Oral Comm Reviewer

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TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES “May I have the floor, sir?

The topic under discussion is the state of the


Philippine economy today. We want better lives for all Filipinos, whether they
are working here or abroad.”
1. NOMINATION
 Speaker carries to collaboratively and productively establish a topic.
4. TOPIC CONTROL
Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic with the
people you are talking to.  Used to control and prevent unnecessary interruptions, limitation you may
 Presenting a particular topic clearly, truthfully, and saying only what is have as speaker.
relevant.  Sticking to the topic throughout the discussion.

EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES:
“Let's go back to the topic.”
"What did you like about today's activity?”
“We're talking about school here, right?”
"How were you able to bring the cat out?”
5. TOPIC SHIFTING
2. RESTRICTION  Involves moving from one topic to another. It is where one part of a
 Refers to the act of speaker wherein he or she restricts or limits participants conversation ends and where another begins.
from contributing to the conversation or discussion.  Introducing a new topic followed by the continuation of that topic.
 Constraining the response/reaction within a set of categories.
EXAMPLES:
EXAMPLES: "What were you talking a while ago?”
Class report on a certain topic, and you are the presenter. "You have point with that. But aren't we going to talk about your
Limiting a question to specific answers, ex. vacation?”
– "Is it raining outside? "(yes/no) "That's quite interesting! But what I am trying to say a while ago...”
"But aren't you going out tonight?"
3. TURN-TAKING
 Pertains to the process by which people decides who take the 6. REPAIR
conversational floor. Primarily, the idea is to give all communicators a  Refers to how speaker address the problems in speaking, listening and
chance to speak. comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.
 Recognizing when and how to speak because it is one’s turn.  Overcoming communication breakdown to send more comprehensible
EXAMPLES: messages.
“I agree with the point just made. But may l add that OFWs would rather be
home and work here so they could be with their families.”
EXAMPLES:  This speech seeks to provide the audience with favorable or acceptable
"We should take this moment as learning opportunity. Let's take a note ideas that can influence their own ideas and decisions.
regarding this matter.”  The main goal of the discourse is to convince the audience to believe in
something. When you deliver persuasive speech, you should understand
"I'm sorry, could you repeat your question please? I didn't hear it quite well the perspective of your audience.
clearly. Thanks"
 A good persuasive speech topic is thought- provoking, daring, and has a
clear opinion.
7. TERMINATION FIVE (5) THINGS TO CONSIDER IN DELIVERING A PERSUASIVE
 Refers to the conversation participants' close initiating expressions that end SPEECH
a topic in a conversation.
 CORRECTNESS OF DICTION – Appropriateness of language.
 Using verbal and nonverbal signals to end the interaction.
 RHYTHM – Stress, timing, and quantity of syllables.
EXAMPLES:  ACCUMULATION OF ARGUMENT – Provide necessary facts.
"Yup, got it. I'll meet you there, bye!”  ANALOGY – Make connections between Logos (logic) and Pathos
"That's it for today's topic, I'll see you next week." (emotional) appeal.
 WILD EXTRAVAGANCE – The emotions, facial expressions, and
gestures.
THREE BASIC TYPES OF SPEECH
(ACCORDING TO PURPOSE) EXAMPLE:
Giving your audience reasons why you should become a club officer, how
to improve your grades through a good habit of reading, the purpose of
1. INFORMATIVE SPEECH
television violence influencing the teenagers nowadays and become a
 It provides the audience with a clear understanding of the concept or idea volunteer and change the world.
presented by the speaker.
 To inform. 3. ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH
 Provides the audience with amusement, pleasure and enjoyment that make
EXAMPLE: the audience laugh.
Teacher telling students about earthquakes, student talking about her
 Designed to amuse, engage, and delight an audience its primary purpose is
research, a travelogue about Chocolate Hills and weatherman speaks
to entertain rather than inform or persuade, using humor, wit and engaging
updates about the weather condition.
content to create an enjoyable and memorable experience for listeners.
2. PURSUASIVE SPEECH  A good entertainment speech is one that captivates the audience using
humor, wit, and engaging storytelling, leaving a lasting impression
 It provides the audience with well-argued ideas that can influence their own
beliefs and decisions.
EXAMPLE:  Spoken conversationally.
Comedian delivering punchlines, why videos go viral, ten fun things to do
during exams, why a chicken still walks even with the head cut off, why is SPEAKING SITUATIONS:
cheating not included in the course curriculum, reasons why I love doing In an event where you are asked to say a few words.
nothing around the house. First day at work or in class, or during an interview.

– TIPS
TYPES OF SPEECHES  Once you are requested to say something, pause for a moment to plan
(ACCORDING TO DELIVERY) in your head what to say.
 State your main point briefly and deliver it at a pace your audience can
follow.
1. EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
 DESCRIPTION 3. READING IN A MANUSCRIPT
 Speaking with limited preparation – DESCRIPTION
 Guided by notes or outline  Speaking with advanced preparation.
 Delivered conversationally  Planned and rehearsed speech.
 Most popular type  Reading aloud a written message.

SPEAKING SITUATIONS: SPEAKING SITUATIONS


When you are a candidate for a post in a student government and you News casting with a TelePrompter or an auto cue device.
deliver your campaign speech before a voting public. Presenting the legal proceedings and verdict in court.
When you are assigned to report a topic in class. Reading the rules and criteria in a contest.

– TIPS – TIPS
 Create an outline.  Rehearse the speech over and over again until you sound natural.
 Organize your points logically (most important to least important or  Observe accomplished news anchors and note how conversational
vice versa). they sound when they deliver the news.
 Use facts and real-life experiences as your examples.
 Manage your time well. 4. MEMORIZED
 Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse. – DESCRIPTION
 Speaking with advanced preparation.
2. IMPROMPTU SPEECH  Planned and rehearsed speech.
 DESCRIPTION  Reciting a written message word-for-word from memory.
 Speaking without advanced preparation.
 Unrehearsed speech.
SPEAKING SITUATIONS:
When you perform in a stage play.
When you deliver a declamation, oratorical, or literary piece.
When an actor or actress in a scene performs a script from memory.

 TIPS
 Break it down! You cannot memorize a speech in one sitting. If your
speech has four paragraphs, you should focus on one paragraph at a
time. Once you have memorized the first paragraph, focus on the
next one.
 Build it up! After memorizing the speech in snippets, you need to put
them together. Recite the first paragraph and move on to the second.
After this, recite the first and second paragraphs and move on to the
third. PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY
 Speak out! Do not memorize the speech silently.
 Identify keys! Identify a key point in every paragraph. 1. MODULATION
 Record and listen! Record yourself delivering the speech and listen – The capability to adjust or manipulate the resonance and timbre of vocal
to it over and over again. Like a song, the speech will get stuck in tone.
your head.
 Use notes cards! Write one key point on one note card. Bring these ELEMENTS OF MODULATION
note cards wherever you go and take them out whenever you have The elements of voice modulation, such as tempo, tone, emphasis, pitch,
extra time to memorize, especially during idle times. and volume.

2. ARTICULATION
– Pronouncing the words and speaking with clear diction that effectively
transmits the message of the speaker.

3. STAGE PRESENCE
– The ability to own the stage, able to fill the space and project his/her
personality to the audience.

ELEMENT OF STAGE PRESENCE: CONFIDENCE

4. FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, GESTURES AND MOVEMENTS


– Without these non-verbal elements, the speaker may be judged as boring SPEECH WRITING PROCESS
with flat delivery.
1. AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
5. RAPPORT WITH THE AUDIENCE DEMOGRAPHY
– Ability to deliver a speech that would appeal to the audience, connection to
audience. – age range, male-female ratio, educational background
SITUATION
– time, venue, occasion and size
PSYCHOLOGY
– values, beliefs, attitudes, culture, preferences

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 2.
GENERAL PUPOSES SPECIFIC PURPOSE
TO INFORM To inform Grade 11 students about the
importance of effective communication
skills in all fields
TO PURSUADE To inform Grade 11 students about the
importance of effective communication
skills in all fields.
TO ENTERTAIN To entertain Grade II students with the
success stories of the people in the
community.

3. TOPIC
– Focal point of speech.

4. NARROWING DOWN A TOPIC


– making your main idea more specific and focused, narrowing down the
topic through listing.
– Involves a discussion of both cause and effect of an issue.
(SPEECH RELATING CRIME RATE TO DRUG USE)

4. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
– Explains a problem and suggest a possible solution.

5. TOPICAL/CATEGORICAL
– Divides the topic into subtopics based on importance or interest value.
(LOW TO HIGH IMPORTANCE)
(BROAD VISION TO SPECIFIC DETAILS)

5. GATHERING DATA (SOURCING THE INFORMATION) 6. COMPARISON/CONTRAST


– Seeking out all the available means for finding materials to support the
– Presents comparison/contrast of two or three points.
speech.
(Comparing living status (Philippines VS. Australia))
– Good sources are newspapers, magazines, books, journals. or any
7. PREPARING AN OUTLINE
reading materials full of useful information.
– Organize the speech itself.
(The best method is an OUTLINE)
6. SELECTING A WRITING PATTERN
– Structures that will help you organize the ideas related to your topic.
OUTLINE FORMAT

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPEECH WRITING PATTERNS

1. CHRONOLOGICAL
– Historical or time approach like from past to present.
(BIOGRAPHICAL SPEECH)

2. SPATIAL OR GEOGRAPHICAL
– Going from one place to another, from one direction to another
(ENTERTAINING TRAVEL SPEECH)

3. CAUSAL
8. INTRODUCTION  Ask a question or series of questions that can make your audience
– Is the foundation of your speech. reflect or ponder.
– Your primary goal is to get the attention of your audience and present the
subject or main idea of your speech. 11. EDITING AND REVISING
– Involves correcting errors in mechanics, such as grammar, punctuation,
THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME STRATEGIES: capitalization, unity, coherence, and others.
 Use a real-life experience and connect that experience to your subject.
 Use practical examples and explain their connection to your subject  Edit for clarity – (arrange logically)
 Start with a familiar or strong quote and then explain what it means.  Edit for focus – (central message of the speech)
 Use facts or statistics and highlight their importance to your subject.  Edit for concision – (short, simple, and clear)
 Tell a personal story to illustrate your point.  Edit for continuity – (use transition words)
 Edit for variety – (shifting tone and style from formal to conversational
and vice-versa, moving around the stage, or adding humor)
 Edit for impact and beauty – (surprise the audience, use vivid descriptive
9. BODY OF THE SPEECH images, write well-crafted and memorable lines, and use figures of speech.)
– Provides explanations, examples, or any details that can help you deliver
your purpose and explain the main idea of your speech. 12. REHEARSING
– “Constant practice makes perfect.”

THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME STRATEGIES TO HIGHLIGHT YOUR


MAIN IDEA.:
 Present real-life or practical examples.
 Show statistics.
 Present comparisons.
 Share ideas from the experts.

10. CONCLUSION
– Restates the main idea of your speech.
– It provides a summary, emphasizes the message, and calls for action
– Aims to leave the audience with a memorable statement.

THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME STRATEGIES:


 Begin your conclusion with a restatement of your message.
 Use positive examples, encouraging words, or memorable lines from
songs or stories familiar to your audience.

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