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54 views14 pagesQuadratic Function Intro
Uploaded by
Anoop SreedharCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 14
Main Ideas
+ Graph quadratic
functions
+ Find the equation of
the ass of symmetry
and the coordinates
ofthe vertex of
«parabola
Standard 2.0
Students graph
‘quadratic functions
and kno that he rot are
the intercepts.
New Vocabulary
«quadratic function
parabola
verter
symmetry
as of symmetry
“The parent graph of
the amily of quadratic
functions sy =
Graphing Quadratic Functions
Boe
Americafest at the Rose Bowl in
Pasadena, California, includes a
fireworks display set to music.
If a rocket (firework) is launched
with an initial velocity of
39.2 meters per second at a height
of 1.6 meters above the ground,
the equation h = —4.91? +
39.2 + 1.6 represents the rocket’s
height hin meters after t seconds.
The rocket will explode at
approximately the highest point.
Pera
i
i
2 4 6
Time (seconds)
Graph Quadratic Functions The function describing the height of the
rocket is an example of a quadratic function, A quadratic function can be
written in the form y = ax? + bx + ¢, where a # 0. This form of equation is
called standard form. The graph of a quadratic function is called a parabola.
Liaise Cr delededabadied
Words A quadratic function can be described by an equation of the form
y= ax? + bx + where a #0.
“ye A
Graph Opens Upward
Use a table of values to graph y = 2x? — 4x — 5. What are the domain
and range of this function?
Graph these ordered
pairs and connect them
with a smooth curve.
Because 2x? — 4x — 5 can
be evaluated for all real
numbers x, the domain is
the set of all real numbers.
The range is all real numbers
greater than or equal to ~7.
————‘omain
7
y= at 5
Lesson 9-1 Graphing Quadratic Functions 4741 Reading Math
Vertex The plural
of vertex is vertices.
In math, verter has
several meanings.
For example, there
are the vertex of an
angle, the vertices of,
a polygon, and the
vertex ofa parabola,
1. Use a table of values to graph y = x2 + 3. What are the domain and
range of this function?
Consider the standard form y = ax? + bx + c. Notice that the value of a in.
Example 1 is positive and the curve opens upward. The graph of any
, 1 _
Louisiana Purchase, and 32. y— 5 = 26x + 2) 33. y41=2641)
the pioneers who 3 3
etl Wt G34, The vertex of a parabola is at (~4, ~3), If one x-intercept is 11, what is the
people ist the ach other x-intercept?
ene: Wen Book 35. What is the equation of the axis of symmetry of a parabola if its x-intercept
are ~6and 4?
ARCHITECTURE For Exercises 36-38, use the following information.
‘The shape of the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, is a catenary curve.
It resembles a parabola with the equation h = ~0.00635x2 + 4.0005x — 0.07875,
where h is the height in feet and x is the distance from one base in feet.
36. What is the equation of the axis of symmetry?
37. What is the distance from one end of the arch to the other?
38, What is the maximum height of the arch?
FOOTBALL For Exercises 3941, use the following information.
A football is kicked from ground level at an initial velocity of 90 feet per
second. The equation h = —16t? + 90t gives the height ht of the football
after f seconds.
EXTRA
39. What is the height of the ball after one second?
rm 40, When is the ball 126 fect high?
Sethe Quzat_ | 41, When is the height of the ball zero feet? Describe the events these
ceagerelcon represent
H.O.T. Problems. 42. OPEN ENDED Sketch a parabola that models a real-life situation and describe
what the vertex represents. Determine reasonable domain and range values
for this type of situation.
43. REASONING Sketch the parent graph of the function y = 3x? — 5x — 2.
476 Chapter 9 Quadratic and Exponential Functions REASONING Let f(x) = x? — 9.
44, What is the domain of f(x)?
45. What is the range of f(x)?
46. For what values of xis /(x) negative?
47, When x is a real number, what are the domain and range of fix) = Vx? — 97
48, REASONING Determine the range of f(x) = (x — 5)? —6.
48, CHALLENGE Write and graph a quadratic equation whose graph has the
axis of symmetry x= —3, Summarize the steps that you (ook to determine
the equation.
50, Whiting in Math Use the information about a rocket’s path on page 471
to explain how a fireworks display can be coordinated with recorded music.
Include an explanation of how to determine when the rocket will explode
= and how to find the height of the rocket when it explodes.
Tee ees
51. In the graph of the function y= x7—3, | 52, REVIEW The costs of two packs of
which describes the shift in the vertex Brand A gum and two packs of Brand
of the parabola if in the function, ~3 is B gum are shown in the table. What
changed to 1? percent of the cost of Brand B gum
camits does James save by buying two packs
A 2units up of Brand A gum?
B 4units up
Gam [tant of Two Paks
© 2units down an he
D 4units down Brand 3250
F 116% H 263%
G 208% J 79.2%
‘Spiral Review.
Factor each polynomial, if possible. (lesons5and86) ¥
53. x? + 6x —9 54. a? + 22a + 121 55. dm? — 4m +1
56. 4g? 9 57. 2a? — 25 58. 1— 16s?
Find each sum or difference. (Lesson 75)
59, (13x + 9y) + lly 60. (8 — 2c2) + (1 +02) 61. (7p? -p —7) - (7 +11)
62, RECREATION At a recreation facility, 3 members and 3 nonmembers pay
a total of $180 to take an aerobics class. A group of 5 members and
3 nonmembers pay $210 to take the same class. How much does it
cost each to take an aerobics class? (leson53)
PREREQUISITE SKILL Find the x-intercept of the graph of each equation. (:son33)
Sy=14 65, -2x —4y=7
63. 3x 4 4y = 24 64, 2x
Lesson 9-1 Graphing Quadratic Functions. 477 478
EXTEND’
9-1
The Family of
Quadratic Functions
sates st i ate beste
The parent function of the family of quadratic functions is y
ere
a y= x2,y = 2x4, y= 4x?
Each graph opens upward and has its
vertex at the origin, The graphs of
y = 2x? and y = 4x? are narrower than
the graph of y = x2.
1A,
Each graph opens upward andl has
the same shape as y = x°. However,
each parabola has a different vertex,
located along the y-axis.
Chapter 9 Quadratic and Exponential Functions
COncepts in MOtion
Animation caalgebraicom
Graph each group of equations on the same screen. Use the standard
viewing window. Compare and contrast the graphs.
kevstrones:, Review graphing equations on pages 162 and 163.
= 05x, y = 0.27
We
by=
Each graph opens upward and has
a vertex a the origin, The graphs of
\5x? and y = 0.2x? are wider than
the graph of y= 27,
‘How does the value of a in y = ax? affect the shape of the graph?
(x= 3), y= (x +2),
Each graph opens upward and has
the same shape as y = x?. However,
each parabola has a different vertex
located along the x-axis.
1B. How does the value of the constant affect the position of the graph?
IC, How is the location of the vertex related to the equation of the graph?
EE 00 cscs casei tases ‘Suppose you graph the same equation using different windows. How will
the appearance of the graph change?
ee
Graph y = x? — 7 in each viewing window. What conclusions can you draw
about the appearance of a graph in the window used?
b. [-10, 10] scl: 1 by [~200, 200] scl: 50
a, standard viewing window
[-50, 50] sel: 5 by [-10, 10] sel: 1 4d, [-0.5, 0.5] sel: 0.1 by [-10, 10] sel: 1
Without knowing the window, graph b might be of the family y = ax”, where
0 1. Graph d looks
more like a line. However, all are graphs of the same equation.
EXERCISES
Graph each family of equations on the same screen. Compare and contrast
the graphs.
Ly=-x? —2 ay
y= 3x2 (r+ 5)?
y= 62 ea?
Use the graphs on page 478 and Exercises 1-4 above to predict the appearance
of the graph of each equation. Then draw the graph.
5. y= —0.1x? 6 y=(x+1)? Ly=4r
Describe how each change in
consider all values of a, h, and k.
x? would affect the graph of y = x2, Be sure to
9 y=ax? 10. y= (x +h)? MW yax?+k Dy =the +k
Extend 9-1 Graphing Calculator Lab: The Family of Quadratic Functions 479 Main Idea
+ Solve quadratic
equations by
sraphing.
+ state Slutions of
quadratic equations
by sophing.
standard 210
Students graph
quadratic functions
and kao that ther rots
are the inereeps.
Standard 22.0 Students
‘se the quadratic formula
or factoring techniques or
both te determin whether
the graph of quadratic
‘uncon wil intersect the
_eaais in zero, one or we
pits
New Vocabulary
quadratic equation
roots
eros
double root
COncepts In MOtion
Animation Solve n* + 6n + 7 = 0 by graphing. If integral roots cannot be found,
estimate the roots by stating the consecutive integers between which
the roots lie
Graph the related function f(t) = n? + 6n +7.
ae Notice that the
s | valu ofthe
=a function changes 5
continuous, there must from negative to in) = nix 6+ 7
be a zero between 3 [2 positive between
eves when thet = fot the n values of
function values ave a =5 and ~4 and
opposite signs si | 3 between 2 and
el? =
The n-intercepts are between —5 and —4 and between —2 and —1. So, one
root is between —5 and —4, and the other root is between —2 and —1
ort
5. Solve 2a” + 6a — 3 = 0 by graphing. If integral roots cannot be found,
estimate the roots by stating the consecutive integers between which
the roots lie.
) EY Personal Tutor at ca.algebral.com
482. Chapter 9 Quadratic and Exponential Functions aN 28s
@ SOCCER If a goalie kicks a soccer ball with an upward velocity of
65 feet per second and his foot meets the ball 3 feet off the ground,
the function y = —16t? + 65t + 3 represents the height of the ball y in
feet after t seconds. Approximately how long is the ball in the air?
You need to find the solution of the equation
Q revrwora tink 0 = ~16t? + 65¢ + 3. Use a graphing calculator
The game of socer to graph the related function y = —161? + 651 + 3.
SS The x-intercept is about 4. Therefore, the ball is in
North Ameria, Began the air about 4 seconds,
in 1857 in Britain.
is played on every Somme
continent ofthe wo peter arenes
. NUMBER THEORY Use a quadratic equation [2 7/801 by{-20.80l sc: 10
Sure:
wercabuom to find two numbers whose sum is 5 and whose product is ~24.
Toone
Examples 1-3 Solve each equation by graphing.
(P.480-48) 4. x2 ee 6=0 3.24350
Example 4 Use factoring to determine how many times the graph of each function
(0.482) intersects the x-axis. Identify each root.
4 fix) =x? + 2-24 5. flx) + 14x +49
Example 5 Solve each equation by graphing. If integral roots cannot be found, estimate
(©.482) the roots by stating the consecutive integers between which the roots lie.
6 -P—5t+1=0 7. 0=x°-16 8 w>—3w=5
Example 6 9. NUMBER THEORY Two numbers have a sum of 4 and a product of —12. Use
(©.483) a quadratic equation to determine the two numbers
rey
Co Solve each equation by graphing,
10. c?—5c-24=0 W. 5
ri
2n+6=0 12, 0=1x7 + 6x49
—b+4b=4 V4. x? 42x+5=0 15, -2r? — 6r =0
16. The roots of a quadratic equation are ~2 and —6. The minimum point of the
graph of its related function is at (—1, ~2). Sketch the graph of the function and
compare the graph to the graph of the parent function y = x?,
17. The roots of a quadratic equation are ~6 and 0. The maximum point of the
graph of its related function is at (~3, 4). Sketch the graph of the function
and compare the graph to the graph of the parent function y = x?
Use factoring to determine how many times the graph of each function
intersects the x-axis. Identify each root.
8x +16 19. h(x) = x2 + 12x +32
4rd 2. g(x) =x? + 3x44
Lesson 9-2 Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing 483 (1S ofthe surface
areas ofthe
planets can be modeled
by 2 quadratic equation
Visit ealgebatcom
te continue work
‘on your projet
Select Gu a
HOLT. Problems.
Solve each equation by graphing. If integral roots cannot be found, estimate
the roots by stating the consecutive integers between which the roots lie.
22, a? —12=0 23,
