................................................................... 69
The Order of Operations .......................................................... 73
Chapter 2 Mixed Review .......................................................... 75
Chapter 2 Review ...................................................................... 77

Chapter 3: Solving One–Step Equations

Introduction ............................................................................... 80
Solving Equations ..................................................................... 82
Addition and Subtraction Equations ...................................... 89
Multiplication and Division Equations ................................... 93

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 Word Problems ......................................................................... 97
Constant Speed ......................................................................... 100
Chapter 3 Mixed Review .......................................................... 107
Chapter 3 Review ...................................................................... 110

Chapter 4: Rational Numbers

Introduction .............................................................................. 112
Rational Numbers .................................................................... 116
Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers .......................... 124
Multiply and Divide Rational Numbers 1 ............................. 130
Multiply and Divide Rational Numbers 2 ............................. 134
Many Operations with Rational Numbers ............................ 141
Scientific Notation .................................................................... 145
Equations with Fractions ........................................................ 148
Equations with Decimals ......................................................... 153
Chapter 4 Mixed Review ......................................................... 156
Chapter 4 Review ..................................................................... 158

Chapter 5: Equations and Inequalities

Introduction .............................................................................. 163
Two-Step Equations ................................................................. 168
Two-Step Equations: Practice ................................................ 173
Growing Patterns 2 .................................................................. 177
A Variable on Both Sides ........................................................ 181
Some Problem Solving ............................................................. 187
Using the Distributive Property ............................................. 190
Word Problems ........................................................................ 196
Inequalities ............................................................................... 199
Word Problems and Inequalities ............................................ 204
Graphing .................................................................................. 206
An Introduction to Slope ......................................................... 210
Speed, Time and Distance ....................................................... 215
Chapter 5 Mixed Review ......................................................... 220
Chapter 5 Review ..................................................................... 223

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 Foreword
Math Mammoth Grade 7 comprises a complete math curriculum for the seventh grade mathematics studies. This is
a pre-algebra course, so students can continue to an algebra 1 curriculum after studying this.
The curriculum meets and actually exceeds the Common Core Standards (CCS) for grade 7. The two major areas
where it exceeds those standards are linear equations (chapter 5) and the Pythagorean Theorem (chapter 9). Linear
equations are covered in more depth than the CCS requires, and the Pythagorean Theorem belongs to grade 8 in the
CCS. You can access a document detailing the alignment information either on the Math Mammoth website or in
the download version of this curriculum.
The main areas of study in Math Mammoth Grade 7 are:
z The basics of algebra (expressions, equations, inequalities, graphing);
z Integers;
z Ratios, proportions, and percent;
z Geometry;
z Probability and statistics.
This book, 7-A, covers the language of algebra (chapter 1), integers (chapter 2), one-step equations (chapter 3),
rational numbers (chapter 4), and equations and inequalities (chapter 5). The rest of the topics are covered in the 7-
B worktext.
Some important points to keep in mind when using the curriculum:
z The two books (parts A and B) are like a “framework”, but you still have a lot of liberty in planning your
student’s studies. The five chapters in part 7-A are best studied in the order presented. However, you can
study the chapters on geometry, probability, and statistics at most any point during the year. The chapters on
ratios & proportions and percent (in part 7-B) are best left until the student has learned to solve one-step
equations (in chapter 3).
Math Mammoth is mastery-based, which means it concentrates on a few major topics at a time, in order to
study them in depth. However, you can still use it in a spiral manner, if you prefer. Simply have your student
study in 2-3 chapters simultaneously. This type of flexible use of the curriculum enables you to truly
individualize the instruction for the student.

z Don’t automatically assign all the exercises. Use your judgment, trying to assign just enough for your
student’s needs. You can use the skipped exercises later for review. For most students, I recommend to start
out by assigning about half of the available exercises. Adjust as necessary.
z For review, the curriculum includes a worksheet maker (Internet access required), mixed review lessons,
additional cumulative review lessons, and the word problems continually require usage of past concepts.
Please see more information about review (and other topics) in the FAQ at
https://www.mathmammoth.com/faq-lightblue.php

I heartily recommend that you view the full user guide for your grade level, available at
https://www.mathmammoth.com/userguides/
Lastly, you can find free videos matched to the curriculum at https://www.mathmammoth.com/videos/

I wish you success in teaching math!

Maria Miller, the author

Sample worksheet from

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 Chapter 1: The Language of Algebra
Introduction
In the first chapter of Math Mammoth Grade 7 we review all of the sixth grade algebra topics and also study some
basic properties of the operations.
The main topics are the order of operations, expressions, and simplifying expressions in several different ways. The
main principles are explained and practiced both with visual models and in abstract form, and the lessons contain
varying practice problems that approach the concepts from various angles.
This chapter is like an introduction that lays a foundation for the rest of the year. For example, when we study
integers in the next chapter, students will once again simplify expressions, just with negative numbers. Then when
we study equations in chapters 3 and 5, students will again simplify expressions, use the distributive property, and
solve equations.
Please note that it is not recommended to assign all the exercises by default. Use your judgment, and strive to vary
the number of assigned exercises according to the student’s needs. See the user guide at
https://www.mathmammoth.com/userguides/ for some further thoughts on using and pacing the curriculum.
You can find matching videos for topics in this chapter at https://www.mathmammoth.com/videos/
(choose grade 7).

The Lessons in Chapter 1

page span
The Order of Operations .................................. 11 4 pages
Expressions and Equations ............................... 15 3 pages
Properties of the Four Operations .................... 18 4 pages
Simplifying Expressions .................................. 22 4 pages
Growing Patterns 1 .......................................... 26 3 pages
The Distributive Property ................................ 29 5 pages
Chapter 1 Review ............................................ 34 2 pages

Helpful Resources on the Internet

ORDER OF OPERATIONS

Otter Rush
Practice exponents in this otter-themed math game.
http://www.mathplayground.com/ASB_Otter_Rush.html

Exponents Jeopardy Game

Practice evaluating exponents, equations with exponents, and exponents with fractional bases in this interactive
Jeopardy-style game.
http://www.math-play.com/Exponents-Jeopardy/exponents-jeopardy-math-game.html

Choose A Math Operation

Choose the mathematical operation(s) so that the number sentence is true. Practice the role of zero and one in basic
operations or operations with negative numbers. Helps develop number sense and logical thinking.
http://www.homeschoolmath.net/operation-game.php

Sample worksheet from

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 Order of Operations Quiz
A 10-question online quiz that includes two different operations and possibly parentheses in each question. You can
also modify the quiz parameters yourself.
http://www.thatquiz.org/tq-1/?-j8f-lk-p0

The Order of Operations Millionaire

Answer multiple-choice questions that have to do with the order of operations, and win a million. Can be played
alone or in two teams.
http://www.math-play.com/Order-of-Operations-Millionaire/order-of-operations-millionaire.html

Exploring Order of Operations (Object Interactive)

The program shows an expression, and you click on the correct operation (either +, −, ×, ÷ or exponent) to be done
first. The program then solves that operation, and you click on the next operation to be performed, etc., until it is
solved. Lastly, the resource includes a game where you click on the falling blocks in the sequence that the order of
operations would dictate.
http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/mejhm/html/object_interactives/order_of_operations/use_it.html

Make 24 Game
Arrange the number cards, the operation symbols, and the parentheses, so that the expression will make 24.
http://www.mathplayground.com/make_24.html

Order of Operations Practice

A simple online quiz of 10 questions. Uses parentheses and the four operations.
http://www.onlinemathlearning.com/order-of-operations-practice.html

WRITING EXPRESSIONS

Algebraic Symbolism Matching Game

Match each verbal statement with its algebraic expression.
http://www.quia.com/mc/319817.html

Who Wants to Be a Hundredaire?

Try to work your way up to $100 by responding correctly to multiple-choice questions about algebraic expressions.
http://www.math-play.com/Algebraic-Expressions-Millionaire/algebraic-expressions-millionaire-game.html

Equivalent Algebraic Expressions

Practice determining whether or not two algebraic expressions are equivalent by manipulating the expressions.
These problems require you to combine like terms and apply the distributive property.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-basics/alg-basics-algebraic-expressions/alg-basics-equivalent-
expressions/e/equivalent-forms-of-expressions-1

Visual Patterns
Click on the pattern to see a larger image and the answer to step 43. Can you solve the equation?
http://www.visualpatterns.org/

Expressions and Variables Quiz

Choose an equation to match the word problem or situation.
http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/math/expressions_and_variables/quiz815.html

Translating Words to Algebraic Expressions

Match the correct math expression with the corresponding English phrase, such as “7 less than a number”. You can
do this activity either as a matching game or as a concentration game.
https://www.quia.com/jg/1452190.html

Sample worksheet from

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 Rags to Riches - Verbal and Algebraic Expressions
Translate between verbal and algebraic expressions in this quest for fame and fortune.
http://www.quia.com/rr/520475.html

Algebra Noodle
Play a board game against the computer while modeling and solving simple equations and evaluating simple
expressions. Choose level 2 (level 1 is too easy for 7th grade).
http://www.free-training-tutorial.com/math-games/algebra-noodle.html

Matching Algebraic Expressions with Word Phrases

Five sets of word phrases to match with expressions.
https://maisonetmath.com/algebra/algebra-quizzes/292-matching-algebraic-expressions-with-word-phrases

PROPERTIES OF THE OPERATIONS

Properties of Operations at Quizlet

Includes explanations, online flashcards, and a test for the properties of operations (commutative, associate,
distributive, inverse, and identity properties). The inverse and identity properties are not covered in this chapter of
Math Mammoth but can be learned at the website. The identity property refers to the special numbers that do not
change addition or multiplication results (0 and 1).
http://quizlet.com/2799611/properties-of-operation-flash-cards/

Commutative/Associative/Distributive Properties Matching Game

Match the terms and expressions in the two columns.
http://www.quia.com/cm/61114.html?AP_rand=1554068841

Properties of Multiplication
Simple online practice about the commutative, associative, distributive, and identity properties of multiplication.
http://www.aaamath.com/pro74b-propertiesmult.html

Properties of Multiplication
Simple online practice about the commutative, associative, distributive, and identity properties of multiplication.
http://www.aaamath.com/pro74ax2.htm

Properties of the Operations Scatter Game

Drag the corresponding items to each other to make them disappear.
http://quizlet.com/763838/scatter

Associative, Distributive and Commutative Properties

Examples of the various properties followed by a simple self-test.
http://www.mathwarehouse.com/properties/associative-distributive-and-commutative-properties.php

SIMPLIFYING EXPRESSIONS

Simplifying Algebraic Expressions Quiz

An online quiz of 15 questions.
http://www.quia.com/quiz/1200540.html

Distributive Property Quiz

Reinforce your skills with this interactive online quiz.
https://www.thatquiz.org/tq/practicetest?13y7ctojwrlbs

Sample worksheet from

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 THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY

Factor the Expressions Quiz

Factor expressions such as 3x + 15 into 3(x + 5).
http://www.thatquiz.org/tq-0/?-jh00-l3-p0

Distributive Property Practice

Guided practice for applying the distributive property, such as writing −8(−7a + 10) as 56a − 80.
http://www.hstutorials.net/dialup/distributiveProp.htm

Distributive Property Game

Solve questions related to the usage of the distributive property amidst playing a game. Play either a bouncing balls
game or free-kick soccer game, with the same questions.
http://reviewgamezone.com/games3/bounce.php?test_id=22828&title=DISTRIBUTIVE%20PROPERTY
http://reviewgamezone.com/games3/freekick.php?test_id=22828&title=DISTRIBUTIVE%20PROPERTY

EVALUATE EXPRESSIONS

Escape Planet
Choose the equation that matches the words.
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/escape_planet_6/

Evaluating Expressions Quiz

Includes ten multiple-choice questions.
https://maisonetmath.com/algebra/algebra-quizzes/290-evaluating-expressions

Writing and Evaluating Expressions Quiz

This quiz has 12 multiple-choice questions and tests both evaluating and writing expressions.
http://www.quibblo.com/quiz/aWAUlc6/Writing-Evaluating-Expressions

TERMINOLOGY

Coefficients, Like Terms, and Constants

How to find and name the coefficients, like terms, and constants in expressions.
http://mathcentral.uregina.ca/QQ/database/QQ.09.07/h/maddie1.html

Identifying Variable Parts and Coefficients of Terms

After the explanations, you can generate exercises by pushing the button that says “new problem.” The script shows
you a multiplication expression, such as −(3e)(3z)m, and you need to identify its coefficient and variable part,
effectively by first simplifying it.
http://www.onemathematicalcat.org/algebra_book/online_problems/id_var_part_coeff.htm#exercises

Identifying Parts of Algebraic Expressions

Answer questions about variables, expressions, equations, and inequalities in this multiple-choice test.
https://reviewgamezone.com/mc/candidate/test/?test_id=23122&title=Identifying%20Parts%20Of%20Algebraic%20Expressions

Algebra - Basic Definitions

Clear definitions with illustrations of basic algebra terminology, including term, coefficient, constant, and
expression.
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/definitions.html

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 GENERAL

Balance Beam Activity

A virtual balance that poses puzzles where the student must think algebraically to find the weights of various
figures. Includes three levels.
http://mste.illinois.edu/users/pavel/java/balance/index.html

Nine Digits Puzzles

Practice your reasoning skills with these interactive online puzzles.
https://www.transum.org/software/SW/Starter_of_the_day/students/hot/NineDigits.asp?Level=2

Algebra Puzzle
Find the value of each of the three objects presented in the puzzle. The numbers given represent the sum of the
objects in each row or column.
http://www.mathplayground.com/algebra_puzzle.html

Algebraic Expressions - Online Assessment

During this online quiz you must simplify expressions, combine like terms, use the distributive property, express
word problems as algebraic expressions and recognize when expressions are equivalent. Each incorrect response
will allow you to view a video explanation for that problem.
https://maisonetmath.com/algebra/algebra-quizzes/287-algebraic-expressions-assessment

Sample worksheet from

10 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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Sample worksheet from

© 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 Simplifying Expressions
Example. Simplify 2x · 4 · 5x.
Notice, this expression contains only multiplications (because 2x and 5x are also multiplications).
Since we can multiply in any order, we can write this expression as 2 · 4 · 5 · x · x.
Now we multiply 2, 4, and 5 to get 40. What is left to do? The part x · x, which is written as x2.
So, 2x · 4 · 5x = 40x2.

Note: The equals sign used in 2x · 4 · 5x = 40x2 signifies that the two expressions are equal no
matter what value x has. That equals sign does not signify an equation that needs to be solved.
Similarly, we can simplify the expression x + x and write 2x instead. That whole process is usually
written as x + x = 2x.
Again, the equals sign there does not indicate an equation to solve, but just the fact that the two
expressions are equal. In fact, if you think of it as an equation, any number x satisfies it! (Try it!)

1. Simplify the expressions.

a. p + 8 + p + p b. p · 8 · p · p · p c. 2p + 4p

d. 2p · 4p e. 5x · 2x · x f. y · 2y · 3 · 2y · y

2. Write an expression for the area and perimeter of each rectangle.

a. b.

area = area =

perimeter = perimeter =

d.
c.
area = area =

perimeter = perimeter =

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22 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 3. a. Sketch a rectangle with sides 2b and 7b long.

b. What is its area?

c. What is its perimeter?

4. a. The perimeter of a rectangle is 24s.

Sketch one such rectangle.

What is its area?

Hint: there are many possible answers.

b. Find the area and perimeter of your rectangle

in (a) if s has the value 3 cm.

5. a. Which expression below is for an area of a rectangle? Which one is for a perimeter?

4a + 4b 2a · 2b

b. Sketch the rectangle.

6. a. Find the value of the expressions 3p and p + 3 for different values of p.

Value of p 3p p+3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4

b. Now, look at the table. Can you tell which is larger, 3p or p + 3?

Sample worksheet from

23 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 Some review! In algebra, a term is an expression that consists of numbers and/or variables that are multiplied
together. A single number or variable is also a term.

Examples. z 2xy is a term, because it only contains multiplications, a number, and variables.
z (5/7)z3 is a term. Remember, the exponent is a shorthand for repeated multiplication.
z Addition and subtraction separate the individual terms in an expression from each other.
For example, the expression 2x2 − 6y3 + 7xy + 15 has four terms, separated by the plus and
minus signs.
z s + t is not a term, because it contains addition. Instead, it is a sum of two terms, s and t.

The number by which a variable or variables are multiplied is called a coefficient.

Examples. z The term 0.9ab has the coefficient 0.9.
z The coefficient of the term m2 is 1, because you can write m2 as 1 · m2.

If the term is a single number, such as 7/8, we call it a constant.

Example. The expression 1.5a + b2 + 6/7 has three terms: 1.5a, b2, and 6/7. The last term, 6/7, is a constant.

7. Fill in the table.

Expression the terms in it coefficient(s) Constants

(5/6)s

w3

0.6x + 2.4y

x + 3y + 7

p · 101

x5y2 + 8

The two terms in the expression 2x2 + 5x2 are like terms: they have the same variable part (x2). Because of that,
we can add the two terms to simplify the expression. To do that, simply add the coefficients 2 and 5 and use the
same variable part: 2x2 + 5x2 = 7x2. It is like adding 2 apples and 5 apples.
However, you cannot add (or simplify) 2x + 7y. That would be like adding 2 apples and 7 oranges.
Example. Simplify 6x − x − 2x + 9x. The terms are like terms, so we simply add or subtract the coefficients:
6 − 1 − 2 + 9 = 12 and tag the variable part x to it. The expression simplifies to 12x.

8. Simplify the expressions.

a. 5p + 8p − p b. p2 + 8p2 + 3p2 c. 12a2 − 8a2 − 3a2

Sample worksheet from

24 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 9. Write an expression for the total area.

a. b.

In the following problems, write an expression for part (a), and then for part (b) write an equation and solve it.
Don’t skip writing the equation, even if you can solve the problem without it, because we are practicing writing
equations! You don’t have to use algebra to solve the equations—you can solve them in your head or by guessing
and checking.

10. a. The length of a rectangle is 4 meters and its width is w.

What is its perimeter? Write an expression.

b. Let’s say the perimeter has to be 22 meters. How wide is the rectangle then?
Write an equation for this situation, using your expression from (a).
Remember, you do not have to use algebra to solve the equation—you can solve it
in your head or by “guess and check.” But do write the equation.

11. a. Linda borrows six books from the library each week, and her mom borrows two.
How many books, in total, do both of them borrow in w weeks? Write an expression.

b. How many weeks will it take them to have borrowed 216 books? Write an equation.

12. a. Alice buys y containers of mints for $6 apiece. A fixed shipping cost of $5 is added
to her order. What is her total cost? Write an expression.

b. Alice’s total bill was $155. How many containers of mints did she buy?
Write an equation.

a. What is the total value, in cents, if Ashley has n dimes and m quarters?
Write an expression.

b. The total value of Ashley’s coins is 495 cents. How many dimes and quarters can she have?
Hint: make a table to organize the possibilities.

Sample worksheet from

25 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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Sample worksheet from

© 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 Chapter 2: Integers
Introduction
This chapter deals with integers, which are signed (positive or negative) whole numbers. We begin with a review of
addition and subtraction of integers from 6th grade. Then we study in detail multiplication and division of integers
and conclude with negative fractions and the order of operations.
The first lesson reviews the concepts of integers, absolute value, the opposite of an integer, and simple inequalities
on a number line. The next lessons present the addition and subtraction of integers through two visual models: first
as movements on a number line, and then using positive and negative counters. These lessons also endeavor to
connect the addition and subtraction of integers with various situations from real life.
The lesson Subtraction of Integers includes this important principle: Any subtraction can be converted into an
addition (of the number with the opposite sign) and vice versa. This principle allows us to calculate not only
subtractions such as 5 − (−7) but also problems that contain both addition and subtraction. These mixed problems
become simple sums after the subtractions have been converted into additions. Converting subtractions into
additions or vice versa is also important when simplifying expressions. For example, 5 + (−x) can be simplified to
5 − x.
Next, we study the distance between two integers. This can be found by taking the absolute value of their
difference: the distance between x and y is | x − y |. Students learn to use this formula to find distances between
integers, and they also compare the result the formula gives to the answer they get by logical thinking.
The lesson Multiplying Integers not only teaches the mechanics of how to multiply integers but also gives both
intuitive understanding and formal justification for the shortcut, “a negative times a negative makes a positive.”
This formal justification using the distributive property introduces and illustrates the type of careful and precise
reasoning that mathematicians use in proofs.
The next lesson, on the division of integers, leads naturally into the topic of negative fractions in the following
lesson. The final topic is a review of the order of operations: we perform several operations at a time with integers.
You can find matching videos for the topics in this chapter at
http://www.mathmammoth.com/videos/prealgebra/pre-algebra-videos.php#integers

The Lessons in Chapter 2

page span
Integers ......................................................................... 41 4 pages
Addition and Subtraction on the Number Line ............. 45 4 pages
Addition of Integers ...................................................... 49 3 pages
Subtraction of Integers .................................................. 52 4 pages
Adding and Subtracting Many Integers ........................ 56 2 pages
Distance and More Practice .......................................... 58 4 pages
Multiplying Integers ...................................................... 62 5 pages
Dividing Integers .......................................................... 67 2 pages
Negative Fractions ........................................................ 69 4 pages
The Order of Operations ............................................... 73 2 pages
Chapter 2 Mixed Review ............................................... 75 2 pages
Chapter 2 Review .......................................................... 77 3 pages

Sample worksheet from

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 Helpful Resources on the Internet
Integers Video Lessons by Maria
A set of free videos that teach the topics in this book — by the author.
http://www.mathmammoth.com/videos/prealgebra/pre-algebra-videos.php#integers

Free Downloadable Integer Fact Sheets

http://www.homeschoolmath.net/download/Add_Subtract_Integers_Fact_Sheet.pdf
http://www.homeschoolmath.net/download/Multiply_Divide_Integers_Fact_Sheet.pdf

ORDERING INTEGERS

Number Balls
Click the balls in the ascending order of numbers.
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/mathgames/numberballs/numberballsAS2.htm

Plot Inequalities Quiz

Practice plotting simple inequalities, such as x < − 7, on a number line in this 10-question interactive quiz.
https://www.thatquiz.org/tq-o/?-j18-l3-p0

Compare Integers Quiz

A 10-question online quiz where you compare two integers. You can also modify the quiz parameters to include
sums, differences, products, and quotients, which makes it more challenging.
http://www.thatquiz.org/tq-8/?-j11-l1i-p0

Diamond Drop
Drag integers to the empty spaces in comparison sentences (such as ___ < ____, ___ = ____ , and ___ > ____) as
they fall from the top of the screen. (The link does not work when clicked from the PDF file; please copy and paste
it into your browser window.)
http://oame.on.ca/CLIPS/swfPlayer.html?swfURL=lib/CL005_IntegersRepresentCompareOrder/
CL005_C02_A05_C_DiamondDrop/CL005_C02_A05_C_DiamondDrop.swf

ABSOLUTE VALUE AND OPPOSITES

Number Opposites Challenge

Practice solving challenging problems finding the opposites of numbers.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/arithmetic-home/negative-numbers/number-opposites/e/opposites-on-the-number-line

Number Balls - Absolute Value

Click the balls in the ascending order of numbers.
http://www.onlinemathlearning.com/absolute-value-game.html

Absolute Value Boxes

You are shown expressions with absolute value (such as | −11 | , −| 8 | and | 3 |). Choose the one that has either the
greatest or the least value.
http://www.xpmath.com/forums/arcade.php?do=play&gameid=96

Absolute Value to Find Distance

Practice taking the absolute value of the difference of two numbers to find the distance between those numbers.
Apply this principle to solve word problems.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/arithmetic-home/negative-numbers/abs-value/e/absolute-value-to-find-distance

Absolute Value Quiz

Find the absolute value of each integer or sum.
http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/math/absolute_value/quiz1035.html

Sample worksheet from

37 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 Absolute Value Exercises
Click on “new problem” to get randomly generated practice-problems that practice absolute value.
http://www.onemathematicalcat.org/algebra_book/online_problems/intro_abs_val.htm#exercises

Absolute Value Quiz - harder

This quiz includes mixed operations and absolute value.
http://www.softschools.com/testing/math/theme2.html

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

Number-Line Jump Maker

Practice making different-sized jumps on a customizable number line with this interactive tool.
http://www.ictgames.com/numberlineJumpMaker/

Number-Line Addition
Click on the addition sentence on the fruit that matches the number line. Choose level 3.
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/mathgames/integers/FS_NumberLine_integer.htm

Number-Line Integer Subtraction

Click on the subtraction sentence on the fruit that matches the number line. Choose level 3.
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/mathgames/integers/FS_NumberLine_int_minus.htm

Add Negative Numbers on a Number Line

Practice matching number line diagrams to addition expressions involving negative numbers.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-seventh-grade-math/cc-7th-negative-numbers-add-and-subtract/cc-7th-add-sub-neg-
number-line/e/adding-negative-numbers-on-the-number-line

Math Lines Integers

Combine positive and negative balls to make the target number.
http://www.mathplayground.com/math_lines_integers.html

Spider Match
Choose pairs of numbers that add to the given integer. Can be played as a multi-player game or against the
computer.
http://www.arcademics.com/games/spider-match/spider-match.html

Subtracting Integers Activity

Model subtraction problems by dragging individual + or − signs off the board. You may need to add neutral pairs (a
positive-negative pair) to the working space to solve the problem.
https://web.archive.org/web/20160207140841/http://mathstar.lacoe.edu/newmedia/integers/subtract/activities/activities.html

Interpreting Negative Number Statements

Practice matching addition and subtraction equations to real-world scenarios in this interactive exercise.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-seventh-grade-math/cc-7th-negative-numbers-add-and-subtract/cc-7th-add-sub-word-
problems-w-negatives/e/negative-number-addition-and-subtraction--interpretation-problems

Add Integers Quiz

Practice adding integers in this 10-question online quiz.
https://www.thatquiz.org/tq-1/?-j4101-lk-p0

Understanding Subtraction as Adding the Opposite

Practice your integer skills with this interactive quiz.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/arithmetic/arith-review-negative-numbers/arith-review-sub-neg-intro/e/understand-
subtraction-as-adding-the-opposite

Sample worksheet from

38 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 Subtracting Negative Integers
Practice subtracting positive and negative single-digit numbers in this interactive online activity.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-basics/basic-alg-foundations/alg-basics-negative-
numbers/e/adding_and_subtracting_negative_numbers

Adding & Subtracting Several Negative Numbers

Practice solving addition and subtraction problems with several integers.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/arithmetic/arith-review-negative-numbers/arith-review-add-and-sub-integersss/e/integer-
addition-and-subtraction-2

Find the missing integers

Fill in the missing integer in addition equations such as −23 + ____ = −8.
http://www.aaamath.com/g8_65_x3.htm

Find the Missing Number

Practice finding the missing value in an addition or subtraction equation involving negative numbers.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-seventh-grade-math/cc-7th-negative-numbers-add-and-subtract/cc-7th-add-and-sub-
integers/e/integer-addition-and-subtraction

Space Coupe to the Rescue

By choosing a positive or negative number, the player controls the vertical position of a spaceship. If the spaceship
reaches the same vertical position as a virus pod, the pod is destroyed.
https://web.archive.org/web/20120428115125/http://pbskids.org:80/cyberchase/math-games/space-coupe-
rescue/

Red and Black Triplematch Game for Adding Integers

This is a fun card game with 2-5 people to practice adding integers.
http://mathmamawrites.blogspot.com/2010/07/black-and-red-triplematch-card-game-for.html

Different Ways to Play “Integer War” Card Game

This page explains various ways to play a common card game that is used to review integers.
http://www.mathfilefoldergames.com/integer-war/

Combine Like Terms with Negative Coefficients

Simplify algebraic expressions by combining like terms. Coefficients on some terms are negative.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/introduction-to-algebra/alg1-manipulating-expressions/e/combining_like_terms_1

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION

Integers Multiplication Blocks

Click on numbers whose product is equal to the target number.
http://www.xpmath.com/forums/arcade.php?do=play&gameid=58

Integers Multiplication -144 to 144

Solve as many integer multiplication problems as you can within one minute with these online flashcards.
http://www.xpmath.com/forums/arcade.php?do=play&gameid=17

Integers Division -81 to 81

Solve as many integer division problems as you can within one minute with these online flashcards.
http://www.xpmath.com/forums/arcade.php?do=play&gameid=16

Fruit Splat Multiplication of Integers

Click on the fruit that has the correct answer to the integer multiplication problem.
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/mathgames/integers/FS_Integer_multiplication.htm

Sample worksheet from

39 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 Find the Missing Number Quiz
Practice integer multiplication with missing numbers in this interactive 10-question quiz.
https://www.thatquiz.org/tq-1/?-j114-la-p0

ALL OPERATIONS / GENERAL

Rational Numbers on the Number Line

Practice placing positive and negative fractions and decimals on the number line in this interactive online activity.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/6th-engage-ny/engage-6th-module-3/6th-module-3-topic-a/e/fractions_on_the_number_line_3

Integer Operations Quiz

Practice several operations with integers in this 10-question interactive quiz.
https://www.thatquiz.org/tq-1/?-jh8f-la-p0

Multiplying & Dividing Negative Numbers Word Problems

Use this set of interactive word problems to reinforce your knowledge of integers.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-seventh-grade-math/cc-7th-negative-numbers-multiply-and-divide/cc-7th-mult-div-neg-
word-problems/e/negative-number-word-problems-1

Order of Operations with Negative Numbers

Practice evaluating expressions using the order of operations in this interactive online activity.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-basics/basic-alg-foundations/alg-basics-order-of-operations/e/order_of_operations

Integers Quiz
Test your integer skills in this interactive online quiz.
https://www.thatquiz.org/tq/practicetest?10w790opx3kmd

Numerate Game with Integers

In this game, two players take turns forming equations using the available tiles.
http://www.transum.org/Maths/Game/Numerate/Default.asp?Level=2

Integers Jeopardy
A jeopardy game where the questions involve adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing integers.
http://www.math-play.com/Integers-Jeopardy/Integers-Jeopardy.html

Solve For Unknown Variable - Integer Review

Find the value of an unknown variable in a given addition or subtraction equation with integers.
https://maisonetmath.com/algebra/algebra-quizzes/294-solve-for-unknown-variable-integer-review

Fruit Shoot Game: Mixed Integer Operations

Practice all four operations with integers while shooting fruits. You can choose the difficulty level and the speed.
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/mathgames/fruitshoot/FS_Mixed_Integers.htm

Student CLIPS in Mathematics

Activities, video clips, and games for middle-school math topics, including integers.
http://oame.on.ca/CLIPS/

The History of Negative Numbers

While they seem natural to us now, in the past negative numbers have spurred controversy and have been called
“fictitious” and other names.
http://nrich.maths.org/public/viewer.php?obj_id=5961
http://www.classzone.com/books/algebra_1/page_build.cfm?content=links_app3_ch2&ch=2

Sample worksheet from

40 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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Sample worksheet from

© 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 Dividing Integers
Divide a negative number by a positive
The image illustrates (−8) ÷ 4, or eight negatives divided
into four groups. We can see the answer is −2.
Any time a negative integer is divided by a positive integer, we can illustrate
it as so many negative counters divided evenly into groups. The answer will be negative.

Divide a positive integer by a negative. For example, 24 ÷ (−8) = ?

Remember, multiplication is the opposite operation to division. Let’s write the answer
to 24 ÷ (−8) as s. Then from that we can write a multiplication:
24 ÷ (−8) = s ⇒ (−8)s = 24
(You could use an empty line instead of s, if the variable s confuses you.)
The only number that fulfills the equation (−8)s = 24 is s = −3. Therefore, 24 ÷ (−8) = −3.
Similarly, each time you divide a positive integer by a negative integer, the answer is negative.

Divide a negative integer by a negative. For example, (−24) ÷ (−8) = ?

Again, let’s denote the answer to −24 ÷ (−8) with y, and then write a multiplication sentence.
−24 ÷ (−8) = y ⇒ (−8)y = −24

The only number that fulfills the equation (−8)y = −24 is y = 3. Therefore, −24 ÷ (−8) = 3.
Similarly, each time you divide a negative integer by a negative integer, the answer is positive.

Summary. The symbols below show whether you get a positive or negative answer when you multiply or divide
integers. Notice that the rules for multiplication and division are the same!

Multiplication Examples Division Examples

· = 4 · (−5) = −20 ÷ = 20 ÷ (−5) = −4

· = −4 · 5 = −20 ÷ = −20 ÷ 5 = −4
· = −4 · (−5) = 20 ÷ = −20 ÷ (−5) = 4
· = 4 · 5 = 20 ÷ = 20 ÷ 5 = 4
Here is a shortcut for multiplication and division (NOT for addition or subtraction):
z If both numbers have the same sign (both are positive or negative), the answer is positive.
z If the numbers have different signs, the answer is negative.

1. Divide.

a. −50 ÷ (−5) = ______ b. (−8) ÷ (−1) = ______ c. 81 ÷ (−9) = ______

−12 ÷ 2 = ______ 14 ÷ (−2) = ______ −100 ÷ (−10) = ______

Sample worksheet from

67 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 2. Multiply. Then use the same numbers to write an equivalent division equation.

a. −5 · (−5) = ______ b. 9 · (−6) = ______ c. −80 · 8 = ______

______ ÷ _____ = ______ ______ ÷ _____ = ______ ______ ÷ _____ = ______

3. Four people shared a debt of $280 equally. How much did each owe? Write an integer division.

4. In a math game, you get a negative point for every wrong answer and a positive point for every correct answer.
Additionally, if you answer in 1 second, your negative points from the past get slashed in half!

Angie had accumulated 14 negative and 25 positive points in the game. Then she answered
a question correctly in 1 second. Write an equation for her current “point balance.”

5. Complete the patterns.

a. b. c.

12 ÷ 4 = ______ ______ ÷ (−7) = −3 60 ÷ ______ = 2

8 ÷ 4 = ______ ______ ÷ (−7) = −2 40 ÷ ______ = 2

4 ÷ 4 = ______ ______ ÷ (−7) = −1 20 ÷ ______ = 2
0 ÷ 4 = ______ ______ ÷ (−7) = 0 −20 ÷ ______ = 2

(−4) ÷ 4 = ______ ______ ÷ (−7) = 1 −40 ÷ ______ = 2

(−8) ÷ 4 = ______ ______ ÷ (−7) = 2 −60 ÷ ______ = 2
(−12) ÷ 4 = ______ ______ ÷ (−7) = 3 −80 ÷ ______ = 2

(−16) ÷ 4 = ______ ______ ÷ (−7) = 4 −100 ÷ ______ = 2

6. Here’s a funny riddle. Solve the math problems to uncover the answer.

E ____ ÷ (−8) = 2 N −12 · (−5) = ______ E (−144) ÷ 12 = _____

E 3 · (−12) = ____ H ____ ÷ 12 = −5 T −4 · (−9) =____
N −15 ÷ ____ = −5 E ____ · (−6) = 0 V −45 ÷ ______ = 5
G −1 · (−9) = ______ I −27 ÷ 9 = ______ I −7 · ____ = −84
S −48 ÷ 6 = ______ N 3 · _____ = −24

Why is six afraid of seven? Because….

−8 −12 −9 −36 60 0 12 9 −60 36 3 −3 −8 −16

Sample worksheet from

68 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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Sample worksheet from

© 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 Chapter 3: One-Step Equations
Introduction
The goal of this chapter is to solve one-step equations that involve integers. The first lesson reviews the concept of
an equation and how to model equations using a pan balance (scale). Recall that the basic principle for solving
equations is that, when you perform the same operation on both sides of an equation, the two sides remain equal.

The chapter presents two alternatives for keeping track of the operations to be performed on an equation. The one
method, writing the operation under each side of the equation, is common in the United States. The other method,
writing the operation in the right margin, is common in Finland. Either is adequate, and the choice is just a matter
of the personal preference of the teacher.

The introduction to solving equations is followed by a lesson on addition and subtraction equations and another on
multiplication and division equations. All the equations are easily solved in only one step of calculations. The
twofold goal is to make the student proficient in manipulating negative integers and also to lay a foundation for
handling more involved equations in Chapter 5.

In the next lesson, students write equations to solve simple word problems. Even though they could solve most of
these problems without using the equations, the purpose of the lesson is to make the student proficient in writing
simple equations before moving on to more complex equations from more difficult word problems.

The last topic, in the lesson Constant Speed, is solving problems with distance (d), rate or velocity (v), and time (t).
Students use the equivalent formulas d = vt and v = d/t to solve problems involving constant or average speed. They
learn an easy way to remember the formula v = d/t from the unit for speed that they already know, “miles per hour.”

As a reminder, it is not recommended that you assign all the exercises by default. Use your judgment, and strive to
vary the number of assigned exercises according to the student’s needs. Some students might only need half or even
less of the available exercises, in order to understand the concepts.

The Lessons in Chapter 3 page span

Solving Equations ................................................ 82 7 pages
Addition and Subtraction Equations .................... 89 4 pages
Multiplication and Division Equations ................ 93 4 pages
Word Problems .................................................... 97 3 pages
Constant Speed .................................................... 100 7 pages
Chapter 3 Mixed Review ..................................... 107 3 pages
Chapter 3 Review ................................................ 110 2 pages

Helpful Resources on the Internet

The Simplest Equations - Video Lessons by Maria
A set of free videos that teach the topics in this chapter - by the author.
http://www.mathmammoth.com/videos/prealgebra/pre-algebra-videos.php#equations

Stable Scales Quiz

In each picture, the scales are balanced. Can you find the weight of the items on the scales?
http://www.transum.org/software/SW/Starter_of_the_day/Students/Stable_Scales_Quiz.asp

Sample worksheet from

80 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 Model Algebra Equations
Model an equation on a balance using algebra tiles (tiles with numbers or the unknown x). Then, solve the equation
by placing −1 tile on top of +1 tile or vice versa. Includes one-step and two-step equations.
http://www.mathplayground.com/AlgebraEquations.html

Balance When Adding and Subtracting

Click on the buttons above the scales to add or subtract until you can figure out the value of x in the equation.
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/add-subtract-balance.html

One-Step Equations Quizzes

Practice one-step equations in these timed quizzes.
http://crctlessons.com/One-Step-Equations/one-step-equations.html
http://crctlessons.com/One-Step-Equation-Test/one-step-equation-test.html

Modeling with One-Step Equations

Practice writing basic equations to model real-world situations in this interactive activity from Khan Academy.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/pre-algebra/pre-algebra-equations-expressions/pre-algebra-equation-word-
problems/e/equations-in-one-variable-1

Exploring Equations E-Lab

Choose which operation to do to both sides of an equation in order to solve one-step equations.
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/elab2004/gr6/12.html

Algebra Four
A connect four game with equations. For this level, choose difficulty “Level 1” and “One-Step Problems”.
http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/AlgebraFour/

Function Machine
Investigate the relationship between input and output values with this interactive online activity.
https://www.mathplayground.com/functionmachine.html

One-Step Equation Game

Choose the correct root for the given equation (multiple-choice), and then you get to attempt to shoot a basket.
http://www.math-play.com/One-Step-Equation-Game.html

Arithmagons
Find the numbers that are represented by question marks in this interactive puzzle.
http://www.transum.org/Software/SW/Starter_of_the_day/starter_August20.ASP

Cars
Use clues to help you find the total cost of four cars in this fun brainteaser.
http://www.transum.org/Software/SW/Starter_of_the_day/starter_July16.ASP

Distance, Speed, and Time from BBC Bitesize

Instruction, worked out exercises, and an interactive quiz relating to constant speed, time, and distance. A triangle
with letters D, S, and T helps students remember the formulas for distance, speed, and time.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/standard/maths_i/numbers/dst/revision/1/

Absorb Advanced Physics - Speed

An online tutorial that teaches the concept of average speed with the help of interactive simulations and exercises.
http://www.absorblearning.com/advancedphysics/demo/units/010101.html#Describingmotion

Sample worksheet from

81 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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Sample worksheet from

© 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 Multiplication and Division Equations
Do you remember how to show simplification? Just cross out the numbers and
write the new numerator above the fraction and the new denominator below it.
Notice that the number you divide by (the 5 in the fraction at the right) isn’t
indicated in any way!

We can simplify expressions involving variables in exactly the same way. x s

= x = s
In the examples on the right, we cross out the same number from the numerator
and the denominator. That is based on the fact that a number divided by itself is 1.
We could write a little “1” beside each number that is crossed out, but that is 4
= 4
usually omitted.

In this example, we simplify the fraction 3/6 into 1/2 the usual way.
1 x
= x or
2 2

Notice: We divide both the numerator and the denominator by 8, but this leaves −1 z z
in the denominator. Therefore, the whole expression simplifies to −z instead of z. = = −z
− −1

1. Simplify.

8x 8x 2x
a. b. c.
8 2 8

−6x −6x 6x
d. e. f.
−6 6 −6

6w 6w 6w
g. h. i.
2 w −2

2. Draw the fourth and fifth steps of the pattern and answer the questions.

Step 1 2 3

a. How would you describe the growth of this pattern?

b. How many flowers will there be in step 39?

c. In step n?

Sample worksheet from

93 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 Now you should be ready to use multiplication and division to solve simple equations.

Example 1. Solve −2x = 68. −2x = 68 This is the original equation.

The unknown is being multiplied by −2. To isolate −2x 68
it, we need to divide both sides by −2. = We divide both sides by −2.
−2 −2
(See the solution on the right.)
x Now it is time to simplify. We cross
68
We get x = −34. Lastly we check the solution = out the −2 factors on the left side. On
by substituting −34 in the place of x in the −2
the right side, we do the division.
original equation:
x = −34 This is the final answer.
−2(−34) 68
Note: Most people combine the first 3 steps into one when
68 = 68 It checks. writing the solution. Here they are written out for clarity.

3. Solve. Check your solutions.

a. 5x = −45 b. −3y = −21

c. −4 = 4s d. 72 = −6y

4. Solve. Simplify the one side first.

a. −5q = −40 − 5 b. 2 · 36 = −6y

c. 3x = −4 + 3 + (−2) d. 5 · (−4) = −10z

Sample worksheet from

94 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 x x
Example 2. Solve = −5. = −5 This is the original equation.
−6 −6
Here the unknown is divided by −6. To undo x
· (−6) = −5 · (−6) We multiply both sides by −6.
that division, we need to multiply both sides −6
by −6. (See the solution on the right.) Now it is time to simplify. We
x
We get x = 30. Lastly we check the solution: ·( ) = 30 cross out the −6 factors on the left
side, and multiply on the right.
30 x = 30 This is the final answer.
−5
−6
−5 = −5 When writing the solution, most people would combine
steps 2 and 3. Here both are written out for clarity.

5. Solve. Check your solutions.

x s
a. = −45 b. = −11
2 −7

c a
c. = 4 d. = −9 + (−11)
−7 −13

6. Write an equation for each situation. Then solve it. Do not write the answer only, as the main purpose of this
exercise is to practice writing equations.

a. A submarine was located at a depth of 500 ft.

There was a shark swimming at 1/6 of that depth.
At what depth is the shark?

b. Three towns divided highway repair costs equally.

Each town ended up paying $21,200.
How much did the repairs cost in total?

Sample worksheet from

95 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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 1
Example 3. Solve − x = 2 . Here the unknown is multiplied by a negative fraction, but do not panic!
5
x
You see, you can also write this equation as = 2 , where the unknown is simply divided by negative 5.
−5
So what should we do in order to isolate x?
That is correct! Multiplying by −5 will isolate x. In the boxes below, this equation is solved in two slightly
different ways, though both are doing essentially the same thing: multiplying both sides by −5.

Multiplying a fraction by its reciprocal: Canceling a common factor:

1 1 rewrite the
−
5
x = 2 | · (−5) −
5
x = 2
equation

x
1 Note that −5 times −5
= 2 | · (−5)
(−5)· − x = (−5) · 2
5 −1/5 is 1.
x
·( ) = 2 · (−5)
1x = −10
x = −10 x = −10

Lastly we check the solution by substituting −10 1

in place of x in the original equation: − (−10) 2
5
2 = 2 It checks.

7. Solve. Check your solutions.

1 1 1
a. x = −15 b. − x = −20 c. − x = 18
3 6 4

1 1 1
d. −2 = − x e. −21 = x f. x = −7 + 5
9 8 12

Sample worksheet from

96 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
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Sample worksheet from

© 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 Chapter 4: Rational Numbers
Introduction
In this chapter we study rational numbers, which are numbers that can be written as a ratio of two integers. All
fractions and whole numbers are rational numbers, and so are percents and decimals (except non-ending non-
repeating decimals). Obviously, students already know a lot about rational numbers and how to calculate with them.
Our focus in this chapter is to extend that knowledge to negative fractions and negative decimals.
The first lesson presents the definition of a rational number, how to convert rational numbers back and forth
between their fractional and decimal forms, and a bit about repeating decimals (most fractions become repeating
decimals when written as decimals). The next lesson deals with adding and subtracting rational numbers, with an
emphasis on adding and subtracting negative fractions and decimals.
The next two lessons are about multiplying and dividing rational numbers. The first of the two focuses on basic
multiplication and division with negative fractions and decimals. The second of the two compares multiplying and
dividing in decimal notation to multiplying and dividing in fraction notation. Students come to realize that, though
the calculations—and even the answers—may look very different, the answers are equal. The lesson also presents
problems that mix decimals, fractions, and percents, and deals with real-life contexts for the problems and the
importance of pre-estimating what a reasonable answer would be.
The lesson Many Operations with Rational Numbers reviews the order of operations and applies it to fraction and
decimal problems with more than one operation. It also presents a simple method to solve complex fractions, which
are fractions that contain another fraction, either in the numerator, in the denominator, or in both.
After a lesson on scientific notation, the instructional portion of the chapter concludes with two lessons on solving
simple equations that involve fractions and decimals.
You can find matching videos for some of the topics in this chapter at
http://www.mathmammoth.com/videos/prealgebra/pre-algebra-videos.php#rational

The Lessons in Chapter 4

page span
Rational Numbers .................................................... 116 8 pages
Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers .............. 124 6 pages
Multiply and Divide Rational Numbers 1 ................ 130 4 pages
Multiply and Divide Rational Numbers 2 ................ 134 7 pages
Many Operations with Rational Numbers ............... 141 4 pages
Scientific Notation ................................................... 145 3 pages
Equations with Fractions .......................................... 148 5 pages
Equations with Decimals .......................................... 153 3 pages
Chapter 4 Mixed Review ......................................... 156 2 pages
Chapter 4 Review .................................................... 158 5 pages

Sample worksheet from

112 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 Helpful Resources on the Internet
Rational Numbers - Video Lessons by Maria
A set of free videos that teach the topics in this book - by the author.
http://www.mathmammoth.com/videos/prealgebra/pre-algebra-videos.php#rational

RATIONAL NUMBERS

Compare Positive and Negative Decimals

Choose the correct inequality or equals sign from the dropdown box between each set of two numbers.
http://www.transum.org/software/SW/Starter_of_the_day/Students/Inequalities.asp?Level=2

Compare Rational Numbers

Practice comparing decimals, percents, fractions, and mixed numbers in this interactive exercise.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-seventh-grade-math/cc-7th-fractions-decimals/cc-7th-add-sub-rational-
numbers/e/comparing-rational-numbers

Recurring Decimals and Fractions

Grade or No Grade where you answer multiple-choice questions about repeating decimals.
https://sites.google.com/a/revisemaths.org.uk/revise/number-files/recdecfrac-gong.swf?attredirects=0

Terminating vs. Repeating Decimals Game

A card game that practices repeating and terminating decimals. Several fun twists to score extra points! This game
costs $1 (per download).
http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Terminating-VS-Repeating-Decimals-Game-425199

Terminating and Repeating Decimals Worksheet

A 10-question online quiz about repeating decimals.
http://worksheets.tutorvista.com/terminating-and-repeating-decimals-worksheet.html

Converting Repeating Decimals to Fractions

A lesson that explains the method for writing repeating decimals as fractions.
http://www.basic-mathematics.com/converting-repeating-decimals-to-fractions.html

Classifying Numbers
Drag the given numbers to the correct sets. This chapter of Math Mammoth does not teach about square roots and
irrational numbers, but you can probably do these activities, if you note that most square roots are irrational, and
that the set of whole numbers is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...}.
http://www.softschools.com/math/classifying_numbers/

http://www.softschools.com/math/classifying_numbers/real_rational_integer_whole_natural_irrational_number_table/

Number System Muncher

“Munch” or select all the numbers from the grid that are in the specified set. Again, this chapter of Math
Mammoth does not teach about square roots and irrational numbers, but you can probably play the game,
if you note the following: Finding a square root is the opposite operation of squaring. For example, √25 = 5
because 52 = 25. Therefore, √25 is actually a natural number (5). However, most square roots, such as
√5 and √13 are irrational.
https://web.archive.org/web/20160323053948/http://staff.argyll.epsb.ca/jreed/math9/strand1/munchers.htm

ADD AND SUBTRACT RATIONAL NUMBERS

Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers Test

A 15-question test about adding, subtracting, and comparing rational numbers.
http://teachers.henrico.k12.va.us/math/hcpsalgebra1/Documents/examviewweb/ev2-2.htm

Sample worksheet from

113 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers Worksheets
Generate a worksheet for adding and subtracting negative fractions and decimals.
http://www.math-aids.com/Algebra/Algebra_1/Basics/Add_Sub_Rational.html

Add Decimals Quiz

Reinforce your decimal addition skills with this 10-question online quiz.
https://www.thatquiz.org/tq-3/?-j1i1-lk-p0

Add Fractions Quiz

Add the fractions, and express the answer as a simple fraction in lowest terms in this 10-question quiz.
https://www.thatquiz.org/tq-3/?-j1gh-la-p0

Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers Quiz

Practice addition and subtraction of rational numbers with this interactive quiz.
http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/math/adding_and_subtracting_rational_numbers/quiz3284.html

Adding and Subtracting Negative Fractions

Practice adding and subtracting positive and negative fractions with this interactive online activity.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-basics/basic-alg-foundations/alg-basics-fractions/e/adding_and_subtracting_fractions

Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers

Practice adding and subtracting negative fractions, decimals, and percents with this interactive online exercise.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-seventh-grade-math/cc-7th-fractions-decimals/cc-7th-add-sub-rational-
numbers/e/adding_and_subtracting_rational_numbers

Add and Subtract Fractions Quiz

Add and subtract negative fractions and solve simple equations. Refresh the page to get a different set of questions.
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=asa&wcsuffix=0204

MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE RATIONAL NUMBERS

Multiply and Divide Fractions Quizzes

Multiple-choice quizzes of five questions. Refresh the page to get a different set of questions.
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=asa&wcsuffix=0205

Fractions Quiz
Multiple-choice quiz of five questions. Refresh the page to get a different set of questions.
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=asa&wcsuffix=0205&area=view

Multiply and Divide Rational Numbers Quiz

A multiple-choice quiz of five questions.
http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/math/multiply_rational_numbers/quiz3285.html

Multiply and Divide Fractions

Practice multiplying and dividing fractions with positive numbers with this interactive exercise.
http://www.onemathematicalcat.org/algebra_book/online_problems/md_fractions.htm#exercises

Divide Positive and Negative Fractions

Practice dividing fractions. The fractions in these problems may be positive or negative.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-basics/basic-alg-foundations/alg-basics-fractions/e/dividing_fractions_2

Multiply Decimals by Fractions - Short Quiz

Practice multiplying decimals by fractions with this multiple-choice quiz.
https://www.sophia.org/concepts/multiplying-decimals-by-fractions

Sample worksheet from

114 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 Divide Fractions by Decimals - Short Quiz
Practice dividing fractions by decimals with this multiple-choice quiz.
https://www.sophia.org/concepts/dividing-fractions-by-decimals

Multiplying and Dividing Negative Numbers Word Problems

Practice matching situations to multiplication and division expressions and equations.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-seventh-grade-math/cc-7th-negative-numbers-multiply-and-divide/cc-7th-mult-div-neg-
word-problems/e/negative-number-word-problems-1

Fractions Quiz
Practice negative fractions with this interactive online quiz.
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=asa&wcsuffix=0204&area=view

Simplify Complex Fractions

Practice simplifying complex fractions with this interactive online activity from Khan Academy.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-seventh-grade-math/cc-7th-negative-numbers-multiply-and-divide/cc-7th-mult-div-
fractions-2/e/complex-fractions

Complex Fractions Quiz

Practice simplifying complex fractions with this interactive quiz.
http://www.saddleback.edu/faculty/LPerez/Algebra2go/prealgebra/fractions/compFrac.html

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

Scientific Notation
Interactive practice where you write the given number in scientific notation.
http://www.xpmath.com/forums/arcade.php?do=play&gameid=21

Scientific Notation Quiz

Write numbers in scientific notation, and vice versa. You can also modify the quiz parameters.
http://www.thatquiz.org/tq-c/?-j820-l6-p0

Scientific Notation Quizzes

Short, multiple-choice quizzes on scientific notation.
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=asa&wcsuffix=0208&area=view

EQUATIONS / GENERAL

Equations Quizzes
Five-question quizzes on simple equations with decimals or fractions. Refresh the page to get different questions.
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=ara&wcsuffix=0404
OR
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=bja&wcsuffix=0508

Fraction Four Game

Choose “algebra” as the question type to solve equations that involve fractions in this connect-the-four game.
http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/FractionFour/

One-Step Equations with Fractions

This algebra 1 worksheet will produce one step problems containing fractions.
http://www.math-aids.com/Algebra/Algebra_1/Equations/One_Step_Fractions.html

One-Step Equations: Fractions and Decimals

Practice solving equations in one step by multiplying or dividing a number from both sides.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/one-variable-linear-equations/alg1-one-step-mult-div-equations/e/one-step-mult-div-
equations-2

7th Grade Numbers and Operations Jeopardy Game

The questions in this game range from absolute value to different operations with rational numbers.
http://www.math-play.com/7th-Grade-Numbers-and-Operations-Jeopardy/7th-Grade-Numbers-and-Operations-Jeopardy.html
Sample worksheet from
115 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
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Sample worksheet from

© 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 Multiply and Divide Rational Numbers 1
In real life we often combine fractions, decimals, ratios, and percents — rational numbers in different forms
— in the same situation. You need to be able to easily calculate with them in their different forms.
In this lesson, we will concentrate on multiplying and dividing decimals and fractions because percentages are
usually rewritten as decimals and ratios as fractions before calculating with them.

To multiply decimals
Shortcut: First multiply as if there were no decimal points. Then put the decimal point in the answer so that the
number of decimal digits in the answer is the SUM of the number of the decimal digits in all the factors.
Example 1. Solve −0.2 · 0.09.
Multiply 2 · 9 = 18. The answer will have three decimals and be negative (Why?), so the answer is −0.018.

Multiply fractions and mixed numbers 4 1

Example 2. − · −5
1. Change any mixed numbers 5 8
to fractions.
4 41 A negative times a negative makes
2. Multiply using the shortcut = − · − a positive, so we can drop the
(multiply the numerators; 5 8 minus signs in the next step.
multiply the denominators).
4 · 41 1 · 41 41 1
= = = = 4
5·8 5·2 10 10

1. Write the rational numbers in their four forms.

ratio fraction decimal percent ratio fraction decimal percent

2 7
a. 2:5 = = 0.4 = 40% d. = = =
5 20

b. 3:4 = = = e. = = = 55%

c. 4:25 = = = f. = = 0.85 =

2. Multiply these in your head.

a. 0.1 · 6.5 b. −0.08 · 0.006 c. −0.09 · 0.02

d. −0.2 · (−1.6) e. −0.8 · 1.1 · (−0.02) f. 0.82

g. (−0.5)2 h. (−0.2)3 i. (−0.1)5

Sample worksheet from

130 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 3. Multiply
1 3 1 1 2 5 3
a. − · − b. · −2 c. − · ·
7 8 5 2 9 6 10

1 5 7 12 8 3 1
d. − 3 · e. · − f. · − ·1
4 2 18 27 7 10 2

4. Multiply using the regular multiplication algorithm (write one number under the other).

a. 12.5 · 2.5 b. −0.088 · 0.16

c. −9.08 · (−0.006) d. 24 · (−0.0087)

Sample worksheet from

131 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 To divide decimals
1. If the divisor has no decimal digits, you can divide using long division “as is.”
2. If the divisor does have decimal digits, multiply both the dividend and the divisor by the same number
(usually a power of ten) to make the divisor into a whole number. Now with that whole number divisor,
performing the long division has become straightforward.

Example 3. Solve 6 ÷ 0.5 without a calculator.

Since 0.5 fits into 6 exactly twelve times, the answer is 12. So mental math was sufficient in this case.

Example 4. Solve −92.91 ÷ 0.004 without a calculator. 2 3 2 2 7.5

)
4 9 2 9 1 0.0
It may be easier to write the problem using a fraction line:
-8
−92.91 −929.1 −9291 −92910 12
= = = -1 2
0.004 0.04 0.4 4
09
Notice how we multiply both the dividend and the divisor repeatedly by 10 until the -8
divisor becomes a whole number (4). (You could, of course, simply multiply them 11
both by 1,000 to start with.) Then we use long division. - 8
30
The long division gives us the absolute value of the final answer, but we still need -28
to apply the correct sign. So −92.91 ÷ 0.004 = −23,227.5. 20
Does this make sense? Yes. The answer has a very large absolute value because -20
0
0.004 is a very tiny number, and thus it “fits” into 92.91 multitudes of times.

5. Divide using mental math.

a. −0.88 ÷ 4 b. 8.1 ÷ 9 c. 72 ÷ 10000

d. −1.6 ÷ (−0.2) e. 8 ÷ 0.1 f. 0.8 ÷ (−0.04)

6. Multiply both the dividend and the divisor by the same number so that you get a divisor that is a whole number.
Then divide using long division. If necessary, round your answer to three decimal digits.

a. 27.6 ÷ 0.3 b. 2.088 ÷ 0.06

Sample worksheet from

132 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 To divide fractions and mixed numbers 4 1
Example 5. ÷ −2
5 2
1. Change any mixed numbers to fractions.
2. Divide using the shortcut. (Change the division into 4 5
a multiplication by the reciprocal of the divisor.) = ÷ −
5 2

4 2 8
= · − = −
5 5 25
The answer makes sense, because 2 1/2
does not fit into 4/5, not even half-way.

7. Divide.
2 6 9 1
a. − ÷ b. ÷ −1
9 7 8 2

5 1 1
c. −10 ÷ d. − ÷ −
6 9 3

1 1 1
e. 10 ÷ −2 f. 10 ÷
5 3 6

Sample worksheet from

133 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
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Sample worksheet from

© 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 Chapter 5: Equations and Inequalities
Introduction
In this chapter we delve deeper into our study of equations. Now, the equations require two or more steps to solve
and may contain parentheses. The variable may appear on both sides of the equation. Students will also write
equations to solve simple word problems.
There is also another lesson on patterns of growth, which may seem to be simply a fascinating topic, but in reality
presents the fundamentals of a very important concept in algebra―that of linear functions (although they are not
mentioned by that name)―and complements the study of lines in the subsequent lessons.
After the section about equations, the text briefly presents the basics of inequalities and how to graph them on a
number line. Students apply the principles for solving equations to solve simple inequalities and word problems that
involve inequalities.
The last major topic is graphing. Students begin the section by learning to graph linear equations and continue on to
the concept of slope, which in informal terms is a measure of the inclination of a line. More formally, slope can be
defined as the ratio of the change in y-values to the change in x-values. The final lesson applies graphing to the
previously-studied concepts of speed, time, and distance through graphs of the equation d = vt in the coordinate
plane.
You might consider mixing the lessons from this chapter with lessons from some chapter from part B (such as
chapter 6 or 8). For example, the student could study topics from this chapter and from the geometry chapter on
alternate days, or study a little from each chapter each day. Such, somewhat spiral, usage of the curriculum can help
prevent boredom, and also to help students retain the concepts better.

As a reminder, you will find free videos covering many topics of this chapter of the curriculum at
https://www.mathmammoth.com/videos/ (choose 7th grade).

The Lessons in Chapter 5

page span
Two-Step Equations ..................................... 168 5 pages
Two-Step Equations: Practice ...................... 173 4 pages
Growing Patterns 2 ...................................... 177 4 pages
A Variable on Both Sides ............................. 181 6 pages
Some Problem Solving ................................. 187 3 pages
Using the Distributive Property .................... 190 6 pages
Word Problems ............................................. 196 3 pages
Inequalities .................................................... 199 5 pages
Word Problems and Inequalities ................... 204 2 pages
Graphing ....................................................... 206 4 pages
An Introduction to Slope ............................... 210 5 pages
Speed, Time and Distance ............................. 215 5 pages
Chapter 5 Mixed Review ............................... 220 3 pages
Chapter 5 Review ........................................... 223 6 pages

Sample worksheet from

163 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 Helpful Resources on the Internet
Pre-algebra Videos
A set of videos matching this pre-algebra course, made by the author.
http://www.mathmammoth.com/videos/prealgebra/pre-algebra-videos.php

TWO-STEP EQUATIONS

Model Algebraic Equations with a Scale

Model and solve algebraic equations using a pan balance and tiles. Choose “2-Step Equations” for this level.
http://www.mathplayground.com/AlgebraEquations.html

Two-Step Equations Game

Choose the correct root for the given equation (multiple-choice), and then you get to attempt to shoot a basket. The
game can be played alone or with another student.
http://www.math-play.com/Two-Step-Equations-Game.html

Solving Two-Step Equations

Type the answer to two-step-equations such as −4y + 9 = 29, and the computer checks it. If you choose “Practice
Mode,” it is not timed.
http://www.xpmath.com/forums/arcade.php?do=play&gameid=64

Two-Step Equations
Practice solving equations that take two steps to solve in this interactive exercise from Khan Academy.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/one-variable-linear-equations/alg1-two-steps-equations-intro/e/linear_equations_2

Two-Step Equations Word Problems

Practice writing equations to model and solve real-world situations in this interactive exercise.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-basics/alg-basics-linear-equations-and-inequalities/alg-basics-two-steps-equations-
intro/e/linear-equation-world-problems-2

Visual Patterns
Hundreds of growing patterns. The site provides the answer to how many elements are in step 43 of the pattern.
http://www.visualpatterns.org/

SIMPLIFYING EXPRESSIONS

Factor the Expressions Quiz

Factor expressions. For example, −4x + 16 factors into −4(x − 4).
http://www.thatquiz.org/tq-0/?-jh00-l4-p0

Simplifying Algebraic Expressions Practice Problems

Practice simplifying expressions such as 4(2p − 1) − (p + 5) with these 10 questions. Answer key included.
http://www.algebra-class.com/algebraic-expressions.html

Distributive Property with Negative Numbers

Use the distributive property to remove the parentheses in this interactive exercise. Click to see an example.
http://www.hstutorials.net/dialup/distributiveProp.htm

Simplifying Algebraic Expressions (1)

Eight practice problems that you can check yourself about combining like terms and using the distributive property.
http://www.algebralab.org/lessons/lesson.aspx?file=Algebra_BasicOpsSimplifying.xml

Simplifying Algebraic Expressions (2)

Check your knowledge of algebraic expressions with this interactive multiple-choice quiz.
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=asa&wcsuffix=0602

Sample worksheet from

164 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 MORE EQUATIONS

Balance When Adding and Subtracting Game

An interactive balance where you add or subtract x’s and 1’s until you leave x alone on one side.
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/add-subtract-balance.html

Solve Equations Quiz

A 10-question online quiz where you need to solve equations with an unknown on both sides.
http://www.thatquiz.org/tq-0/?-j102-l4-p0

Equations Level 3 Online Exercise

Practice solving equations with an unknown on both sides in this self-check online exercise.
http://www.transum.org/software/SW/Starter_of_the_day/Students/Equations.asp?Level=3

Missing Lengths
Try to figure out the value of the letters used to represent the missing numbers.
http://www.transum.org/software/SW/Starter_of_the_day/Students/Missing_Lengths.asp

Equations Level 4 Online Exercise

Practice solving equations which include brackets in this self-check online exercise.
http://www.transum.org/software/SW/Starter_of_the_day/Students/Equations.asp?Level=4

Equations Level 5 Online Exercise

This exercise includes more complex equations requiring multiple steps to find the solution.
http://www.transum.org/software/SW/Starter_of_the_day/Students/Equations.asp?Level=5

Solving Equations Quizzes

Here are some short online quizzes that you can check yourself.
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=ara&wcsuffix=0406&area=view
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=bja&wcsuffix=0701

Rags to Riches Equations

Choose the correct root to a linear equation.
http://www.quia.com/rr/4096.html

Algebra Four Game

To practice the types of equations we study in this chapter, choose “Level 1,” and tick the boxes “Variable on both
sides,” “Distributive Property,” and “Two-Step Problems” (don’t check “Quadratic Equations”).
http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/AlgebraFour/

Solve Equations Exercises

Click “new problem” (down the page) to get a randomly generated equation to solve. This exercise includes an
optional graph which the student can use as a visual aid.
http://www.onemathematicalcat.org/algebra_book/online_problems/solve_lin_int.htm#exercises

Equation Word Problems Quiz

Solve word problems which involve equations and inequalities in this multiple-choice online quiz.
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=bja&wcsuffix=0704

Whimsical Windows - Equation Game

Write an equation for the relationship between x and y based on a table of x and y values. Will you discover the
long lost black unicorn stallion?
http://mrnussbaum.com/whimsical-windows/

Sample worksheet from

165 © 2022 Taina Maria Miller
www.mathmammoth.com
 INEQUALITIES

Inequality
A six-question quiz on simple inequalities and their graphs.
http://www.mathopolis.com/questions/q.php?id=12194

Equations and Inequalities

Test your skills with this multiple-choice quiz.
http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?wcprefix=ara&wcsuffix=0407&area=view

Plot Simple Inequalities

Practice plotting simple inequalities on a number line in this 10-question interactive quiz.
https://www.thatquiz.org/tq-o/?-j18-l1-p0

Match Inequalities and Their Plots

Match the statements with the corresponding diagrams in this interactive online activity.
http://www.transum.org/software/SW/Starter_of_the_day/Students/InequalitiesB.asp?Level=5

Solve Simple Inequalities

For each inequality, find the range of values for x which makes the statement true. An example is given.
http://www.transum.org/software/SW/Starter_of_the_day/Students/InequalitiesC.asp?Level=6

Two-Step Inequality Word Problems

Practice constructing, interpreting, and solving linear inequalities that model real-world situations.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/one-variable-linear-inequalities/alg1-two-step-inequalities/e/interpretting-solving-
linear-inequalities

SPEED, TIME, AND DISTANCE

Understanding Distance, Speed, and Time

An interactive simulation of two runners. You set their starting points and speeds, and observe their positions as the
tool runs the simulation. It graphs the position of both runners in relation to time.
http://illuminations.nctm.org/Activity.aspx?id=6378

Representing Motion
A tutorial an interactive quiz with various questions about speed, time, and distance.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/forces/represmotionrev1.shtml

Absorb Advanced Physics - Speed

An online tutorial that teaches the concept of average speed with the help of interactive simulations and exercises.
http://www.absorblearning.com/advancedphysics/demo/units/010101.html#Describingmotion

Distance-Time Graphs
An illustrated tutorial about distance-time graphs. Multiple-choice questions are included.
http://www.absorblearning.com/advancedphysics/demo/units/010103.html

Distance-Time Graph
Click the play button to see a distance-time graph for a vehicle which moves, stops, and then changes direction.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/forces/represmotionrev5.shtml

Distance Versus Time Graph Puzzles

Try to move the stick man along a number line in such a way as to illustrate the graph that is shown.
http://davidwees.com/graphgame/

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 A Variable on Both Sides
Example 1. Solve 2x + 8 = −5x. Example 2. Solve 10 − 2s = 4s + 9.
Notice that the unknown appears on both sides of the To isolate s, we need to
equation. To isolate it, we need to
z either add 2s to both sides
z either subtract 2x from both sides—because
that makes 2x disappear from the left side z or subtract 4s from both sides.

z or add 5x to both sides—because that makes The choice is yours. Personally, I like to keep the
−5x disappear from the right side. unknown on the left side and eliminate it from the right.

2x + 8 = −5x + 5x 10 − 2s = 4s + 9 − 4s
(now add 2x and (now simplify −2s − 4s
2x + 8 + 5x = 0 10 − 2s − 4s = 9
5x on the left side) on the left side)
7x + 8 = 0 −8 10 − 6s = 9 − 10
7x = −8 ÷7 −6s = −1 ÷ (−6)
x = −8/7 s = 1/6

Check: Check:
2 · (−8/7) + 8 −5 · (−8/7) 10 − 2 · (1/6) 4 · (1/6) + 9

−16/7 + 8 40/7 10 − 2/6 4/6 + 9

−2 2/7 + 8 = 5 5/7 9 4/6 = 9 4/6

1. Solve. Check your solutions (as always!).

a. 3x + 2 = 2x − 7 b. 9y − 2 = 7y + 5

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 2. Solve. Check your solutions (as always!).

a. 11 − 2q = 7 − 5q b. 6z − 5 = 9 − 2z

c. 8x − 12 = −1 − 3x d. −2y − 6 = 20 + 6y

e. 6w − 6.5 = 2w − 1 f. 5g − 5 = −20 − 2g

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 Combining like terms
Remember, in algebra, a term is an expression that consists of numbers, fractions, and/or variables that are
multiplied. This means that the expression −2y + 7 + 8y has three terms, separated by the plus signs.
In the expression −2y + 7 + 8y, the terms −2y and 8y are called like terms because they have the same variable
part (in this case a single y). We can combine (add or subtract) like terms.
To do that, it helps to organize the terms in the expression in alphabetical order according to the variable part and
write the constant terms last. We get −2y + 8y + 7 (8y − 2y + 7 is correct, too).
Next, we add −2y + 8y and get 6y. So the expression −2y + 7 + 8y simplifies to 6y + 7.

Example 3. Simplify 6y − 8 − 9y + 2 − 7y.

Why can we do it this way?
First, we organize the expression so that the terms
Because subtracting a term is the same as adding
with y are written first, followed by the constant terms.
its opposite. In symbols,
For that purpose, we view each operation symbol
(+ or −) in front of the term as the sign of each term. 6y −8 − 9y + 2 − 7y
In a sense, you can imagine each plus or minus = 6y + (−8) + (−9y) + 2 + (−7y).
symbol as being “glued” to the term that follows it.
Of course the first term, 6y, gets a “+” sign. In other words, the expression 6y − 8 − 9y + 2 − 7y
is the SUM of the terms 6y, −8, −9y, 2, and −7y.

After reordering the terms, the expression becomes 6y − 9y − 7y − 8 + 2.

Now we need to combine the like terms 6y, −9y, and −7y. We do that by finding the sum
of their coefficients 6, −9, and −7. Since 6 − 9 − 7 = −10, we know that 6y − 9y − 7y = −10y.
Similarly, we combine the two constant terms: −8 + 2 = −6.
Our expression therefore simplifies to −10y − 6.

3. Fill in the pyramid! Add each pair of terms

in neighboring blocks and write its sum
in the block above it.

4. Organize the expressions so that the variable terms are written first, followed by constant terms.

a. 6 + 2x − 3x − 7 + 11

b. −s − 12 + 15s + 9 − 7s

c. −8 + 5t − 2 − 6t

5. Simplify the expressions in the previous exercise.

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 6. Simplify.

a. 5x − 8 − 7x + 1 b. −6a − 15a + 9a + 7a

c. −8 + 7c − 11c + 8 − c d. 10 − 5x − 8x − 9 + x

7. Fill in the pyramid! Add each pair of terms

in neighboring blocks and write its sum
in the block above it.

8. Find what is missing from the sums.

a. 8x + 2 + ______________ = 5x + 8 b. 5b − 2 + ______________ = 2b + 7

c. −2z + ______________ = 1 − 5z d. −4f + 3 + ______________ = −f − 1

9. Fill in the pyramid! Add each pair of terms

in neighboring blocks and write its sum
in the block above it.

10. Simplify.

a. 0.5y + 1.2y − 0.6y b. −1.6v − 1 − v c. −0.8k + 3 + 0.9k

11. A challenge! Solve the equation (−1/2)x − 6 + 8x + 7 − x = 0.

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 Example 4. One or both sides of On the left side, combine 3x and −5x.
an equation may have several 3x + 7 − 5x = 6x + 1 − 5x
On the right side, combine 6x and −5x.
terms with the unknown. In that
case, we need to combine the −2x + 7 = x + 1 −x
like terms (simplify) before −3x + 7 = 1 −7
continuing with the actual solution.
−3x = −6 · (−1)
3x = 6 ÷3
x = 2

12. Solve. Check your solutions.

a. 6x + 3x + 1 = 9x − 2x − 7 b. 16y − 4y − 3 = −4y − y

c. −26x + 12x = −18x + 8x − 6 d. −9h + 4h + 7 = −2 + 5h + 9h + 8h

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 13. Solve. Check your solutions.

a. 2x − 4 − 7x = −8x + 5 + 2x b. −6 − 4z − 3z = 5z + 8 − z

c. 8 − 2m + 5m − 8m = 20 − m + 5m − 2m d. −x − x + 2x = 5 − 5x + 9x

e. −q + 2q − 5q − 6q = 20 − 7 − 9 + q f. 9 − s + 7 − 9s = 2 − 2s − 11

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