B. Tech.

Semester-VI
Open Elective Courses-III

Building Services and Maintenance –

Session-16 (20/02/2024)
BCI6603B

Dr. Prachi Ingle

UNIT 3

Electrical Services & Mechanical Services in Buildings:

Electrical services in the building Technical terms and
symbols for electrical installations and Accessories of
wiring, Systems of wiring, Plumbing & Air Conditioning
Air Conditioning Air Distribution system, Cleaners .

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Electrical Services & Mechanical Services in
Buildings:
Project Procedure:
• Understanding project requirements
• Contracts
• Conceptual planning, Designing
• Project Planning
• Budgeting, costing and Estimation
• Project Execution
• Testing and commissioning
• Billings
• Project Closure

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Why to study electrical services?
Its hard to imagine society today without the 3 main branches of
Electrical Engineering:

1. Telecommunications
2. Power & Lighting
3. Computer Engineering

Electricity power our world.

Ex. Blood pumping in our veins, same we need electrical power flow.

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 What is Electricity
• Electricity is a general term that
encompasses a variety of
phenomenon resulting from the
presence & flow of electric charge.

• The first use of electric supply to

homes was established in 1882 by
Thomas Edison.

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Introduction to Electrical services
• In your day to day life have you paid attention to the appliances?
• Type of lighting at your place?

• Where does it comes from?

• Ex. Fan where does it gets the power?
• Where does it comes from?
• What happens behind it.

Types of sources :
1. Thermal (Fossil fuels, coal diesel)
2. Hydro (water sources)
3. Nuclear (Power sources)
4. Renewable (wind turbines, solar
panels)
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Sources of electricity
generation

RES: comprises of bio mass power, small hydro project, Biomass gasifier,
solar and wind energy
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 Where does Maharashtra gets
electricity from?
 Mahavitaran or Mahadiscom or MSEDCL
(Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution
Company Limited) is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Maharashtra State
Electricity Board.

• It is the largest electricity distribution utility

in India

• MSEDCL distributes electricity to the entire

state of Maharashtra except for some parts
of Mumbai city where-

 Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport,

 Tata Power
 Adani Electricity Mumbai Limited are electricity
distributors. 8
Task :

• List down Thermal power plant in Maharashtra?

• List down Hydro power plant in Maharashtra?

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What is voltage?
• Voltage, also known as electric
pressure.

• Voltage = Energy / charge.

Batteries are sources of voltage in

many electric circuits.

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Generators

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Power Generation and
transmission
Phase 1: Generation- Power stations- location far.
Phase 2: Transmission-Power station generates electricity at lower voltages.
No loses.
Phase 3: Distribution- Power is carried by distribution line through
distribution pole.

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 Indian Context- Distribution of
voltages
• Voltages: 440V, 11KV, 33KV, 66KV

• Generation:
• Transmission
voltages: Stepped up
• 33KV, 66KV, 220KV, (transport)
440KV
Red wire:
• Distribution
high tension,
voltages: step up from
• 400/230V to 33KV generation
voltages

Substation- stepdown-
distribution voltages
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Transmission voltages
Transmission voltages are defined as any line with voltage greater than
39,000 volts or 39 kV.

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Sub Stations- Step up the voltage or step down.
It includes transformers, Voltage needs to be step down. As
power cannot be delivered.

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transmissions
• Power Generation systems are simply the combination of a potential or
stored energy converter providing kinetic energy which in turn creates electric
power for use of lighting, heating and other conveniences of modern life.

• Electrical power transmission involves the bulk movement of electrical

energy from a generation site such as a power plant to an electrical substation
where voltage is transformed & distributed to consumers and other substations.

• The current is sent through transformers to increase the voltage to push the
power to long distances.

• Electrical charge goes through high voltage transmission lines.

• Residential building receive 120/240V depending upon how far the building is
from the grid station.

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Entry in the buildings
• In Urban area, electrical cables are usually used underground and are brought up to
entry point at ground level or at basement level.

• These cables terminate in a distribution board at the first convenient position.

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Grids, Transmissions

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 Short Circuit
• When part of a wire carrying current
touches another wire or part of the
circuit, and gives electricity a path of less
resistance, it is said to have Short
Circuited.

• E.g: Wire with faulty insulation

becomes exposed and touches metal,
current can easily flow & result in a
shock.

• Less resistance implies more heat causing

Fire eruption.

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Ground wire/Earthing wire

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 Ground wire/Earthing wire
• The process of transferring the immediate
discharge of the electrical energy directly to
the earth by the help of the low resistance
wire is known as the electrical earthing.

• The electrical earthing is done by connecting

the non-current carrying part of the
equipment or neutral of supply system to
the ground.

• Mostly, the galvanized iron is used for the

earthing.

• The earthing provides the simple path to

the leakage current.

• The short-circuit current of the equipment

passes to the earth which has zero potential.
Thus, protects the system and equipment
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from damage.
Thank You!

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 B. Tech.
Semester-VI
Open Elective Courses-III

Building Services and Maintenance –

Session-14 (09/02/2023)
BCI6603B

Dr. Prachi Ingle

 Distribution board
• The Distribution Board (also known as Panel Board) is a component of Electricity supply
system that divides an electric power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a
protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit in a common enclosure.

• The distribution box is fitted with a seal box

to prevent moisture from entering the
insulation of the service cable.

• The position chosen for the distribution board

should be readily accessible both for
meter reading and for replacing fuses.

• In come cases, special glass casing is

provided so that meter can be read without
entering the premises.

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 Basic wiring system in a
building
• Wiring in the building either
runs on the surface or is
concealed in the construction.

• Surface wiring is cheaper but

its appearance limits its use.

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 Electric fuses and switches
• Every sub-circuit which originates from the distribution fuse board is
generally limited to a total load of 1000 W & requires 5A fuses &
switches.

• In Large buildings, 15A fuses

and wiring are sometimes used
due to the higher total load on
the circuit.

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Number of sockets outlets for small
house.
Location Desirable number of sockets
outlets
Dining room 2
Living area 5
Double 3
bedroom
Single 2
bedroom
Kitchen 4
Hall 1
Landing 1
Garage 1
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Different types of electrical wiring
systems
• The types of internal wiring usually are:
1. Cleat wiring
2. Wooden casing & capping wiring
3. CTS or TRS or PVC sheath wiring
4. Lead sheathed or metal sheathed wiring
5. Conduit wiring

There are additional types of conduit wiring according to pipes installation

(Where steel & PVC pipes are used for wiring connections and installation)
6. Surface or Open conduit type
7. Recessed or concealed or underground type conduit

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Cleat wiring

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Cleat wiring

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sheath wiring- (TRS- Tip Ring Sleeve
cable )

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Batten wiring

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Wooden casing & capping
wiring

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Wooden casing & capping
wiring

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Surface or Open conduit
type

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Surface or Open conduit
type

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Surface or Open conduit
type

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Concealed conduit wiring

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Types of conduits

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Advantages of conduit wiring

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Disadvantages of conduit
wiring

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Thank You!

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 B. Tech.
Semester-VI
Open Elective Courses-III

Building Services and Maintenance –

Session-15 (10/02/2023)
BCI6603B

Dr. Prachi Ingle

 Classification of Distribution
system
According to the Type of
current According to the feeder
• A.C Distribution system connections
• D.C Distribution system • Radial distribution system
• Parallel feeder system
According to the type of • Ring main distribution system
• Interconnected distribution system
construction
• Over head distribution system
• Under ground distribution system

According to the number of

wires
• Two wire D.C system
• Three wire D.C system
• Single phase two wire A.C System
• 44
Three phase Three wire A.C System
Components of the distribution
system
Its consists of:
1. Distribution substations (Top)
2. Feeders
(Stepped down voltages from substation is carried to
distribution transformers)
3. Distribution Transformation
(provides final transformation in the electric power
distribution)
4. Distributors conductors
Output from the distribution transformer is carried out
distribution conductor
5. Service main conductors
Small cable which connects the distributor conductor at the 45
Distribution and transmission from
generation source

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According to the feeders
classification
• Radial distribution system
• Parallel feeder system Drawback:
• Ring main distribution system • In case of feeder failure
• Interconnected distribution system the consumers in the
radial electricity will fail.
Primary • Transformer failure
transformer

Radial distribution (Radial direction)

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Parallel feeder
• Majorly used this day.
• Feeder coming out from
substations
• In a event of line fault, only one
set of cable will be affected.
• Advantages in terms of electrical
power system

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Ring main electrical power distribution
system

• One of the ring distribution system is fed by more then one feeder.
• If any fault occurs on any section, of the ring, this section can easily be isolated by
opening the associated section isolators on both sides of the faulty zone transformer
directly.
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Interconnected distribution
system
When a ring main feeder is
energized by two or more
substations or generating stations,
it is called as an interconnected
distribution system.

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Common Electrical symbols
Intermediate Switches are used
for when there are three
switches (or more) controlling
one light.

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Common Electrical symbols

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Common Electrical symbols

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Common Electrical symbols

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Draw a Line plan of your
residence & mark all the
electric symbols
appropriately.

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Thank You!

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