FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING BULLETS (NLE & NCLEX)

insulin, the nurse should draw the regular insulin into the syringe first so that it does not contaminate
the regular insulin.

ds heard on lung auscultation. They are more pronounced during

expiration than during inspiration.

rced feeding, usually through a gastric tube (a tube passed into the stomach through the
mouth).

physiologic needs (air, water, food, shelter, sex, activity,

and comfort) have the highest priority.

and surest way to verify a patient’s identity is to check the identification band on his wrist.

t’s safety is the primary concern.

e system is working properly.

-Blakemore tube in semi-Fowler position.

n elicit Trousseau’s sign by occluding the brachial or radial artery. Hand and finger spasms
that occur during occlusion indicate Trousseau’s sign and suggest hypocalcemia.
 Intractable pain is pain that incapacitates a patient and can’t be relieved by drugs.

for treatment can be obtained by fax, telephone, or other telegraphic

means.

t is required for any invasive procedure.

make an X in the presence of

two witnesses, such as a nurse, priest, or physician.

-track I.M. injection technique seals the drug deep into the muscle, thereby minimizing skin
irritation and staining. It requires a needle that’s 1" (2.5 cm) or longer.

ient. (A) Activate the

alarm. (C) Attempt to contain the fire by closing the door. (E) Extinguish the fire if it can be done safely.

licensed vocational nurse or licensed practical nurse to perform

bedside care, such as suctioning and drug administration.

distention.

uses a cane should carry it on the unaffected side and advance it at the same time as
the affected extremity.

cm) to that measurement.

 begins with the nurse’s first encounter with the patient and continues throughout the
patient’s stay. The nurse obtains assessment data through the health history, physical examination, and
review of diagnostic studies.

insulin injection is 25G and 5/8" long.

e bladder after voiding. The amount of residual urine is

normally 50 to 100 ml.

ementation,
and evaluation.

h the nurse continuously collects data to identify

a patient’s actual and potential health needs.

se makes a clinical judgment

about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems or life
processes.

defines short-term and long-term goals and expected outcomes, and establishes the nursing care plan.

action, delegates specific nursing interventions to members of the nursing team, and charts patient
responses to nursing interventions.

on is the stage of the nursing process in which the nurse compares objective and subjective
data with the outcome criteria and, if needed, modifies the nursing care plan.
the location of the pain.

he nurse should ask the patient to cover each eye separately and to read the eye
chart with glasses and without, as appropriate.

should position the patient on the side.

24.4° C).

0% to 60%.

removed after routine contact with a patient, hands should be washed for 10 to 15 seconds.

a woman in the dorsal recumbent position.

number of milligrams per 100 milliliters of a solution.

phase).

measured when the patient is awake and resting, hasn’t eaten for 14 to 18 hours, and is in a
comfortable, warm environment.

es bulk, maintains intestinal motility,

and helps to establish regular bowel habits.

lungs.

the skin and mucous membranes as a

result of intradermal or submucosal hemorrhage.

andard precautions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention, the nurse shouldn’t recap needles after use. Most needle sticks result from missed needle
recapping.

e to deliver the dose directly

into a vein, I.V. tubing, or a catheter.
new ones are applied.

on a tracheostomy tube.

ransfusions.

-point (quad) cane is indicated when a patient needs more stability than a regular cane can
provide.

ek medical help?”

ould follow standard precautions for handling blood and

body fluids.

-point, or alternating, gait, the patient first moves the right crutch followed by the left foot
and then the left crutch followed by the right foot.

-point gait, the patient moves two crutches and the affected leg simultaneously and then
moves the unaffected leg.

-point gait, the patient moves the right leg and the left crutch simultaneously and then
moves the left leg and the right crutch simultaneously.

-soluble vitamins that are essential for metabolism, include thiamine

(B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), and cyanocobalamin (B12).
 sn’t smoked or
consumed hot or cold substances in the previous 15 minutes.

he nurse shouldn’t take an adult’s temperature rectally if the patient has a cardiac disorder, anal
lesions, or bleeding hemorrhoids or has recently undergone rectal surgery.

In a patient who has a cardiac disorder, measuring temperature rectally may stimulate a vagal
response and lead to vasodilation and decreased cardiac output.

,
bounding pulse (readily palpable and forceful); +2, normal pulse (easily palpable); +1, thready or weak
pulse (difficult to detect); and 0, absent pulse (not detectable).

room bed and ends

when the patient is admitted to the postanesthesia care unit.

that the patient hasn’t taken anything by mouth since midnight, has taken a shower with antimicrobial
soap, has had mouth care (without swallowing the water), has removed common jewelry, and has
received preoperative medication as prescribed; and that vital signs have been taken and recorded.
Artificial limbs and other prostheses are usually removed.

bbing the patient’s back, and providing a restful

environment, may decrease the patient’s need for analgesics or may enhance their effectiveness.

eric name, which is used in official publications; trade, or brand, name

(such as Tylenol), which is selected by the drug company; and chemical name, which describes the
drug’s chemical composition.
 liquid iron preparation through a straw.

-track method to administer an I.M. injection of iron dextran (Imferon).

skin.

, light coma, and deep

coma.

patient’s legs and inserts a pillow between them, if needed; places a draw sheet under the patient; and
turns the patient by slowly and gently pulling on the draw sheet.

-pitched sounds, such as breath sounds.

essure (5 to 10 mm Hg) between the right and the left arms is normal.

should place the blood pressure cuff 1" (2.5 cm) above the antecubital fossa.

then
apply the ointment from the inner canthus to the outer canthus.

should use a leg cuff to measure blood pressure in an obese patient.

 ooping of the eyelid.

jury, orthostatic hypotension, or brain damage

because it can move the patient gradually from a horizontal to a vertical (upright) position.

he least injury to the vessel, the nurse should turn the bevel upward
when the vessel’s lumen is larger than the needle and turn it downward when the lumen is only slightly
larger than the needle.

he nurse should follow these steps: Move the

patient’s head and shoulders toward the edge of the bed. Move the patient’s feet and legs to the edge
of the bed (crescent position). Place both arms well under the patient’s hips, and straighten the back
while moving the patient toward the edge of the bed.

, a patient should wear shoes.

mattress or side rails.

a mist tent should never become so dense that it obscures clear visualization of the
patient’s respiratory pattern.

site with alcohol. Stretch the skin taut or pick up a well-defined skin fold. Hold the shaft of the needle in
a dart position. Insert the needle into the skin at a right (90-degree) angle. Firmly depress the plunger,
but don’t aspirate. Leave the needle in place for 10 seconds. Withdraw the needle gently at the angle of
insertion. Apply pressure to the injection site with an alcohol pad.
 copy, the nurse should place the patient in the knee-chest position or Sims’ position,
depending on the physician’s preference.

rest, and comfort), safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem and recognition, and self-
actualization.

-soluble lubricant
to the nostril to prevent soreness.

uring gastric lavage, a nasogastric tube is inserted, the stomach is flushed, and ingested substances
are removed through the tube.

consistency of the drainage (for example, “10 mm of brown mucoid drainage noted on dressing”).

object, such as a thumbnail.

on of the great toe and fanning out of the other toes.

abdomen for a rounded mass above the symphysis pubis.

o reposition the bedridden patient at least every 2 hours.

formation.
 tal veins in the
antecubital space.

contents to verify that gastric emptying is adequate.

People with type AB blood are considered universal recipients.

required if it exceeds 104 dB.

laboratory request.

pressure and the color of the

cerebrospinal fluid.

used to help to obtain a sample.

e eyedrops should be instilled first.

pathogens are on the mask.

tive means of
traction.

minutes before use. Delivery of a chilled solution can cause pain, hypothermia, venous spasm, and
venous constriction.

t routinely injected intramuscularly into edematous tissue because they may not be
absorbed.

voice.

with a washcloth.

without refrigeration.

he autonomic nervous system regulates the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

tube. When withdrawing the catheter, the nurse should apply intermittent suction for no more than 15
seconds and use a slight twisting motion.

-residue diet includes such foods as roasted chicken, rice, and pasta.

ucosa
and cause loss of sphincter control.

perineum.

leg
muscles.

-fat
evening meal.

promote warmth and prevent exposure.

inevitable.

(black), spinach (green), and meat protein (dark brown).

-ray, the patient should remove all jewelry and dentures.

-or-flight response is a sympathetic nervous system response.

 rmal and suggest pneumonia.

-pitched breath sound that’s accentuated on expiration.

ation with warm saline solution.

hearing aid is “not working,” the nurse should check the switch first to
see if it’s turned on and then check the batteries.

es as +4.

-daily instillation, they should be administered 5

minutes apart.

s of care established by the American Nurses

Association, state regulations, and facility policy.

raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1° C.

s nutrients move through the body, they undergo ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, cell
metabolism, and excretion.
 percentage of alcohol multiplied by 2. For example, a 100-
proof beverage contains 50% alcohol.

treatment. These decisions are based on the patient’s wishes and views on quality of life.

eral heparin lock every 8 hours (if it wasn’t used during the previous 8
hours) and as needed with normal saline solution to maintain patency.

standards.

administration, and right time.

enabled the patient to meet the desired goals.

used to relieve acute anginal attacks.

ent’s response to the

nursing plan, putting the nursing plan into action, delegating specific nursing interventions, and
coordinating the patient’s activities.

ilities of the
hospital and its staff toward patients and their families during hospitalization.
 , the nurse should record information as soon as it’s
gathered.

e nurse should record the current illness chronologically,

beginning with the onset of the problem and continuing to the present.

ing a patient’s health history, the nurse should record the current illness chronologically,
beginning with the onset of the problem and continuing to the present.

cation, a patient isn’t competent to sign an informed consent form.

weight of her body instead of the strength in her arms.

patient, but must

refer questions about informed consent to the physician.

om an acutely ill or agitated patient, the nurse should limit

questions to those that provide necessary information.

umb to take a patient’s pulse rate because the thumb has a pulse that
may be confused with the patient’s pulse.

inspiration and an expiration count as one respiration.

 should rest the arm against a surface. Using muscle
strength to hold up the arm may raise the blood pressure.

r, unalterable risk factors for coronary artery disease include heredity, sex, race, and age.

sessment technique.

-term care facility should transfer some personal items

(such as photographs, a favorite chair, and knickknacks) to the person’s room to provide a comfortable
atmosphere.

s is a regular pulse rhythm with alternating weak and strong beats. It occurs in
ventricular enlargement because the stroke volume varies with each heartbeat.

, and
mastication.

ene
and sternocleidomastoid muscle use during respiration.

e weight.

ly.

swing phase, in which the patient’s foot moves forward.

 ould follow standard precautions in the routine care of all patients.

nous hums and cardiac murmurs.

of the United States?”

ng cold
application, the pack is applied for 20 minutes and then removed for 10 to 15 minutes to prevent reflex
dilation (rebound phenomenon) and frostbite injury.

ts) and
gray matter (reflex centers).

frame for achievement, and conditions under which the behavior will occur. It’s developed in
collaboration with the patient.

puffed out cheek), hyperresonance (very loud, as heard over an emphysematous lung), resonance (loud,
as heard over a normal lung), dullness (medium intensity, as heard over the liver or other solid organ),
and flatness (soft, as heard over the thigh).

ary disability is caused by a pathologic process. A secondary disability is caused by inactivity.

during surgery.

6 are liver, kidney, pork, soybeans, corn, and whole-grain cereals.

-rich foods, such as organ meats, nuts, legumes, dried fruit, green leafy vegetables, eggs, and
whole grains, commonly have a low water content.

tion and decision making between nurses and physicians. It’s

designed to meet patients’ needs by integrating the care regimens of both professions into one
comprehensive approach.

iagnosis is a statement of a patient’s actual or potential health problem that can be

resolved, diminished, or otherwise changed by nursing interventions.

hree types of
data: health history, physical examination, and laboratory and diagnostic test data.

patient.

tive data obtained by inspection, palpation, percussion, and

auscultation.
sign each entry. The nurse should never destroy or attempt to obliterate documentation or leave vacant
lines.

cycle, and pregnancy.

artery.
To take the pulse rate, the artery is compressed against the radius.

than in men and much faster in children than in adults.

test results are an objective form of assessment data.

apothecaries’ system, and household system.

w whether other treatment options

are available and should understand what will occur during the preoperative, intraoperative, and
postoperative phases; the risks involved; and the possible complications. The patient should also have a
general idea of the time required from surgery to recovery. In addition, he should have an opportunity
to ask questions.

ds against body surfaces to

produce sounds. This procedure is done to determine the size, shape, position, and density of underlying
organs and tissues; elicit tenderness; or assess reflexes.
 epetitive bouncing of tissues against the
hand and feeling their rebound.

inen off the patient’s feet to prevent skin irritation and breakdown, especially
in a patient who has peripheral vascular disease or neuropathy.

tube. It’s used to treat poisoning or drug overdose.

therapy.

- or limb-threatening vascular disease.

the right eye, and O.S. is the left eye.

m saline solution to clean an artificial eye.

llary temperature is usually 1° F lower than oral temperature.

consistency, and
odor of secretions.
 uld be administered after meals.

presence of clots or sediment.

of the urine and the

presence of clots or sediment.

-determination vary from state to state. Therefore, the nurse must be

familiar with the laws of the state in which she works.

e smaller the gauge, the larger the diameter.

turned, and the findings of skin assessment.

bbreviation for normal pupil assessment findings: pupils equal, round, and reactive to
light with accommodation.

should assess its rate, rhythm, quality, and strength.

a bed to a wheelchair, the nurse should push the wheelchair’s

footrests to the sides and lock its wheels.
 their rate, rhythm, depth, and quality.

e a 5/8" 25G needle.

who he is), place (knows where he is), and time (knows the date and time).

ding foods that are liquid at room temperature,

such as gelatin, custard, and ice cream; I.V. fluids; and fluids administered in feeding tubes. Fluid output
includes urine, vomitus, and drainage (such as from a nasogastric tube or from a wound) as well as
blood loss, diarrhea or feces, and perspiration.

can irritate the site and interfere with results.

se should hold the syringe almost flat against the

patient’s skin (at about a 15-degree angle), with the bevel up.

above the disappearance of the radial pulse before releasing the cuff pressure.

of vomitus.

achieved when body parts are in proper relation to their natural position.
 -patient relationship.

e of blood on the arterial walls.

fessional’s wrongful conduct, improper discharge of duties, or failure to meet

standards of care that causes harm to another.

ver, in most states, they may

refuse to participate in abortions.

reasonable and prudent person would perform or because the nurse performed an act that a reasonable
and prudent person wouldn’t perform.

States have enacted Good Samaritan laws to encourage professionals to provide medical assistance at
the scene of an accident without fear of a lawsuit arising from the assistance. These laws don’t apply to
care provided in a health care facility.

sician should sign verbal and telephone orders within the time established by facility policy,
usually 24 hours.

e individual should
be fully informed of the consequences of his refusal.

belong to the patient.

sed to a third party, the patient or the patient’s legal

guardian must give written consent.
pharmacy must be accounted for, whether the dose was administered to a patient or discarded
accidentally.

erform duties that violate a rule or regulation established by a state licensing board,
even if they are authorized by a health care facility or physician.

nt interview, the nurse should select a private room,

preferably one with a door that can be closed.

-threatening problems first, followed by

potentially life-threatening concerns.

atient goals) and nursing

interventions.

nurse normally finds the point of maximal impulse at the fifth

intercostal space, near the apex.

p flap away from the body, open

each side flap by touching only the outer part of the wrapper, and open the final flap by grasping the
turned-down corner and pulling it toward the body.
 cotton-tipped applicator because it
may force cerumen against the tympanic membrane.

the health care facility and has left the premises.

led Substances Act designated five categories, or schedules, that classify controlled drugs
according to their abuse potential.

use in the United States.

ol), have a high abuse potential,

but currently have accepted medical uses. Their use may lead to physical or psychological dependence.

bital (Butisol), have a lower abuse potential than

Schedule I or II drugs. Abuse of Schedule III drugs may lead to moderate or low physical or psychological
dependence, or both.

ared with Schedule III

drugs.

ps that contain codeine, have the lowest abuse potential of the

controlled substances.

-care and to
interact with society.

s of gaze evaluates the function of all extraocular muscles and cranial

nerves III, IV, and VI.
stethoscope slightly raised from the chest.

mportant goal to include in a care plan is the patient’s goal.

w in protein, and should be omitted from a low-residue diet.

greatly
among individuals.

t for family viewing, arranging

transportation to the morgue or funeral home, and determining the disposition of belongings.

answers to the patient’s questions.

n caring for an infant, a child, or a confused patient, consistency in nursing personnel is

paramount.

hich are stored in the pituitary gland.

cord are the dura mater, pia mater, and

arachnoid.

postoperatively.
 ptions for drugs.

syringe to administer a subcutaneous injection of less than 1 ml.

patients, they require a 25G to 27G ½" needle.

he nurse should identify the patient by checking the identification band

and asking the patient to state his name.

the site outward in a circular motion.

e at a 90-degree angle (perpendicular to

the skin) to prevent skin irritation.

prepare another syringe, and repeat the procedure.

’t cut the patient’s hair without written consent from the patient or an appropriate
relative.

stops. If
bruising occurs, the nurse should monitor the site for an enlarging hematoma.
toward the head.

the length and texture of the hair, the duration of

hospitalization, and the patient’s condition.

cleaning of the ear piece to prevent wax buildup, and prompt replacement of dead batteries.

ith a blue dot is for the left ear; the one with a red dot is for the right
ear.

should instruct the patient to avoid using hair spray while wearing a hearing aid.

toxicology, and pharmacognosy.

very 8 hours to inspect the foot for signs of skin

breakdown.

granulation).
 ion) is closure of the wound when granulation
tissue fills the defect and allows reepithelialization to occur, beginning at the wound edges and
continuing to the center, until the entire wound is covered.

at’s characterized by overgrowth of scar tissue at the

wound site.

the buttocks in the adult or in the midlateral thigh in the child. The nurse shouldn’t massage the
injection site.

the patient with scrotal edema caused

by vasectomy, epididymitis, or orchitis.

-gauge
needle and apply pressure to the site for 5 minutes after the injection.

of the blood and are essential for

coagulation.

inserts the tube. When the nurse feels the tube curving at the pharynx, the nurse should tell the patient
to tilt the head forward to close the trachea and open the esophagus by swallowing. (Sips of water can
facilitate this action.)

t their four most important needs are to

have their questions answered honestly, to be assured that the best possible care is being provided, to
know the patient’s prognosis, and to feel that there is hope of recovery.
 -bind communication occurs when the verbal message contradicts the nonverbal message and
the receiver is unsure of which message to respond to.

the patient.

e that the patient finds most distressing.

avoid acidic foods such as coffee, citrus fruits, and cola.

ng diagnosis; for every nursing diagnosis, there is a goal; and

for every goal, there are interventions designed to make the goal a reality. The keys to answering
examination questions correctly are identifying the problem presented, formulating a goal for the
problem, and selecting the intervention from the choices provided that will enable the patient to reach
that goal.

patient.

ection against the patient’s will and without legal authority is battery.

-party payer is an insurance company.

infused × drip factor) ÷ time in minutes = drops/minute

-call medication should be given within 5 minutes of the call.

 ’t part of a patient’s record, but is an in-house
document that’s used for the purpose of correcting the problem.

d be used: Problems associated with

the airway, those concerning breathing, and those related to circulation.

airway clearance and Ineffective breathing pattern.

has been effective is the patient’s expression of decreased pain or

discomfort.

“bored,” that he has “nothing to do,” or words to that effect.

most appropriate nursing diagnosis for an individual who doesn’t speak English is Impaired verbal
communication related to inability to speak dominant language (English).

diagnosed as hearing impaired should be instructed to face the

individual when they speak to him.

down and back to straighten the eustachian tube.

and instill the drug in the lower conjunctival sac.

 e medication tube to detach the ointment.

are likely to contain pathogens.

side to form a tripod

arrangement.

istening is the most effective communication technique.

and willingness to learn.

f evaluating one’s communication effectiveness.

-carbohydrate foods because of the risk of

glucose intolerance.

sive range of motion maintains joint mobility. Resistive exercises increase muscle mass.

-control theory of pain.

 terile field becomes unsterile when
it comes in contact with any unsterile item; a sterile field must be monitored continuously; and a border
of 1" (2.5 cm) around a sterile field is considered unsterile.

of immature cells (bands) in the blood increases to

fight an infection.

advanced liver disease and pernicious anemia.

ive medication, the nurse should ensure that an informed consent

form has been signed and attached to the patient’s record.

-hour shift providing care to a patient who has a

radiation implant.

shouldn’t be assigned to care for more than one patient who has a radiation implant.

-handled forceps and a lead-lined container should be available in the room of a patient who has
a radiation implant.

ion and are in strict isolation can share a room.

as Marburg disease.

he patient who abides by Jewish custom, milk and meat shouldn’t be served at the same meal.
of the effectiveness of patient teaching than whether the patient can simply state the steps involved in
the procedure (cognitive domain of learning).

autonomy versus shame and doubt (18 months to age 3), initiative versus guilt (ages 3 to 5), industry
versus inferiority (ages 5 to 12), identity versus identity diffusion (ages 12 to 18), intimacy versus
isolation (ages 18 to 25), generativity versus stagnation (ages 25 to 60), and ego integrity versus despair
(older than age 60).

nurse should face him.

disease is to help him to mobilize a support system.

ilk is high in sodium and low in iron.

-related issue, before addressing the concern, the

nurse should assess the patient’s level of knowledge.

n antipyretic, which lowers the temperature

set point.

health needs.
 thers’.

patient and the interpreter.

-cold” system used by some Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and other Hispanic
and Latino groups, most foods, beverages, herbs, and drugs are described as “cold.”

l treatment of individuals of a particular group. It’s usually discussed in a

negative sense.

ination.

rientation phase of the therapeutic

relationship.

percussion.

ring blood pressure in a neonate, the nurse should select a cuff that’s no less than one-
half and no more than two-thirds the length of the extremity that’s used.

-track, the nurse shouldn’t use the same needle that was used to draw
the drug into the syringe because doing so could stain the skin.
 ites for intradermal injection include the inner arm, the upper chest, and on the back, under the
scapula.

the action that’s described promotes autonomy (independence), safety, self-esteem, and a sense of
belonging.

tion on the NCLEX examination, the student should consider the cue (the
stimulus for a thought) and the inference (the thought) to determine whether the inference is correct.
When in doubt, the nurse should select an answer that indicates the need for further information to
eliminate ambiguity. For example, the patient complains of chest pain (the stimulus for the thought) and
the nurse infers that the patient is having cardiac pain (the thought). In this case, the nurse hasn’t
confirmed whether the pain is cardiac. It would be more appropriate to make further assessments.

provider and his patient.

good. There’s an obligation in patient care to

do no harm and an equal obligation to assist the patient.

ade provides a framework for prioritizing care by identifying the most important
treatment concerns.

fluid from an upper respiratory infection, and edema from trauma or an allergic reaction.
 erything that affects the breathing pattern, including
hyperventilation or hypoventilation and abnormal breathing patterns, such as Korsakoff’s, Biot’s, or
Cheyne-Stokes respiration.

circulation, including fluid and

electrolyte disturbances and disease processes that affect cardiac output.

he airway, breathing, or circulation, then

the nurse should evaluate the disease processes, giving priority to the disease process that poses the
greatest immediate risk. For example, if a patient has terminal cancer and hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia
is a more immediate concern.

iting an incident report and completing the

patient chart. When evaluating needs, this category is never the highest priority.

mination, the basic rule is “assess before action.” The

student should evaluate each possible answer carefully. Usually, several answers reflect the
implementation phase of nursing and one or two reflect the assessment phase. In this case, the best
choice is an assessment response unless a specific course of action is clearly indicated.

that equal access to goods and services must be provided to the less
fortunate by an affluent society.
 ng the therapy that’s sustaining life.

third-party payer is an insurance company.

and cost-effective.

rienced an out-of-the-ordinary event that shaped their

values.

fish, nuts, and grains.

shrimp, scallops, spinach, beets, and greens are good sources of iron.

charged, the nurse should

respond to the emotion behind the statement or question rather than to what’s being said or asked.

-nursing model are as follows:

– Step 1: Identifying the trajectory phase

– Step 2: Identifying the problems and establishing goals

– Step 3: Establishing a plan to meet the goals

– Step 4: Identifying factors that facilitate or hinder attainment of the goals

– Step 5: Implementing interventions

– Step 6: Evaluating the effectiveness of the interventions

egetarian diet.

ed pain is pain that’s felt at a site other than its origin.

ating pain by performing a back massage is consistent with the gate control theory.

nt isn’t distracted by daily activities.

n’t report pain because of fear of treatment, lifestyle changes, or

dependency.

– Help individuals of all ages to increase the quality of life and the number of years of optimal health

– Eliminate health disparities among different segments of the population.

program at a local park.

following his treatment plan, the nurse should first ask why.

in elderly people.

cessation.

is early detection. Examples include purified protein derivative (PPD), breast

self-examination, testicular self-examination, and chest X-ray.

-term complications.

o terms with having a chronic disease when he says, “I’m never

going to get any better.”

religious artifacts and literature on a patient’s night stand, a culturally aware nurse would
ask the patient the meaning of the items.

ient may request the intervention of a curandero, or faith healer, who involves the
family in healing the patient.

in.
 the small intestine.

hours?”

ld include an abundant supply of fiber.

-morning urine provides the best sample to measure glucose, ketone, pH, and specific gravity
values.

the first step is to minimize environmental stimuli.

understand instructions as well as the amount of strength required to move the patient.

b (0.5 kg) in 1 week, the patient must decrease his weekly intake by 3,500 calories
(approximately 500 calories daily). To lose 2 lb (1 kg) in 1 week, the patient must decrease his weekly
caloric intake by 7,000 calories (approximately 1,000 calories daily).

atient who is completely immobile is lifted on a sheet.

swallow.
 ion.

pain accurately.

-controlled analgesia is a safe method to relieve acute pain caused by surgical incision,
traumatic injury, labor and delivery, or cancer.

communicating.

ely to expect a drug,

treatment, or surgery to cure illness.

-aged and very old people.

treatment decisions.

hospitalization.

-effective health care for low-income families and those who have
no health insurance.

the promotion of collaboration, development, and interdependence among members of

a profession.
within an established entity, such as a hospital.

ients’ bill of rights was introduced by the American Hospital Association.

appropriate relief of symptoms.

cess that individuals use to prioritize their personal values.

s at night in an oriented, but restless, elderly patient is to raise the side

rails.

cation include language deficits, sensory deficits, cognitive impairments,

structural deficits, and paralysis.
 ck for petechiae in a dark-skinned patient, the nurse should assess the oral mucosa.

fingers when both gloves are on.

comfort, the nurse should let the alcohol dry before giving an intramuscular
injection.

-Day Adventists are usually vegetarians.

t produce a feeling of well-being.