Biomechanics

BIOMECHANICS
For Fitness and Personal Trainers
International Academy of Sports Science & Technology

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BIOMECHANICS
Biomechanics is the study of the mechanics
of living organisms, particularly the application
of mechanical principles and techniques to
understand the structure, function, and
movement of the human body. It involves the
analysis of forces, motion, and their effects on
biological systems.
Biomechanics
is important for
fitness trainers
for several
reasons
Movement Analysis
Biomechanics allows fitness trainers to

analyze and understand the mechanics of
human movement. By examining joint
angles, forces, and muscle actions, trainers
can assess movement patterns, identify
faulty mechanics or compensations, and
make informed decisions about exercise
selection, technique correction, and injury
prevention
Biomechanics
is important for
fitness trainers
for several
reasons
Exercise Technique
Biomechanical analysis helps trainers

assess and optimize exercise technique
for their clients. By understanding the
biomechanics of different exercises,
trainers can teach proper form,
alignment, and movement patterns to
maximize effectiveness, minimize injury
risk, and enhance performance
Biomechanics
is important for
fitness trainers
for several
reasons
Injury Prevention
Biomechanics provides insights into the

factors contributing to injury development and
mechanisms of injury. Fitness trainers can
use this knowledge to identify potential risk
factors, modify training programs, and
prescribe exercises that promote proper
alignment, joint stability, and muscle balance
to reduce the risk of injuries during exercise
Biomechanics
is important for
fitness trainers
for several
reasons
Equipment Selection
Biomechanics is valuable in guiding trainers in

selecting appropriate equipment for their clients.
By considering factors such as body mechanics,
joint angles, and force distribution, trainers can
choose equipment (e.g., footwear, resistance
machines, or sports-specific gear) that supports
optimal movement and enhances performance
while minimizing the risk of injury
Biomechanics
is important for
fitness trainers
for several
reasons
Individualized Programming
Biomechanical assessment provides trainers

with objective data to customize exercise
programs based on the unique needs, abilities,
and limitations of their clients. By considering
factors such as joint mobility, stability, and
movement quality, trainers can tailor exercises,
modifications, progressions, and regressions to
suit individual biomechanical profiles and
promote safe and effective training outcomes
Planes of Motion
In human anatomy and kinesiology,

planes of motion are imaginary two-
dimensional surfaces that pass
through the body. They are used to
describe the direction of movements.
There are three primary planes of
motion
Planes of Motion
Frontal / Coronal Plane
Divides the body into front (anterior) and

back (posterior) halves.
Movements in this plane are called

abduction (moving away from the midline
of the body) and adduction (moving
towards the midline of the body).
Examples include raising your arms to the

side or doing a side leg raise.
Planes of Motion
Sagittal Plane
Divides the body into left and right halves.
Movements in this plane are called flexion

(bending) and extension (straightening).
Examples include nodding your head or

doing a bicep curl.
Planes of Motion
Transverse Plane
Divides the body into top (superior) and

bottom (inferior) halves.
Movements in this plane are rotational,

including internal (medial) rotation and
external (lateral) rotation.
An example would be turning your head

from side to side or twisting your torso.
Planes of Motion
In addition to these basic movements in each plane, there

are combinations and variations that can involve multiple
planes, such as circumduction, which is a combination of
flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, like the
movement seen when "drawing" a circle with your arm.
Knowing these planes of motion is essential for

professionals in fields like physical therapy, personal
training, and sports medicine. They use this knowledge to
analyze movement patterns, identify muscular imbalances,
and develop rehabilitation or training programs tailored to an
individual's needs.
levers system to
create
movement
The human body utilizes a system of levers to create

movement.
A lever consists of a rigid bar (bone), a fulcrum (joint) which

is referred to as the axis of motion (A), an applied force
(muscle contraction) (F), and a resistance or load, (the
weight being moved) (R).
The arrangement of these components determines the type

and efficiency of movement.
levers system to
create
movement
There are three classes of levers found in the human body
First-Class Lever
In a first-class lever, the axis of motion is positioned

between the applied force and the resistance.
Examples in the body include the head balanced on

the top of the spine (atlanto-occipital joint).
levers system to
create
movement
Second-Class Lever
In a second-class lever, the resistance is positioned

between the applied force and the axis of motion.
Examples in the body include the action of the calf

muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) in
plantarflexing the foot at the ankle joint and the
movement of the body when standing on tiptoes.
levers system to
create
movement
Third-Class Lever
In a third-class lever, the applied force is positioned

between the axis of motion and the resistance.
The majority of levers in the human body are third-

class levers.
Examples include the biceps brachii muscle in
flexing the forearm at the elbow joint
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BIOMECHANICS

For Fitness and Personal Trainers

International Academy of Sports Science & Technology

Biomechanics allows fitness trainers to

Biomechanical analysis helps trainers

Biomechanics provides insights into the

Biomechanics is valuable in guiding trainers in

Biomechanical assessment provides trainers

In human anatomy and kinesiology,

Frontal / Coronal Plane

Divides the body into front (anterior) and

Movements in this plane are called

Examples include raising your arms to the

Divides the body into left and right halves.

Movements in this plane are called flexion

Examples include nodding your head or

Divides the body into top (superior) and

Movements in this plane are rotational,

An example would be turning your head

In addition to these basic movements in each plane, there

Knowing these planes of motion is essential for

The human body utilizes a system of levers to create

A lever consists of a rigid bar (bone), a fulcrum (joint) which

The arrangement of these components determines the type

In a first-class lever, the axis of motion is positioned

Examples in the body include the head balanced on

In a second-class lever, the resistance is positioned

Examples in the body include the action of the calf

In a third-class lever, the applied force is positioned

The majority of levers in the human body are third-

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