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Practical Research Reviewer

The document discusses the nature and goals of research including exploration, description, and prediction. It covers quantitative and qualitative research and the characteristics of good research including being guided by a question and following a logical procedure. The document also discusses various approaches to qualitative research such as action research, ethnography, feminist research, grounded theory, phenomenological research, historical research, case studies, and descriptive research.

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14 views9 pages

Practical Research Reviewer

The document discusses the nature and goals of research including exploration, description, and prediction. It covers quantitative and qualitative research and the characteristics of good research including being guided by a question and following a logical procedure. The document also discusses various approaches to qualitative research such as action research, ethnography, feminist research, grounded theory, phenomenological research, historical research, case studies, and descriptive research.

Uploaded by

quentsaligato
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Neil Armstrong – research is creating new knowledge

What is research?
Research is the systematic application of the scientific inquiry in
order to find solutions to problems and contribute knowledge

Natures of inquiry and research


• Search for answer
• Find and report new knowledge
• plan, collect and analyze collected data
• To better understand or describe phenomenon
Goals of research
• exploration
• description
• causal explanation
• prediction

Research experience
• emotional aspect of researchers
• researchers involvement
• researchers adventure
• to better understand or describe phenomenon
Characteristics of research
1. Research begins with an unanswered problem or question.
2. Research divides the major problems into sub- Problems.
3. Research is guided by specific problem or question.
4. Research follows a logical procedure and data Collection.
5. Research requires interpretation of data.
6. Research is a cycle.

Quantitative vs Qualitative

Quantitative – is the process of collecting and analyzing


numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and averages,
make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize
results to wider populations.
Qualitative – involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical
data (e.g.,text,video,or audio) to understand concepts, opinions,
or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth insights into a
problem or generate new ideas for research.

Ethical codes and policies for research


Given the importance of ethics in the conduct of a research, you
will follow codes and policies for research (Resnik, 2007)
including:

Honesty – Maintain all communication. Data should not be


faked.
Objectivity – Avoid biases in experimental, data analysis,
interpretation, expert testimony, and other aspects of research.
Integrity – Keep your promises agreements.
Carefulness – Avoid careless errors and negligence.
Openness – Share data, results, ideas, and tools. Be open to
criticism and new ideas.
Confidentiality – protect confidential information
Responsible publication – Avoid duplicating complications
Responsible Mentoring – Help to educate, mentor, and advise
others.
Respect colleagues – Treat all peers fairly.
Social responsibility – Strive to promote social good. Avoid
social harm.
Non-discrimination – Avoid discrimination against colleagues
or students on the basis of sex, races, ethnicity and or others.
Legality – Be informed and obey relevant laws and
governmental policies institutional
Human Subject – Minimize risks that involve human lives,
dignity, and privacy.

Parts of qualitative research


✓ Qualitative research deals with designs, techniques, and
measures that do not produce discrete numerical data. It is
primarily an exploratory research. It is used to give an
understanding of underlying reasons, opinions and motivations.
✓ According to Yin (2011), qualitative research is studying the
meaning of people’s lives, under real-world conditions;
Action research
• In action research, the researcher works in close collaboration
with a group of people to improve a situation in a particular
setting.
• Action research begins with a process of communication and
agreement between people who want to change something
together.
• This type of research is popular in areas such as organizational
management, community development, education and
agriculture.

Ethnography
• The emphasis in ethnography is on describing and interpreting
cultural behavior. Ethnographers immerse themselves in the
lives and culture of the group being studied, often living with
that group for months on end.
• It studies people-ethnic groups in their settings (Prieto, Naval,
& Carey, 2017).
• TWO APPROACHES TO ETHNOGRAPHY:
1. REALIST researcher provides an objective account of the
situation
2. CRITICAL- researcher shows his advocacy for a
marginalized group or attempts to empower the group by
giving them voice.

Feminist
• Feminist researchers argue that for too long the lives and
experiences of women have been ignored or misrepresented.
Often, in the past, research was conducted on male ‘subjects’
and the results generalized to the whole population.

Grounded theory
• Grounded theory is a methodology which was first laid out
in 1967 by two researchers named Glaser and Strauss. In
grounded theory, methods such as focus groups and
interviews tend to be the preferred data collection method,
along with α com- prehensive literature review which takes
place throughout the data collection process.
• It aims to generate theories from the data itself, allowing
theories to emerge during the research process rather than
being imposed beforehand.

Phenomenological Research
• It aims to describe an experience as it is actually lived by the
person. It is concerned with the study of experience from the
perspective of the individual.

Historical Research
• It is one involving analysis of events that occurred in the
remote or recent past.

Case study
• A case study is an in-depth investigation of a particular
individual, group, event or situation. Researchers use case
studies to gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject
and to explore its complexities within a real- life context.

Descriptive Research
• The main objective is to describe the features, qualities, and
nuances of the phenomenon being studied. It aims to capture
the richness and depth of the subject.

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