Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF SAN FERNANDO
PAMPANGA HIGH SCHOOL
BRGY. LOURDES, CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA

Deciphering Paths: A Phenomenological Research Regarding the College Students'

Career Decision-Making

Abalos, Eljay Janine B.

Alfonzo, Fonzy L.

Aguilar, Mico P.

Almario, Alvin Jr. C.

Andres, Grady Mark Troy M.

Aquino, Julian M.

A Research Presented to

the Senior High School Department,

Pampanga High School, City of San Fernando, Pampanga

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in

Practical Research 1

Carlo D. Villamor

Research Teacher

May 2024

Address: PHS Blvd., Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando, Pampanga

Telephone No: (045) 961-4261  (045) 961-2239
COLLEGE STUDENT CAREER DECISION MAKING 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

According to Dobrean et al. (2020), a taxonomy that emphasizes information,

coping with obstacles, preparedness, willingness, and individualized career counseling

should be used to analyze career decision-making assessments. According to a survey by

Albina & Sumagaysay (2020), 28.06% of graduates from 2015–2017 took 1-2 years to

land their first job, making up 86.76% of the employed population. To make sure graduates

are ready for the workforce, it is advised that academic authorities, alumni, and

professionals from the industry review curricula on a regular basis.

Based on a recent study by Ahmad et al. (2023), the majority of students find it

difficult to choose a career. In schools, 99 percent of pupils receive the barest minimum of

career services. Because of this, practically all of the students required assistance in making

professional decisions. These days, the majority of students are unemployed because the

jobs they want are not in demand by employers, and many of them remain pessimistic about

the future. When it comes to selecting the right professional route, many students struggle

to identify their passions and strengths.

The purpose of this proposed study is to investigate how college students actually

go about selecting career decisions. The study aims to ascertain the following: (1) what the

students think about choosing a career, (2) what obstacles they face when making a

decision, (3) how they overcome these obstacles, and (4) what lessons can be drawn from

college students' real-world experiences in making career decisions.

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This study could serve as a resource for college students who are having difficulty

deciding on a professional path and provide guidance during that process. Future

researchers looking into topics related to our study may find this research useful. The

following are the beneficiaries of this study: Students: For those who are still unsure about

their career path, this research may help them select the career they want. Teachers: This

research may assist teachers in assisting their students in making a career decision.

Researchers in the future who are interested in our issue of college students' career decision-

making may find this study useful.

Literature Review

The researchers looked into a variety of articles, journals and other related actual

materials that could be used on the internet to discuss the student’s career decision making

in order to collect the numerous information related to the issue regarding this study.

Furthermore, the school administration is capable of collecting knowledge to help the

students in making a career decision. The industry in the Philippines is held to a high

standard; thus, having a career plan may be useful for its citizens.

The following are the themes formulated to further understand this study:

Pathways to Growth: College Student’s Opportunities in Making Career Decision

In this study, making career choices is one of the most significant decisions people

make in their lifetime. If a person is prepared for a career plan, particularly students, it can

significantly impact success and satisfaction. To be precise, why is it important for students

to have a career plan?

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Having a prepared career path is one of the essential ways for having a successful

start of a professional dream. As such things require serious decision making. Hence,

Eriksson et al. (2018) stated that today's industry is rapidly changing in the labor market,

surging in flow of information, more opportunities to make regarding education and career.

Consequently, Gallo & Roberts (2019) because of economic changes, college career

courses surging offered at college and university. As a result, students graduating ensure

more job placements. In addition Wang (2021) The hospitality industry is increasingly

using internships, as a result, providing more opportunities for students to expand their

abilities, interests, and career decisions in a workplace.

To sum up everything that has been stated so far. Nowadays, due to the rapidly

changing industry, students gain more opportunities to work in industry. Resulting that the

students have a lot of chances to expand their abilities and interests in career decisions.

Lastly, Career planning enables you to identify your strengths and areas where you

can improve. As a student researcher, based on this study due to the rapidly changing

industry and increasing information, students gain a lot of more opportunities to enhance

their abilities, interest and career decisions. As a result students ensure more job

placements.

Uncertain Future: The Challenges of College Students in Career Decision Making

Making a decision in career path is one of the most significant decisions people

make in their lifetime. However, there are various challenges students face while making a

career decision. Such as, lack of interest, uncertainties, self-doubt, and changes in industry.

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While there were barriers in making a career decision, taking a measurement, exploring,

and following a recommendation would help a student in making a career decision.

Gati et al. (2020) stated that making career choices are among the most significant

decisions people make. However, a lot of people face difficulty in making such decisions,

and due to the changes in the world, work of twenty-first have only got complexity in

exploring career choices. Dobrean et al. (2020) also stated that in the 21st century, career

transitions are becoming more difficult for individuals. Every single one of the necessary

changes in making a career decision, by finding the most important one, gathering

information about them, examining the alternatives on the short list and deciding on one.

Hariko (2019) indicated that choosing a career and work, mistakes commonly occur in

individuals today. This is generally due to not making a good career plan. He also stated

that career plans need to be done at an early age to enable them to understand the

information about themselves, knowledge on career goals and factual reasoning in

comprehending their own information and career goals.

In conclusion, nowadays making career choices is becoming more difficult for

students due to changes in the world and because of a substantial amount of information. It

gets harder for the student to choose and to explore the career they want. It is essential for

students to have a career plan from an early age so that students can explore and understand

the information about themselves.

Finally, making a career path is essential for the students. However, in making such

a decision. Students face a lot of difficulties when it comes to making a career decision in

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the 21st century due to the transition changes and because students are having a hard time

choosing the career they want.

Survival Strategies: Coping Mechanism of a College Student in Making a Career

Decision

It is essential for students to decide on a career plan. However, when making such

a decision, students face challenges. It could be advantageous for students to think about

addressing these challenges. Why is it essential for the students to have a coping mechanism

in a time of problems?

Soon-ho & Soyoung (2020) stated that students had to face high difficulty when it

comes to the category of lack of readiness, inconsistent information, and lack of

information. Students have negative thoughts when it comes to career due to cognitive

barriers that are a hindrance to individuals in career decision-making and successful career

development. Seeking for a therapy show a result that the negative career thought were

significantly reduced (Bakare et al., 2018). For college students, thoughts about life after

graduating can be terrifying. Uncertainty about employment expectations can lead to

crippling anxiety. Mediating mechanism of coping styles is very effective for college

students graduating it enhance the effect of graduating students (Affum-Osei et al., 2021).

In conclusion, when it comes to making a career decision for the college students,

students have a negative thought and have to face a lot of difficulty due to the lack of

readiness and lack of information. By seeking help for the professionals, therapy or

meditations significantly can help for the students.

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Lastly, deciding a career plan for a college student is very special for the student

before/after graduating. However, while making such decisions, struggles and stress are

inevitable but having a strong mind, seeking help and meditating might be good for coping

styles.

Blooming Seeds: Life Lesson of College Students Regarding Career Decision Making

In this study, college career decision making is a very important life lesson for

students. By preparing earlier to enhance the skills, explore different things, and to work

towards specific career goals. While there were challenges in making effective career

decision plans, taking countermeasures and following recommendations would help the

student in making a career decision plan.

Gu (2022) stated that college students are having a hard time finding a job after

graduating. In career planning self-efficacy and parental support are essential factors in

career planning (Putra & Solfema, 2020). Hence, Mustika et al. (2022) stated that having a

career planning for a college student is very crucial to shore up the wanted goals. Therefore,

students anticipate having a career plan based on student’s talents, interest, level of

intelligence, and life values to simplify the process of career planning for students. Students

pursuing ways to improve their networking and skills to assure employment opportunities

after graduation. Through various initiatives, students are engaged in the hospitality

industry (Dopson et al., 2021).

In conclusion, in making a career decision, students could learn the importance of

self-efficacy and parental support in possible challenges. By preparing for various possible

scenarios, individuals could initiate all the essential factors in career planning.
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Lastly, college students are having a hard time finding a job after graduating. That

is why career decision making is very crucial for the students. Having a plan for a career

helps students to give a clear goal or purpose. Improving and exploring different

networking and skills to secure a job employment.

Statement of the Problem

This research study sought to inquire about the struggle of college students when it

comes to career decision making. The researchers aimed to gain knowledge from the

following:

1. What unique factors influence students' individual perspectives on career choice?

2. What challenges do students typically encounter when making decisions about

their careers?

3.What are the steps students take when making a career decision?

4.What life lessons can be learned from the lived experiences of college students in

career decision making?

Scope and Limitation

This research dealt with the perception of select college students regarding career

decision making, specifically The Don Honorio Ventura State University (DHVSU). The

study involves ten (10) learners who: (a) are enrolled in Don Honorio Ventura State

University, (b) are at the grade level in college, and (c) at least 17 to 24 years of age. The

study will be conducted during the second semester of the School Year 2023-2024.

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As a limitation, this study will not cover the other problems that are not necessarily

connected to College Students Career Decision Making. The other students which do not

fall as part of College Students are not within the scope of this research. Additionally data

finding might not be generalized to other schools and were limited by time and resources

available for data collection and analysis.

Significance of the Study

This research study aimed to help the students in choosing the career that they will

take whether by, this study took significance and contributed additional information to

serve the following individuals and groups, including the following:

Students. The result of this research study could help the students improve their

decision-making maturity and self-efficacy and knowledge about career decision making.

In addition, it can help the students to help them choose their career they want for those

who are still undecided in choosing a career.

Teachers. With this research study it could also benefit the teacher, it can help the

teachers to guide their students to choose a right career for students. Regarding the situation

of students struggling with their choosing career.

School Administration. School officials could eventually make better career

decisions by knowing how students view their decision-making process. planning and

making efforts, particularly for students who are unsure about their career path, and taking

the necessary steps so that the school can assist them in selecting a career. In addition, the

information gleaned from this study may be used as a guide for future initiatives that will

assist students in making decisions.

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Future Researcher. This study makes a move as a guide for future researchers who

are interested in investigating the same topic. This would serve as advice for future

researchers who are associated with captured related pieces of information that could

improve their work. It is important to note that this study could emphasize other changes

and challenges that following research can address.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined conceptually and operationally to provide an

understanding of the concepts presented in the study.

Career. It refers to a profession that one learns and takes on as a permanent calling

(Merriam Webster, 2024).

Career based on this study a good career beginning is one of the key components of

realizing one's professional goals. The primary goals of the study were to assist the students

in selecting the appropriate career path to ensure a prosperous future.

Decision. Refers to making a decision about something after considering multiple

possibilities (Cambridge Dictionary, 2024).

Decision was indicated by this study, students must carefully consider their options

while making decisions about their lives, particularly when it comes to their careers.

Internships. It refers to period of time training spent in order to finish their

qualification (Cambridge Dictionary, 2024).

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Internship is defined in this study as aimed to provide students with an internship to

increase the chances for students to develop their skills and interests in order to aid in job

selection.

Cognitive Barriers. It refers to when human agents encounter cognitive barriers

when they are asked or forced to make judgments and decisions about unknown singular

events. (Macleod, 2018).

Cognitive Barriers were defined in this study. Students face difficulties because of

imprecise ideas and lack of interaction, which makes it difficult for them to select an

appropriate career.

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METHODOLOGY

This study is based on qualitative methods. Aspers & Corte (2019) stated that

qualitative research is an iterative process in which enhancing the understanding to the

scientific community is attained by forming new important distinctions resulting from

getting closer to the study of phenomena. The purpose of this formulation is to improve

research designs while highlighting the importance of incorporating a qualitative aspect

into quantitative work. Furthermore, it can make teaching easier, communication between

researchers, lessen the gap between qualitative and quantitative researchers, to emphasize

the critiques of qualitative methods, and can be utilized as a standard for assessing

qualitative research. In the same way Buseto et al. (2023) stated that qualitative research

can be defined as the study of natural phenomena and is mainly relevant for answering

questions why something is (not) observed, analyzing complex multi-component

interventions, and emphasizing on intervention improvement.

Further, Reyes (2023) stated that having a career plan can boost your success and

satisfaction. It involves making clear goals, and making informed career choices,

examining diverse career options, all of which provide a roadmap for reaching the

ambitions. Thus, qualitative research is fit for this study since it allows for in-depth

exploration and analysis of participants' experiences, attitudes, and behaviors. It qualifies

the researchers to gather rich and detailed insights into the effectiveness of college students

having career decision making measures and identified areas for improvement to enhance

the planning for the career.

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Research Design

This study employs a phenomenological research design. A phenomenological

qualitative research emphasizes the nature of lived experiences, or phenomena, that can be

observed, or felt by people who have diverse viewpoints. The meaning of the

phenomenological study contains “what” the individuals experienced and “how” they

experienced it (Gonzalez et al., 2020). And Asenahabi (2019) also stated that

phenomenological research is a design of inquiry which originates from philosophy and

psychology involves the researcher describing the lived experiences of individuals of a

phenomenon as described by the participants. It is a qualitative approach used by

researchers to identify the essence of human experiences about a phenomenon as described

by participants in a study. Mckoy (2023) stated that in a phenomenological study design

involves systematic steps in the data analysis procedures, together with identifying a

phenomenon to study, interviewing participants, highlighting common themes, and

publishing work.

As a further matter, phenomenological research design is appropriate for this study

since it allows for in-depth exploration of students' lived experiences, which they attribute

to career decision making. Meanwhile, it also ensures that students' voices are central to

the study, providing valuable insights for making a career decision. Overall, the

phenomenological research design offers a comprehensive understanding of students'

perceptions, which contributes to improve a career decision making.

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Sampling

Participants in this study are ten (10) students from Don Honorio Ventura State

University. The number of participants in qualitative phenomenology research is

additionally not specified or recommended. Rather, the emphasis is on the size and

complexity of the information gathered from every participant. Renwick (2019) stated that

you have to conduct a series of user interviews or usability tests and are unsure of how

many people to reach out to. It is typically a good idea to initiate with 5 participants and

then increase by 5 depending on the complexity of the subject matter.

According to Campbell et al. (2020) Purposive sampling has a long history of

development and there are as many views on its simple and straightforwardness as there

are about its complexity. Purposive sampling is done to ensure a better match between the

sample and the research's aims and objectives. And due to the four aspects of this concept:

credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. In addition Nikolopoulou

(2023) stated purposive sampling refers to a group of non-probability sampling techniques

in which units are selected because they have characteristics that are convenient for the

researcher. Purposive sampling involves selecting units on purpose.

This primarily called on the relevance of participants' experiences to respond to

research questions concerning the problem that this study sought to address. The inclusion

criteria for participation in the study is: (1) students currently enrolled in Don Honorio

Ventura State University, (2) students that are currently in college, and (3) students who

could provide valuable insights into their career decision making.

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Instrument

To ensure the collection of reliable and comparable qualitative data, the researchers

employ a semi-structured interview guide as a primary method of data gathering. Given the

adoption of a qualitative research approach, interviews prove to be a valuable tool in

comprehending and exploring the perspectives, behaviors, experiences, and perceptions of

the participants. Adeoye‐Olatunde et al. (2021) stated that while other methods of data

collection have a place in qualitative research, one of the main advantages of semi-

structured interviews is their ability to be focused while allowing the investigator to explore

relevant ideas that may arise during the interview. And also DeJonckheere & Vaughn

(2019) stated that in qualitative research semi-structured in-depth interviews are oftentimes

used and frequent data source in research. The typical method involves a discussion

between researchers and participants, guided by a flexible interview protocol, and

complemented by follow-up questions, probes, and comments. This method allows the

researcher to collect open-ended data, to explore participant thoughts, feelings and beliefs

about a particular topic and to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues.

The utilization of semi-structured interviews comprising open-ended questions

concerning the participants' experiences yields comprehensive and insightful information

from diverse perspectives regarding college students' career decision making at Don

Honorio Ventura State University. Consequently, this research approach enables active

participation of the participants, facilitating discussions pertaining to the research inquiries

that are of primary interest to individuals working in that specific setting. This

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methodological choice ensures an in-depth exploration of concerns and issues relevant to

the research area, thereby enhancing the overall understanding of college student career

decision making at Don Honorio Ventura State University.

Data Collection

The data collection process starts with the initiation of an official correspondence

address to Mr. Richard C. Agustin, the principal of Pampanga High School, seeking

permission to conduct the study. Following the approval, a form for instrument validation

will be transmitted to Mr. Carlo D. Villamor, the research teacher. Hence, in accomplishing

the data collection processes, certain procedures that the researchers have established. In

accordance with this, the members of the research team consequently seek for participants

to engage in the study by publicizing recruitment materials such as posters with specific

criteria to gather participants. Accordingly, participants are oriented toward the goal and

purpose of the study as presented through which the researchers establish rapport and

communicate with the participants in an accommodating manner. Whereas students know

that their choice to participate in the survey is entirely voluntary, all responses will be

treated with utmost confidentiality or anonymously, and they can choose to end their

participation in the study at any time. Thereafter, the informed consent is sent accordingly,

seeking to ensure that the participants are aware of all aspects of the study, including the

procedures or treatments that were used and the potential results, including the advantages

and risks. In that matter, once participants have read the forms, comprehended that all

pertinent information is treated with the utmost confidentiality and is used solely for

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academic and research purposes, and signed the foregoing information, the research

transpires.

Meanwhile, the researchers employ a semi-structured interview with the utilization

of the Google Forms platform, which is widely used to create interviews easily and quickly

since it allows users to ask questions directed to collect diverse types of information in a

simple and efficient way. Through this, a link is relayed with one another in accordance

with the discussions, questions, and information needed for the study by accomplishing the

survey questionnaire form through Google Forms.

Upon completion of the data collection phase, the researchers proceed with the

evaluation and interpretation of the participants' responses. This critical analysis aims to

derive meaningful conclusions and substantiate the knowledge obtained from the study,

specifically addressing the phenomenon experienced by the participants.

Ethical Issues

Ethical considerations are observed during the study. The researchers in this study

will ensure to uphold the most ethical principles throughout the paper. Every single

individual who participates in the study will be treated ethically, with respect, and with a

nondiscriminatory attitude or judgment. Participants in this study are purely voluntary,

without threat or coercion. The researchers will secure personal and parental consent for

participants who are minors. This paper also contains the researchers' affixed word of honor

that the study will not cause any physical, emotional, or mental harm or danger associated

with discussing topics related to disasters to the participants. During the interview,

participants have the option to share certain personal or sensitive information at their

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discretion. Researchers ensure that participants' identities and personal information are

protected throughout the research process. Furthermore, health and safety precautions and

guidelines are continued to be strictly followed to ensure the protection and safety of both

the participants and the researchers, even though the pandemic phase of COVID-19 is over.

Hence, the utilization of Google Forms avoids personal contact and exposure during the

interview. Since the data is collected online and maintained in digital format, any

documents acquired in the survey, whether physical or stored online, such as signed forms,

are secured accordingly.

Participants are not required to answer any questions or take part in the interview if

they believe the question(s) are too personal or if discussing that particular issue made them

feel uncomfortable. Participants have the option to withdraw from the study at any point,

including before, during, and after the survey, or if it appears to have a detrimental influence

on their involvement in the study. Lastly, researchers consider the potential implications

and benefits of the study for the participants and the broader community. The findings aim

to be used responsibly and ethically, with the purpose of improving the decision of the

college students when it comes to career decision making.

Data Analysis

The findings of a qualitative study usually rely on the researcher’s interpretation.

The researcher adapts a phenomenological approach as research design and uses thematic

analysis of the gatherer data. Handke et al. (2019) Stated that thematic analysis is a popular

and fundamental technique for analyzing qualitative policy data. The purpose of it is to

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identify and analyze patterns of meaning (themes) and provides a versatile, cost-effective,

and adaptable tool for exploratory research.

In addition Majumdar (2022) stated that one popular method in qualitative research

is thematic analysis, which offers a succinct explanation and interpretation of the themes

and patterns found in a data collection. When examining data, thematic analysis should not

be applied in a prescriptive, linear, or rigid manner; rather, it calls for specialized

knowledge. Instead, it ought to be applied in light of the research topic and the accessibility

of the data. Braun and Clarke have developed a straightforward but efficient six-step

process for conducting theme analysis to guarantee its appropriate use. Despite its

methodical, step-by-step procedure, theme analysis imparts fundamental abilities necessary

to perform various other types of qualitative analysis. Due to its theoretical flexibility, rich

and intricate but intricate analytical account, and theoretical freedom, thematic analysis has

become the most popular and

In order to store the study participants' responses, the researchers will rely on

tagging or labeling techniques during the data processing procedure. They additionally use

notes succinctly and clarify the information that the study is searching for. The researchers

will carefully analyze the responses to make sure the collected data is appropriate and

reliable once they have been labeled, classified, or categorized. The focus is on confirming

the integrity of the acquired data.

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