Basic Electrical Engineering (2019 Course)(Lab Manual)

Experiment No:
Date of Performance: / / Timely Completion: /10
Date of Assessment: / / Understanding: /10
Presentation: /10
Signature of Faculty:
Total: /30
Title: Single Phase Transformer.
Aim: To determine efficiency and regulation of the transformer by direct loading of a single-
phase transformer
Prerequisite:
(1) Electromagnetic induction
(2) Construction of single-phase transformer
(3) Voltage and a current ratio of transformer
Learning outcomes: At the end of this experiment student will be able to
(1) Find voltage and current ratio.
(2) Calculate the efficiency of 1 phase transformer at various load condition.
(3) Determine the maximum efficiency point and the load at which it occurs.
(4) Calculate the voltage regulation of the 1 phase transformer at different load conditions.
Theory:
(A) Transformer: regulation and efficiency:
The transformer is a static device which transforms electric power from one ac circuit to
another ac circuit individually. It works on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Direct
loading method is used for testing a transformer. In this method, the transformer is loaded to
its full and the efficiency i.e. output power/input power and the voltage regulation are known.
Voltage Regulationis defined as the change in the voltage across the load from no load
tofull load condition in terms of Full load voltage. At no-load condition full secondary rated
voltage is available across theload but as the load goes on increasing the voltage drop goes on
increasing which reduces the voltage across the load.
The graph of regulation Vs load is a straight line.
−
% % = ×
Efficiency:The efficiency of the transformer is defined as the ratio output powerat
secondary to input power at primary terminals
% % = ×
(B) Direct loading method:
Now basically we're talking about knowing the performance of the transformer, i.e, we're trying
to find its efficiency. Finding efficiency is done by two methods, (i) Direct (ii) Indirect
In direct loading method, the transformer is directly connected to the load to find input and
output by metering equipment.
Advantages:
 Simple process,
 no much calculations needed,
 Simple setup

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Basic Electrical Engineering (2019 Course)(Lab Manual)

Disadvantages:
 It's not economical to do this test on large rating machines as; just for the sake of the
test, you can't waste a large amount of energy.
 You can't get information about the share of different types of losses
 It's a difficult task arrange different kinds for the load (R,L,C) from no load to full load to
study performance at different situations.

Apparatus:

Sr. Name of equipment/

Specifications
No. instrument
1. 1 Ph Transformer – 1 No.

2. Ammeter – 1 No.

3. Ammeter – 1 No.

4. Voltmeter – 1 No.

5. Voltmeter – 1 No.

6. Wattmeter – 2 No.

7. 1 Ph Variac – 1 No.

8. Lamp Load (Resistive)

.
Procedure:
1) Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2) Switch ON the supply and apply the rated voltage to the primary side of the transformer
and keep this voltage constant throughout the experiment.
3) Takedown the readings of ammeter, voltmeter, and wattmeter i.e.I1,I2,V1,V2,W1 & W2
respectively connected in the primary and secondary circuit at no-load conditions.
4) Increase the load gradually and take down the reading of the entire meter.
5) Take 5 to 6 readings up to full load condition of the transformer.
6) Adjust primary voltage to 115V at each reading.

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Basic Electrical Engineering (2019 Course)
Course)(Lab Manual)

Circuit Diagram:

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Basic Electrical Engineering (2019 Course)(Lab Manual)

Observation Table:
Voltage at no load condition = V2’ = VNL = ………………………. V

Sr. Primary Primary Wattmeter Secondary Secondary Wattmeter

No. voltage current reading voltage current reading
V1 (volt) I1 (amp) W1 (watt) * MF V2 (volt) I2 (amp) W2 (watt)*MF
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Sample Calculation:
Sr. Voltage Current % Regulation % Efficiency
No. Ratio Ratio ′ −
× 100 × 100

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

.
Graph Paper:
Draw Graph Load current I2 Vs. Regulation and Load current I2 Vs. efficiency
Conclusion:
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Basic Electrical Engineering (2019 Course)(Lab Manual)

LAB ASSIGNMENT

Multiple Choice Question

Q1) Transformation ratio (K) of transformer is _________

 N2/N1  V1/V2 /0.5M
 E1/E2  I2/I1

Q2) EMF equation for single phase transformer is

 E = 1.11 m f N  E = 4.44 Bm A f N /1M
 E = 1.11 Bm A f N  E = 4.44 m f N

Q3)Efficiency of transformer normally in the range of

 50 to 70%  80 to 90% /0.5M
 60 to 75%  90 to 98%

Theory Question

Q5) What are the other tests are used to determine the efficiency and regulation of the
transformer? Give the advantages of the same. /1M

Q6) Enlist the different losses taking place in the transformer /1M

Q7) A 500 KVA transformer has an iron loss of 2 kW & full load copper losses of 5
kW. Calculate the efficiency at 75% of full load and unity power factor. /1M

Q8) A 100 kVA, 50 Hz, 440 V/11,000 V single-phase transformer has an efficiency of
98.5% when supplying full – load current at 0.8 power factor and an efficiency of 99%,
when supplying half-full – load current at unity power factor Find the iron losses and
the copper losses corresponding to full – load current. /1M

Q9) Enlist the application of transformer according to its constructions. Collect the
product information sheet of a transformer manufacturing company /1M

Q10) As per IS1180 efficiency Level 2 and 3 , list out total losses at 50% and 100%
load of 630kVA 11kV/0.433kV Distribution transformer ? /1M

Q11) Explain advantages of dry type transformer over oil cooled transformer? /1M

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