Shubham% Basic terminologies: 1, Experiment: It is any action or process that results in one or more outcomes. a) Deterministic experiment: It is an experiment for which the outcome is unique and it can be predicted before performing an experiment. Example: Investing money in bank in the form of fixed deposit b) Random experiment: It is an experiment in which there are two or more possible outcomes but is not possible to predict any particular result out of these outcomes. Example: Tossing a coin, throwing a die 2. Events: The results of a random experiment are known as events. 4) Simple or elementary event: An event consisting of single point or element is known as simple event, b) Impossible event: An event which does not contain any element is known as impossible event. ©) Complementary event: Let A be any event, then the event which contains all the possible outcomes except the outcomes in event A is known as complement of A and is denoted as “A” 3. Union of two events: It contains all the elements in event A as well as all the elements in events B, It is denoted by "A U5".4, Intersection of two events: It contains the elements which are present in both events A and B i.e. common elements and is denoted by "4 2". 5. Exhaustive events: If the union of two events equals to the total number of ‘outcomes of an experiment, then the events are exhaustive events. 6, Mutually exclusive events: When the intersection of two events is an empty set i.e. there is no common element in both the events, such events are known as mutually exclusive events. "An 8 = 0" 7. Independent events: If the occurrence of one event does not influence the. occurrence of the other, then the two events are known as independent events. Events A and B are known as independent events if “P(A B) = P(A). P(B)” 8 Equally likely events: If the probability of event A is equal to probability of event 8, it is known as equally likely events % Probability: ‘The ratio of number of elements in an event to the total number of elements i.e, outcomes is known as probability. number of elements in A P(A) = total number of elements i 20-2 Following are the limitations of this particular definition/ formula: 1. Ttis applicable only when total no, of events is finite, 2. Ithasa limited field of application like coin tossing, dice throwing, drawing cards etc. where the possible events are known well in advance. Note: 1. Probability of an event lies between O and Lie. 0 < P(A) <1 2. The event A along with its complimentary Al forms a set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive events ie, P(A) + P(A!) =1Problem No. 1: A coin is tossed three times. What is the probability of getting i) 2heads ii) At least 2 heads Solution’ i) S = (HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT} = n(S) = 8 A= (HHT, HTH, THH) = n(A) = 3 P(A) 2320375 ii) B= (HHH, HHT, HTH, HH) = n(B) = p(n) = MO 4 = p(B) = MS = $= 0.50 Problem No. 2: A dice is rolled twice. What is the probability of getting a difference of 2 points? Solution: 1 3 2 2 4 2 3 51 2 4 6.2 2 5 2 6 4 2 n(A)= 8 n(S)= 36 pay = ng) * 36° 9* * Problem No. 3: What is the chance of picking a Spade or an Ace not of spade from a pack of 52 cards? Solution 4 Wa Problem No. 4: Find the probability that a four-digit no, comprising 2,5, 6 and 7 would be divisible by 4. Solution: The total four digits nos. that can be formed = 4! = 24 Note: For ano, to be divisible by 4 the last two digits should be divisible by 4 So the last two digits could be: 52 or 56 or 72 or 76 i.e. 4 cases Now first two digits can be filled up using remaining two digits in two ways for each. Therefore total nos. divisible by 4 will be 4 x 2 PALES Odds in favour of event A: The ratio of no. of favourable events to the number of unfavourable events is known as odds in favour of event A Odds Against the event A: The ratio of no. of unfavourable events to the number of favourable events is known as odds against the event A. Addition theore! 1. For any two events A and B, when A and B are not mutually exclusive events: P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) — P(ANB) 2. For any two events A and B, when A and B are mutually exclusive events: P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) 3. For any three events A, B and C, when A, B and C are not mutually exclusive events: P(AUBUC) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) — P(A NB) ~ P(BAC) P(E A) + PLANBAC)Problem No, 5: A no, is selected at random from the first 1000 natural nos. What is ‘the probability that it would be a multiple of 5 or 9? Note: Whenever “or” is used consider it as union (j.e. AUB) and whenever “both” is used consider it as intersection (i.e. ANB) Solution: Let multiple of 5 be n(A) = “<= = 200 1000 Multiple of 9 be n(B) = =" = 111.11 = 111(take the previous exact value) 1000 Multiple of both 5 and 9 be n(A mB) =e = 22.22 = 22 P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) ~ P(ANB) 200 | 111 22 1000 " 1000 1000 = 0.29 Problem No, 6: The probability that an Accountant's job applicant has a B.com degree is 0.85, that he is a CA is 0.30 and that he is both B.com and CA is 0.25. ‘Out of 500 applicants how many would be B.com or CA? Solution: P(A) = 0.85 P(B) = 0.30 P(AnB) = 0.25 P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) ~ P(A B) = 0.90 Now, No, of applicants = 500 x 0,90 = 450 % Conditional probability: The probability of occurrence of any event A assuming that another event B has already occurred is denoted by "P(A/ 8)" P(ANB) PAL) = Sa Similarly, the probability of B assuming that A has already occurred is defined as P(AnB) PO/A)= P(A) Example: Two dice are rolled and the total point obtained is 4, What is the probability that at least one dice show no. 2% Multiplication rule: 1. IfP(A)>0, then P(an 8) = P(A) x P(B/ A) 2. Tf P(B) > 0, then P(AnB) = P(B) x P(A/B) Note: Tf A and B are independent, then the following pairs of events are also independent. 1. Aand al 2. Aland B 3. Aland! Problem No. 7: Rupesh is known to hit a target in 5 out of 9 shots whereas David is known to hit the same target in 6 out of 11 shots. What is the probability that the. target would be hit once they both try? Solution: P(A) = 2 P(A mR) = PCA) x P(B) = (since both are independent event) P(AUB) = P(A) + PCB) — PCAN B) = Problem No. 8: A pair of dice is thrown together and the sum of points of the two dice is noted to be 10, What is the probability that one of the two dice has shown the point 4? Solution: Let A = sum of points is 10 = (4,6), (5,5), (6.4)) P(A) = 3/36 (nb) = ((4.6),(64)} P(A NB) = 2/36 — Pane) 2 PRIA = Tay 5 Problem No. 9: Ih a group of 20 males and 15 females, 12 males and 8 females are service holders. What is the probability that a person selected at random from the group is a service holder given that the selected person is a male? Solution: Let $ be service holder and M be male, P(S/ M) = #SOHOProblem No. 10: If 8 balls are distributed at random among three boxes, what is the probability that the first box would contain 3 balls? ‘Solution: Each ball can be distributed to 1* or 2" or 3° box. ie. each ball has three options. Therefore, total ways = 3° Now if first 3 balls are placed in 1" box than other 5 balls in remaining two boxes can be distributed in 25 ways and also first three balls can be selected from all 8 balls in 8, ways. Begx2* _ 3792 3°” S61 P(A) = “ Random Variable (Stochastic variable): In simple words it can be defined as possible values. Example: A coin is tossed two times and X denotes no. of heads, then X is a random variable. S = (HH,HT,TH,TT} TT 0 1/4 HT,TH [1 2/4 HH 2 1/4 1 Expected value or mathematical expectations: Tt is the sum of products of the different values taken by the random variable and the corresponding probabilities. It is denoted by *E(x)" or *u’ £@) =) xp Var(s) = Y'x.p- EG)? Important properties of expectations: E(k)=k E (kx) =k. E@) E (x+y) = E(x) + Ey) E (xy) = E(x). E(y), when x and y are independent RaneProblem No, 11: A coin is tossed three times. Find the expected value of the no. of heads and also its SD. Solution: $= (HHH, HHT, HTH,THH, HTT, THT,TTH,TTT} TTT 0 1/8 0 0 HTT, TAT, TTH 1 3/8 3/8 3/8 HAT, HTH, TAH 2 3/8 6/8 12/8 HHH 3 1/8 3/8 9/8 1 12/8 24/8 E(x) = Dxp= 12/8=15 Var(X) = £22.p — (E(@))? = 3 - (1.5)? = 0.75 Problem No. 12: Ina business venture, a man can make a profit of Rs, 50,000 or incur a loss of Rs, 20,000. The probabilities of making profit or incurring loss, from the past experience, are known to be 0.75 and 0.25 resp. What is his expected value? x Pox) xP Solution: E(x)= Sx.p = 32,500/- 50000 [075 37,500 - 20,000 0.25 - 5,000 32,500le Choice Questions ‘© Problems Based on Theory: 1. Two broad divisions of probability are {* *} a) Subjective probability and objective probability b)_ Deductive probability and non-deductive probability ©) Statistical probability and mathematical probability 4d) None of these 2. An experiment is known to be random if the results of the experiment {# * ) a) Cannot be predicted b) Can be predicted ©) Can be split into further experiments 4d) Can be selected at random 3. [Jan 21] An event that can be split into further events is known as {*) a) Complex event b) Mixed event ©) Simple event d) Composite event 4, Which of the following pairs of events are mutually exclusive? (*} 1) A: The student reads ina school _B: He studies Philosophy b)_ A: Raju was born in India B: He isa fine engineer c) A: Rama is 16 years old B: She is a good singer 4) A:Peteris under 15 years of age B: Peter is a voter of Kolkata 5. IFP(A) = P(B), then (+ * *) a) Aand Bare the same events b) And 8 must be same events ©) Aand B may be different events 4d) Aand B are mutually exclusive events 6. If, B and C are mutually exclusive independent and exhaustive events than what is the probability that they occur simultaneously? {* * * *} a) 1 b) 0.50 Qo 4) Any value between 0 and 1 7. For three events A,B and C the probability that only A occurs ( * +} a) PA) b) PuBuC) ) Palngnc) a) P(ansincly“ Problems Based on Basic Probabili a, 10, 1 12, 13 14, ‘What is the chance of throwing at least 7 in a single cast with 2 dice? (4 #) a) 5/12 b) 7/12 0 4 4) 17/36 Iftwo unbiased dice are rolled together, what is the probability of getting no difference of points? (+) a) 1/2 b) 1/3 9 us @) 6 Following are the wages of 8 workers in rupees: 50, 62, 40, 70, 45, 56, 32, 45. fone of the workers is selected at random, what is the probability that his wage would be lower than the average wage? {*) a) 0.625 b) 0.500 ) 0375 d) 0.450 A, Band Care three mutually exclusive and exhaustive events such that P (A) = 2 P (B) = 3P(C), What is P(B)? (* ***) a) 6/11 by 3/a a v6 ) 1/3 For two events A and 8, P (B) = 0.3, P (A but not B) = 0.4 and P {not A) = 0.6. The events A and are(## #4) a) Exhaustive b) Independent «) Equally likely 4) Mutually exclusive For two independent events A and 8, what is P (A+8), given P(A) = 3/5 and P(8) = 2/37, () a) 1/5 b) 13/15 9 7/5 d) 0.65 fp UB a) 1/3 b) 5/6 c) 2/3 5/6, P(A) = % and P (B) 2/3, , what is P (AUB) ? (44)15, 16, 7, 18, 19, 20. a 4) 4/9 IFfor two independent events A and B, P (AWB) (ete) a) 4/15 b) 4/9 9 5/9 ) 7/15 2/3 and P(A) = 2/5, what is P (8)? IP (A) =a, P(B)=b and P (P (Ar\B)= cthen the expression of P(A’ (ake) a) 1-a-b-c¢ b) atb-c o) 1ta-b-e d) 1-a-bee ‘Jin terms of a, band cis Itis given that a family of 2 children has a girl, what is the probability that the other child is also a girl? (4 x *} a) 0.50 b) 0.75 9 1/3 d) 2/3 ‘A family has 2 children. The probability that both of them are boys if itis known that one of them isa boy (* *} a) 1 b) 1/2 3/4 4d) None of the above Iftwo random variables x and y are related as y = ~3x +4 and standard deviation of xis 2, then the standard deviation of y is (**} a) -6 b) 6 9 18 d) 3.50 If 2x + 3y +4 =O and v(x) = 6 then v (y) is (# *} a) 8/3 b) 9 9-9 4) 6 If an unbiased coin is tossed three times, what is the probability of getting more than one head? (**} a) 1/8 b) 3/8 9 1222, 23, 24, 25 26. 27 4) 3 Iftwo unbiased dice are rolled, what is the probability of getting points neither 6 nor 9? (eee) a) 0.25 b) 0.50 @ 075 d) 0.80 ‘Anumber's selected at random from the first 1000 natural numbers. What is the probability that the number so selected would be a multiple of 7 or 11? (* **} a) 0.25 b) 0.32 ) 0.22 4) 0.33 ‘A problem in probability was given to three CA students A, 8 and C whose chances of solving it are 1/3, 1/5 and 1/2 respectively. What is the probability that the problem would be solved? (* *#*} a) 4/15, b) 7/8 8/15 d) 11s For a group of students, 30 %, 40% and 50% failed in Physics, Chemistry and at least one of the two subjects respectively. Ifan examinee is selected at random, whatisthe probability that he passed in Physics if it is known that he failed in Chemistry? (* * * *} a) 12 b) 1/3 a ua 4) 1/6 X and Y stand in a line with 6 other people. What is the probability that there are 3 persons between them? (+ # ) a) 1/5 b) 1/6 our 4) 1/3 Four digits 1, 2, 4 and 6 are selected at random to form a four-digit number. What is the probability that the number so formed, would be divisible by 4? {# #4} a) 1/2 b) 4/5 0 uA 4) 1/328, The probability distribution of a random variable x is given below: xo 2 4s 6 P: 015 0.25 0.20 030 0.10 What is the standard deviation of x? (4) a) 1.49 b) 1.56 o 169 4) 172 29. The probability distribution of a random variable is as follows xX li 2 |4 [6 |8 p(k [a [ak [ae _[k The variance of xis ( ®) a) 24 b) 441 o) 2.32 4) 2.47 30, [May 19] Ifa coin is tossed 5 times, then the probability of getting tail and head occurs alternatively is (4 *)} a) 1/8 b) 1/16 1/32 d) 1/64 31, [Jan 21] Three identical and balanced dice are rolled. The probability that the same no. will appear on each of them is {* *} a) 6 b) 1/38 3 136 4) 14 32, [Jan 21] Two dice thrown simultaneously. The probability of a total score of 5 from the outcome of dice is (* *} a) 1/18 by 1/2 9 1/9 d) 2/5 33, [Jan 21] If an unbiased coin is tossed twice, then the probability of obtaining at least one tail is (ee) a) 1 b) 05 9 075 4) 0.2534, 36. 37. 38, 39. [lan 21] ifn unbiased coin is tossed three times, what is the probability of getting more than one head (* *} a) 1/2 b) 3/8 9 7/8 @) 13 [july 21] If there are 48 marbles marked with nos. 1 to 48, then the probability of selecting the marble having the no. divisible by 4 is (* * * *) a) 1/2 b) 2/3 9 1/3 ga (July 21] The probability that a football team losing a match at Kolkata is 3/5 and winning a match at Bengaluru is 6/7, the probability ofthe team winning atleast one match s (eee) 3) 3/35 b) 19/35 3) 32/35 6) 17/35 [July 21] The value of k for the probability density function of a variate xis equal to (*} x Jo 7) (2 (3 [4 [5 16 Poy [sk [3k [ak [ok [a [9k [atk a) 1/39 b) 1/40 18s ) 1/45 [Dec 21] The probability distribution of a random variable x is given below: x 1 2 4 5 6 B ois [025 [o2 O3 On, ‘What is the standard deviation of x? (# ® ® *} a) 149 b) 1.56 o 1.69 4) 172 [Dec 21] Ina group of 20 males and 15 females, 12 males and 8 females are service holders, What is the probability that a person selected at random from the group is a service holder given that the selected person is a male? (# * & &} a) 0.40 b) 0.60 0.45 4) 055° 40. 4 ‘A traffic census show that out of 1000 vehicles passing a junction point on a highway 600 turned to the right. The probability of an automobile turning the right is (*} a) 2/5 b) 3/5 9 4/5 4d) None of the above Ifthe probability of a horse A winning a race's 1/6 and the probability of ahorse 8 winning the same race is 1/4, what is the probability that one of the horses will win ( * *) a) 5/12 b) 7/22 Se 4) None of the above Problems Based on Selection of Balls: 42 43, 44, 45, 46. ‘A bag contains 15 one-rupee coins, 25 two-rupee coins and 10 five-rupee coins. Ifa coin is, selected at random from the bag, then the probability of not selecting a one-rupee coin is (eee) a) 0.30 b) 0.70 0.25 4) 0.20 If two letters are taken at random from the word HOME, what is the probability that none of the letters would be vowels? ( * *) a) 6 b) 1/2 0 13 da If card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards, what is the chance of getting a Spade or an ace? {x * *} a) 4/13 by 5/13 0.25, 4) 0.20 Two balls are drawn from a bag containing 5 white and 7 black balls at random. What is the probability that they would be of different colours? (* *} a) 35/36 b) 30/66 9) 12/66 4d) None of the above There are 10 balls numbered from 1 to 10 ina box. If one of them is selected at random, what is the probability that the number printed on the ball would be an odd number greater that 42 (4) a) 0.5047. 48, 49, 50. 52 b) 0.40 ) 0.60 4) 0.30 ‘A.bag contains 12 balls which are numbered from 1 to 12. Ifa ball is selected at random, what is the probability that the number of the ball will be a multiple of 5 or 6? ( ** *} a) 0.30 b) 0.25 ©) 0.20 4) 1/3 ‘box contains § white and 7 black balls. Two successive drawn of 3 balls are made (i) with replacement (i) without replacement. The probability that the first draw would produce white balls and the second draw would produce black balls are respectively {* * & * *} a) 6/321 and 3/926 b) 1/20 and 1/30, ©) 35/144 and 35/108 4d) 7/968 and 5/264 There are three boxes with the following composition: Box |: 5 Red +7 White + 6 Blue balls Box Il: 4 Red + 8 White + 6 Blue balls Box Ill:3 Red + 4 White + 2 Blue balls Ione ball is drawn at random, then what is the probability that they would be of same colour? (* * *} a) 89/729 b) 97/729 ) 82/729 4) 23/32 ‘Abag contains 8 red and 5 white balls. Two successive draws of 3 balls are made without replacement. The probability that the first draw will produce 3 white balls and the second 3 red balls is (**} a) 5/223 b) 6/257 ) 7/428 4) 3/548 There are two boxes containing 5 white and 6 blue balls and 3 white and 7 blue balls respectively. Ifone of the boxes is selected at random and a ball is drawn from it, then the probability that the ball is blue is (* * * +} a) 115/227 b) 83/250 ) 137/220 4d} 127/250 There are two urns. The first urn contains 3 red and § white balls whereas the second urn contains 4 red and 6 white balls. A ball s taken at random from the first urn and is53 54, 55. 56. 97. 58 transferred to the second urn. Now another ball is selected at random from the second arm, The probability that the second ball would be red is ( * * * *} a) 7/20 b) 35/88 o) 17/52 4} 3/20 8 identical balls are placed at random in three bags. What Is the probability that the first bag will contain 3balls? (& * * * +) a) 0.2731 b) 0.3256 ) 0.1924 d) 0.3443 [Nov 06] An urn contains 9 balls two of which are red, three blue and four black. Three balls are drawn at random. The probability that they are of same colour is: (* *} a) 3/27 b) 20/31 ©) 5/84 4) None [Nov 07] A bag contains 8 red and 5 white balls. Two successive draws of 3 balls are made without replacement. The probability that the first draw will produce 3 white balls and second 3 red balls is: (* * *) a) 6/255 b) 5/584 7/429 4) 3/233 [June 06] A bag contains 12 balls of which 3 are red. 5 balls are drawn at random. Find the probability that in 5 balls 3 are red. {* * *} a) 3/132 b) 5/396 2 1/36 4) 1/22 [Nov 09] in a bag there were 5 white, 3 red and 2 black balls, Three balls are drawn at a time what is the probability that the three balls drawn are white? (*) a) 1/12 8) 128 1/120 4d) None of these [Dec 10] Consider urn |: 2 white balls, 3 black balls. Urn II: 4 white balls, 6 black balls. One ball is randomly transferred from first to second urn, then one ball is drawn from urn ll. The probability that drawn ball is white is: (* * * +} a) 22/65b) 22/46 ) 22/55 8) 24s 59, [June 13] A box contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random What isthe probability that none of the ball drawn is blue? (* *} a) 19/21 » pt aw a 57 60. [Jan 21] A basket contains 15 white balls, 25 red balls and 10 blue balls. Ifa balls selected at random, the probability of selecting a red coloured ball is {*} a) 0.20 b) 0.25 0.60 4) 0.70 61, [July 21] I there are 16 phones, 10 of them are android and 6 of them are of Apple, then the probability of 4 randomly selected phones to include 2 android and 2 apple phones is (ae) a) 0.47 b) 051 037 4) 027 62, [July 21] A bag contains 7 blue and 5 green balls. One ball is drawn at random. The probability of getting a blue ball is (*} a) 5/12 b) 12/35 o 7A2 40 63, [Dec 21] There are three boxes with the following composition: Box |:7 red, § white and 4 blue balls Box Il: red, 6 white and 3 blue balls Box Il: 4 red, 3 white and 2 blue balls ‘One of the boxes is selected at random and a ball is drawn from it. What is the probability the drawn ball is red? (# x) a) 1249/3024 b) 1247/3004 ) 1147/3024 4) 12 “Problems Based on Defective Items: 64, What is the chance of getting at least one defective item if 3 items are drawn randomly from a lot containing 6 ites of which 2 are defective item? {# * *} a) 0.30b) 0.20 0.80 4) 0.50 65. A packet of 10 electronic components is known to include 2 defectives. Ifa sample of 4 ‘components is selected at random from the packet, what is the probability that the sample does not contain more than 1 defective? (* * *) a) V3 b) 2/3 ¢ 13/15 4) 3/15, 4 Problems Based on Conditional Probability 66. Given that for two events A and B, P (A) = 3/5, P (B) = 2/3 and P(A vB) = 3/4, what is PA/B)? (**) a) 0.655 b) 13/60 ¢) 31/60 4) 0.775 67. IF (A) = p and P (8) a) P(A/B) < p/q b) PONE) < p/q ©) PIA/B) < a/p 4d). None of the above 1 then (**} 68. IF P (A) = 2/3, P(B) =3/4, P (A/B) = 2/3, then what is P (B / AJ? (**) a) 1/3 b) 2/3 o 3/4 d) 42 69. Two coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the probability that the second coin would show a tail given that the first coin has shown a head? (+ * + *} a) 0.50 b) 0.25 0.75 4) 0.125 70. For a group of students, 30 %, 40% and 50% failed in Physics, Chemistry and at least one of the two subjects respectively. fan examinee is selected at random, what is the probability that he passed in Physics ift is known that he failed in Chemistry? (* & * * +} e) 1/2 f) 1/3 a) 14 h) 1/671. Given that P (A) = 1/2, P (8) a) 1/2 b) 7/8 9 5/8 4) 2/3 4, what is P(A/B!) (ke) 1/3, P(A8 72, (July 21] If in a class, 60% of the students study mathematics and science and 90% of the students study science, then the probability of a student studying mathematics given that she is already studying science is (* * *) a) 1/2 b) 2/3 a. d) 4/2 73. [Dec 21] For any two dependent events A and B, P(A) 10/33. What are the values of P(A | 8) and P(B | A)? {#} a) 5/9, 6/11 b) 5/6, 6/11 o 1/9,2/9 4) 2/9, 4/9 74, [Dec 21] Ina group of 20 males and 15 females, 12 males and 8 females are service holders. What is the probability that a person selected at random from the group is a service holder given that the selected person is a male? {% %} a) 0.40 b) 0.60 2) 0.45 d) 055 “Problems Based on Expected Value: 75. Ifa random variable x assumes the values 0, 1 and 2 with probabilities 0.30, 0.50 and 0.20, then its expected value is (*} a) 150 b) 3 ) 0.90 ja 76. The probability that there is at least one error in an account statement prepared by 3 persons A, B and Care 0.2, 0.3 and 0.1 respectively. IA, B and C prepare 60, 70 and 90 such statements, then the expected number of correct statements (** # #) a) 170 b) 176 9 178 d) 18077 78. 79. 80. a. 82 ‘A bag contains 6 white and 4 red balls. if a person draws 2 balls and receives Rs. 10 and Rs, 20 for a white and red balls respectively, then his expected amount is (# * *} a) Rs.25 b) Rs. 26 ) Rs.29 d) Rs. 28 [Nov 06] There are six slips in a box and numbers 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, are written on these slips. Two slips are taken at random from the box. The expected values of the sum of numbers on the two slips is: (& # #) a) 5 b) a 4) [Nov 06] The probability that there is at-least one error in an account statement prepared by Ais 0.3 and for B and, they are 0.4 and 0.45 resp. A, Band C prepared 20, 10 and 40 statements resp. The expected number of correct statements in allis: (* *} a) 32 b) 45 9 2 4) 25 [May 07] Amitabh plays a game of tossing a dice. f the number less than 3 appears, he is. getting Rs. 2, otherwise he has to pay Rs. 10. Ifthe game is fair, find a, (Ok * #*} a) 25 b) 20 o) 22 d) 18 [Nov 07] A box contains 12 electric lamps of which 5 are defectives. A man selects 3 lamps at random. What is the expected no. of defective lamps in his selection? {# * +} a) 125 b) 2.50 105 4) 2.03 [Nov 07] Daily demand for calculators is having the following probability distribution: Demand 1 2 3 4 5 6 Probability [0.10 O15) (0.20) 025) O18 O12 Determine the variance of demand. (* *) a) 254 b) 2.93 o) 2.22 d) 21923, 84, 85. 86. [Dec 21] Assume that the probability for rain on a day is 0.4. An umbrella salesman can earn Rs, 400 per day in case of rain on that day and will lose Rs. 100 per day if there is no rain. The ‘expected earnings (in Rs.) per day of the salesman is (x) a) 400 b) 200 100 4) 0 [Dec 21] Four unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously, The expected number of heads is: (+) a) b) o 4) A packet of 10 electronic components is known to include 3 defectives. If 4 components are selected from the packet at random, what is the expected value of the number of defective? Goes) a) 1.20 b) 121 ¢ 169 @) 172 The probability of winning of a person is 6/11 and ata result he gets Rs. 77/-. The ‘expectation of this person is (4 # & *} a) Rs.35 b) Rs. 42 ©) R558 4d) None of the above Problems Based on Leap Year: 87. 88, 29, What isthe probability that a leap year selected at random would contain $3 Saturdays? Gon) a) 7 6) 2/7 9 une 4) 1/4 [Feb 07] In a non-leap year, the probability of getting 53 Sundays or 53 Tuesdays or 53 Thursdays is: (* * *) a) 4/7 b) 2/7 93/7 gay [Nov 18] The probability that a leap year has 53 Wednesdays is (* ) a) 2/7b) 3/5 9 2/3 47 90. What is the probability that 4 children selected at random would have different birthdays? (+) 64x363362 65) a) oxsxs ) as 368 ad 0/7 ‘© Problems Based on Target Hitting: 91, [Nov 18] Ram is known to hit a target in 2 out of 3 shots whereas Sham is known to hit the same target in 5 out of 11 shots. What is the probability that the target would be hitif they both try? (44 & &} a) 9 b) 3/11 10/33 4) oft 92, A man can killa bird once in three shots. The probabilities that a bird Is not killed is (eee) a) 1/3 b) 2/3 og. do