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Chapter No 5

The Verb

A word or group of words used to describe a state, an action or experience is called verb.

Some verbs require an infinitive (to + verb1) after them:

She claimed achieving her goal. Incorrect
She claimed to achieve her goal. Correct

He pretended curing the disease. Incorrect

He pretended to cure the disease. Correct
Verb are subdivided into five main classes
Transitive Intransitive Auxiliaries Causative Verbs Linking verb

1.Transitive verb
A verb is transitive, if the action does not stop with the agent. It passes from the doer/agent to something
else.
e.g. She picked a mango.
In this sentence ‘picked’ is the verb. It transfers its action onto the mango which is object.
Therefore, picked is a transitive verb.
2.Intransitive Verb
A verb is intransitive, when the action stops with the agent, and does not pass from the agent to anything
else.
E.g. The girl weeps bitterly.
In this sentence the verb “weep” cannot pass its action over and stop with the agent. Therefore, weep is
an intransitive verb
3.Causative Verbs
Make, have, and get can be used to express the idea that some person causes another person to do
something. In this case the verb is called causative. When they are used in a causative sense, their meanings are
similar but not identical; as
e.g. a. I made him write an application.
b. I had him write an application.
c. I got him to write an application
4.Auxiliaries
An auxiliary verb is one which helps to form a tense or mood of some principal verb. They combine with
present or past participles or with infinitives to form the tenses of ordinary verbs.
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e.g. I am writing
She has gone
He did not work
Note: The verb be (am, is, are, was, were, been) and have, has, do, does, did are also called helping verbs when
used with ordinary verbs.
5.Linking/Copular Verb
There are certain special kind of verb which join an adjective or noun complement to a subject. These
verbs can be called linking/copulas/copular verbs.
Common of these are: (be, seem, appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get, grow, turn, stay, remain,
make, is, am are, was, were, been, being etc.)
e.g. The atmosphere is gloomy
I feel happy
The train looks fast
The food smells good.
Form of Verbs
Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle
Abide Abode Abode
Arise Arose Arisen
Awake Awoke Awaked
Be Was Been
Bear Bore Borne
Beat Beat Beaten
Become Became Become
Befall Befell Befallen
Beget Begot Begotten
Begin Began Begun
Behold Beheld Beheld
Bereave Bereaved, bereft Bereaved, bereft
Beseech Besought Besought
Beset Beset Beset
Bet Bet, betted Bet, betted
Betake Betook Betaken
Bethink Bethought Bethought
Bid Bade, bid Bidden, bid
Bind Bound Bound
Bite Bit Bitten, bit
Bleed Bled Bled
Blend Blended, Blended,
Blow Blew Blown
Break Broke Broken
Breed Bred Bred
Bring Brought Brought
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Broadcast Broadcast, broadcasted Broadcast, broadcasted

Burst Burst Burst
Buy Bought Bought
Cast Cast Cast
Catch Caught Caught
Chide Chided, child Chided, chidden
Choose Chose Chosen
Cleave Clove, cleft Cloven, cleft
Cling Clung Clung
Clothe Clothed, clad Clothed, clad
Come Came Come
Cost Cost Cost
Creep Crept Crept
Crow Crowed, crew Crowed, crew
Cut Cut Cut
Dare Dared, durst Dared, durst
Dig Dug Dug
Dive Dived Dived
Do Did Done
Draw Drew Drawn
Dream Dreamt Dreamt
Drink Drank Dreamt
Drive Drove Driven
Eat Ate Eaten
Fall Fell Fallen
Feed Fed Fed
Feel Felt Felt
Fight Fought Fought
Find Found Found
Flee Fled Fled
Fling Flung Flung
Fly Flew Flown
Forbear Forbore Forborne
Forbid Forbade Forbidden
Forecast Forecast Forecast
Foreknown Foreknew Foreknown
Foresee Foresaw Foreseen
Foretell Foretold Foretold
Forget Forgot Forgotten
Forgive Forgave Forgive
Forsake Forsook Forsaken
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Forswear Forswore Forsworn

Freeze Froze Frozen
Gainsay Gainsaid Gainsaid
Get Got Got
Gild Gilt Gilt
Gird Girded Girded
Give Gave Given
Go Went Gone
Grave Graved Graved
Grind Ground Ground
Grow Grew Grown
Hamstring Hamstringed Hamstringed
Hang Hung Hung
Have Had Had
Heave Heaved, Hove Heaved, Hove
Hew Hewed Hewed, Hewn
Hide Hid Hidden
Hit Hit Hit
Hold Held Held
Hurt Hurt Hurt
Inlay Inlaid Inlaid
keep Kept Kept
Kneel Knelt Knelt
knit Knitted Knitted
Know knew Known
lade laded Laden
Lay Laid Laid
Lead Led Led
Lean Leant Leant
Leap Leapt Leapt
Learn Learnt Learnt
Leave Left Left
Lend Lent Lent
Let Let Let
lie Lay Lain
Light Lighted Lighted
Lose Lost Lost
Make Made Made
Mean Meant Meant
Meet Met Met
Melt Melted Melted
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Miscast Miscast Miscast

Misdeal Misdealt Misdealt
Misgive Misgave Misgiven
Mislay Mislaid Mislaid
Mislead Misled Misled
Misspell Misspelt Misspelt
Misspend Misspent Misspent
Mistake Mistook Mistaken
Misunderstand Misunderstood Misunderstood
Mow Mowed Mowed
Outbid Outbid Outbid
Outdo Outdid Outdone
Outgo Outwent Outgone
Outgrow Outgrew Outgrown
Outride Outrode Outridden
Outran Outrun Outrun
Outshine Outshone Outshone
Overbear Overbore Overborne
Overcast Overcast Overcast
Overcome Overcame Overcome
Overdo Overdid Overdone
Overhang Overhung Overhung
Overhear Overheard Overheard
Overlay Overlaid Overlaid
Overleap Overleapt Overleapt
Overlie Overlay overlain
Override Overrode Overridden
Overrun Overran overrun
Oversee Oversaw Overseen
Overshoot Overshot Overshot
Oversleep Overslept Overslept
Overtake Overtook Overtaken
Overthrow Overthrew Overthrown
Partake Partook Partaken
Pay Paid Paid
Prove Proved Proved
Put Put Put
Quit Quit Quit
Read Read Read
Rebind Rebound Rebound
Recast Recast Recast
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Redo Redid Redone

Relay Relayed Relayed
Remake Remade Remade
Repay Repaid Repaid
Rerun Reran Rerun
Reset Reset Reset
Retell Retold Retold
Rewrite Rewrote Rewritten
Rid Rid Rid
Ride Rode Ridden
Ring Rang Rung
Rise Rose Risen
Rive Rived Rived
Run Ran Run
Saw Sawed Sawed
Say Said Said
See Saw Seen
Seek Sought Sought
Sell Sold Sold
Send Sent Sent
Set Set Set
Sew Sewed Sewed
Shake Shook Shaken
Shave Shaved Shaved
Shear Sheared Sheared
Shed Shed Shed
Shine Shone Shone
shoe Shod Shod
Shoot Shot Shot
Show Showed Showed
Shrink Shrank Shrunk
Shrive Shrove Shriven
Shut Shut Shut
Sing Sang Sung
Sink Sank Sunk
Sit Sat Sat
Slay Slew Slain
Slide Slid Slid
Sling Slung Slung
Slink Slunk Slunk
Slit Slit Slit
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Smite Smote Smitten

Sow Sowed Sowed
Speak Spoke Spoken
Speed Speeded Speeded
Spend Spent Spent
Spin Spun Spun
Spit Spat Spat
Split Split Split
Spoil Spoiled Spoiled
Spread Spread Spread
Spring Sprang Sprung
Stand Stood Stood
Stave Staved Staved
Steal Stole Stolen
Stick Stuck Stuck
Sting Stung Stung
Stink Stank Stunk
Strew Strewed Strewed
Stride Strode Stridden
Strike Struck Struck
String Strung Strung
Strive Strove Striven
Swear Swore Sworn
Sweep Swept Swept
Swell Swelled Swelled
Swim Swam Swum
Swing Swung Swung
Take Took Taken
Teach Taught Taught
Tear Tore Torn
Tell Told Told
Think Thought Thought
Thrive Throve Thriven
Throw Threw Thrown
Thrust Thrust Thrust
Thread Trod Trodden
Unbend Unbent Unbent
Unbind Unbound Unbound
Underbid Underbid Underbid
Undergo Underwent Undergone
Understand Understood Understood
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Undertake Undertook Undertaken

Undo Undid Undone
Upset Upset Upset
Wake Woke Woken
Waylay Waylaid Waylaid
Wear Wore Worn
Weave Wove Woven
Weep Wept Wept
Win Won Won
Wind Wound Wound
Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn
Withhold Withheld Withheld
Withstand Withstood Withstood
Work Worked Worked
Wring Wrung Wrung
Write Wrote Written

Worksheet
Rule 1:
‫اور‬meal ‫کے بغیر استعمال نہیں کرتےاس کے لیے اگر کسی‬object‘‫ ’کو‬Enjoy ‫استعمال ہوتا ہے‬Reflexive Pronoun ‫کے‬
‫بعد‬Verbs‫کچھ‬
‫نہیں لگاتے۔‬Reflexive pronoun ‫کرنے کی بات ہو تو پھر‬enjoy ‫ کو‬activity
She absent from the meeting
You availed the chance
They resigned to the given idea
He enjoys himself his food
I went there and enjoyed myself

Rule 2:
‫استعمال نہیں ہوتا ہے۔‬Reflexive pronoun ‫کے بعد‬Verbs‫درج ذیل‬
Hide, stop, steal, make, bathe, qualify, break, open, spread, feed, gather, enlist, draw, rest, turn, and
lengthen
He hid himself in the bushes
You will qualify yourself as a door
They kept away themselves from bad
company
She has stopped herself from going there
Rule 3: