Module 7

Module 7.
Direction means giving the order to

Management Function: DIRECTING start the operation for the
implementations of a policy or plan. It
Directing, defined. is the managerial effort that is applied
This phase’s functions usually entail for guiding and inspiring the working
human resource management team to make better
responsibilities, such as motivating, accomplishments in the
managing conflict, delegating, organizations, so it includes the
communicating and facilitating necessary guidance and instructions
collaboration. Directing is said to be a for carrying out the order given, and
process in which the managers instruct, the removal of any doubts or
guide and oversee the performance of difficulties which may arise in the
the workers to achieve predetermined course of execution or
goals. Planning, organizing, staffing has implementation.
got no importance if direction function
does not take place.
Direction is concerned with seeking
fullest cooperation of the personnel
In describing the functions of
for the realization of collective
management, Fayol stated that the
purpose of economic objectives of
manager must know
organizations and it is also concerned
how to handle people and must be
with fulfilling the needs of the
able to defend his or her point of view
subordinates like physiological needs,
with confidence and enthusiasm. The
protective needs, social needs and
manager learns continuously and
egoistic needs.
educates people at all levels for
success in their assigned tasks.
Basic Principles in Directing.
Fayol stated that command occurs
• Communications - It is one way.
when the manager gets “the
The manager speaks, employees
optimum return from all employees of
listen and react. The only
his unit in the interest of the whole
feedback managers ask for is - "Do
concern. To do this, the manager
you understand what needs to be
must know the personnel, eliminate
done?"
the incompetent, be well-versed in
• Goal-Setting - The manager
the blinding agreements with
establishes short-term goals with
employees, set a good example,
specific deadlines.
conduct periodic audits, confer with
• Decision-Making - The manager
chief assistants to focus on unity of
makes most if not all decisions.
direction, not become mired in
When problems arise the manager
detail; and have as a goal, unity,
evaluates options, makes
energy, initiative, and loyalty among
decisions and directs employees
employees.
as to what actions to take.
Nature of Direction
• Providing Feedback - The
manager provides candid,
detailed instructions as to what Leadership is the ability of an
changes the employee needs to individual or a group of individuals to
make. influence and guide followers or other
• Rewards and Recognition - members of an organization.
Managers reward and recognize
people for following directions.
Elements of Directing
The directing functions of the
manager include the following:
1. Delegation
2. Supervision
3. Leadership
4. Motivation
5. Communication
6. Coordination
7. Orientation
Delegation
Ø Select the right person to whom
the job is to be delegated. Some Leadership Theories:
Ø Delegate both interesting and (1) The Great Man Theory
uninteresting tasks. Set forth the premise that certain
Ø Provide subordinates with enough people are born to be leaders,
time to learn. having inherited a set of innate
Ø Delegate gradually. characteristics that endow with
Ø Delegate in advance. unique ability to lead others. This
Ø Consult before delegating theory grew because the ability to
Ø Avoid gaps and overlaps lead others was often seen to royal
and prominent families. Others e not
Supervision allowed to become leaders; a fact
“supervise” comes from the word that also helps explain its demise.
“supervide” which means to oversee Currently, most people do not
or view directly. It means personally accept the idea that an individual is
observing a function or activity, born to lead.
providing leadership in the process of
nursing care, delegating functions or (2) Trait or Attribute Theory
activities while retaining the Evolve from great man theory of
accountability, evaluating and leadership when soil and economic
ensuring that the nursing care barriers no longer prevented
provided is adequate and delivered members of the general public from
appropriately. occupying leadership roles.
Leadership
Motivation 2. Enhances collaborative efforts
Motivation is the process that initiates, resulting in efficient, smooth
guides, and maintains goal-oriented and harmonious flow of work
behaviors. It is what causes you to 3. Prevents overlapping of
act, whether it is getting a glass of functions, promotes good
water to reduce thirst or reading a working relationships and work
book to gain knowledge. Motivation schedules are accomplished
involves the biological, emotional, as targeted
social, and cognitive forces that 4. Convey clearly defined
activate behavior. polices, standard operating
procedures, policies and
Communication guidelines using the proper
The word communication comes channels of communication.
from the Latin word communis two-
way process by which information Authority and Power
exchanged between or among Authority occurs when a person who
individuals through a common system has been given the right to delegate
of symbols, signs and behavior. Chitty and an official power from an
(2001) defines communication as the agency to delegate.
complex exchange of thoughts,
ideas, or information on at least two Power is the ability to do, act or
levels: verbal and nonverbal. produce; the ability to control others;
• Verbal Communication- the an authority, sway, or influence.
transmission of ideas, opinions, Power is not a static phenomenon; it
feelings, emotions or attitudes can change and shift, increase or
through the use of words. Ex: decrease.
comments, question, reactions
• Nonverbal Communication- refers Forms of power
to the sending of messages to v Reward power - obtained by the
another person utilizing methods ability to grant favors or reward
or means other than words. Ex: others with whatever they value.
facial expression, gesture, eye v Punishment or coercive power.
contact. The opposite of reward power, is
based on fear of punishment if the
Coordination manager’s expectations are not
Fayol defined coordination as met. The manager may obtain
creating harmony among all compliance through threats
activities to facilitate the working and (often implied) of transfer, layoff,
success of the unit. demotion, or dismissal. The
manager who shuns or ignores an
employee is exercising power
Principles in COORDINATION. through punishment; as is the
1. Unites personnel and services manager who berates or belittles
toward a common objective an employee.
v Legitimate power. Is also called 2. Gather data to analyze the
position power. Authority also is causes and consequences of the
called legitimate power. It is the problem.
power gained by a title or official 3. Explore alternative solutions.
position within an organization. 4. Evaluate the alternatives.
Legitimate power has inherent in it 5. Select the appropriate solution.
the ability to create feelings of 6. Implement the solution.
obligation or responsibility. 7. Evaluate the results.
v Expert power
• Is gained through knowledge,
expertise, or experience.
• Having critical knowledge
allows a manager to gain
power over others who need
that knowledge. This type of
power is limited to a
specialized area. For example,
someone with vast expertise in
music would be powerful only
in that area, not in another
specialization.
v Referent power
• A power a person has because
others identify with that leader
or with what that leader
symbolizes.
• People may also develop
referent power because others
perceive them as powerful. This
perception could be based on
personal charisma, the way the
leader talks or acts, the
organization to which he or she
belongs, or the people with
whom he or she associates.
Problem Solving
Problem Solving is part of decision
making, a systemic process that
focuses on analyzing a difficult
situation.
1. Identify the problem.

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Module 7.

Direction means giving the order to

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