Distance between two points

magnitude of a vector Direction Angles (Theorem

(V1 =
v
2
+ v2* + V32
)GB(42 Y2)
=Y =
2D
=
= A(u Y ,
cosx cosB CSU
, , ,

d (A , B) = (uc - u , ) + (y2 y , ) - unit vector

u = U

14/ cross product (vector product)

3D = A(u ,, y 1,
2, ) GB(U2 ,
42 22) ,

ij
d(A , B) =
)(uz -
x, ) + (y2 y )2 + (22- 2)
-
,
vector determined by the length and
uXV =

U , 42 Us
angle
VI Va V3
v = <V ,, V2) 2D space IVI cos O Sin 0)
v =
,
= IVI Cos Oi +

<V ,, Vc I VIsino ; Area of

v =
, Vg) 3D space parallelogram

Area = 1uxvl
Arithmetic operation on vector (Theorem)
Dot product u .
V =
0 Corthogonal)/
>V parallel
v =
,
Va , V3) W = SW Wa , Wa] volume of parallelogram
, , (4
u=
,, 42 ,
Uz]
(a) V+ w = ( V ,+W volume = (u (v xw))
.

,, vz + Wa Vz + wz)
, v = SV, Va Vz]
, ,

(b) V w = V, w ,, Vz Wa Vz Wz]
- -
-
-

u V
(C)kV (kV ,, KV2 =
.
= u,V + 4zVz + 43V
KVg) ,
,

Vector with initial point not

at the origin (Theorem Angle between rector

P, (X, , Y1 , 2,) ,
42 (X2 , Ya , 22)
Cos 0 = U . V

14/IVI
P, P2 =
(4z -
u
,, Ya y1 -

,
22 2 , )
-
(d) = - i and 5 = 7i + 2j- 3k (6) Express each of the following rector (7) Let = 4i-3 ; -7 = 5: + 24 and
= 3: + 7j -
51

in standard basis vectors term

1 1 03 Find
a = 0 and find the unit rector . the
following operation
-

, , :

b = (7 2 ,
-
3)
,

(c) v = 26 , 8
,
1) (c) 1 -
31 + 511
2 = 2) - 1
,
0, 07 = > -
2 ,
0
,
07 -
3
Gi +
8j + k = -
3(41 -
3 , - 7) 191 = /5 ,
0, 271
121 = k -
2 , 0, 0) =
(2)+ 0270 = < - 12
, 9 21)
,
146 , 8 13
1v1 = , = 14 -
12 9 , 217/
=
29
= 2 ,

- =
101 =
34

unit rector = 6 S 1
5)5/
-

+
i 1+ K =
374 29
b - 2 = (7 ,
2
,
-
3) -
24 1 -

,
0
,
0 101 ~
101
-
101 N
+
-
(7 , 3) 0) - = 52 733 .

=
2 2 0
- -
-

, , ,

(a 3)
(a) I 21 1
=
2
(d)v =34
-

,
, -
2 9) -
+
, ,

1b 2a)
-
=
19 , 2 , 3)/ -

4i (5 0 2) 234 3 7) IrFK3 , 7 571

2j + 9k
- - -
-

, , , , ,

=
(9)2+ (2)+ ( 3)2
=
-

(v) = 1<4 , - 2, 97/ = (5 0 27 -

98 , -6 ,
-147 3
, ,

=
42 +) 2)2+(9)2
94
-
=

= ( -
3, 6
,
16)
= 101

= / 3, 6 -

,
1671 =
301
9
4 2 -
-

+ K
-
1
Nol N
S
10 ~ 101 ~

301 +
83
=

= 26 46 .
 (d)u 3i k
(8) If vector 4i 6j + 5kandv
=
u = zi + j + 3 k and (13) Find the value of b when the
= -
-

d of product ofu = Si +
7j + 51
v = i -
9k ,
find u.v and v = < - 2
,
3 , b) is -

45. u V
-
= (4)(3) + ( 6)(0) -
+ (5)( 17 -

u v .
= (2)(1) + (1)(0) + (3)) -

9) u v . = (8)( 2) + -

(7)(3) + (5)(b) = -
45 = 7

=
25 16 + 21 + 5b (4) 42 + 2 6)2 + 152 77
-
=
=
45 =
-
-

-
5b = -
50
(10) Calculate the dot product of b = - 10 (v) =
(3)2 + 101+ 1 12 - = 10
-
u = <3 -
7 7) and v = < 3,-
2
, 67
, ,

7
u -
v =
(3)( 3) + -
( 7)(2)
-

+ (7)(6) cos0 =

(14) Calculate the angle between the (7) (No)

=
19 following rector and approximate
/
to the nearest degree
(12) Find the value of a, when the 0 = 75 .
398
(b) < 2 4 1) (7 , 4 , 47
dot product
=
of u =
-j + 10k and u = -

,
v

750
, ,

v = (1 a 5) is 62
0 =

, ,
u V
. = ( -
2)(7) + (4)(4) + (1)(4)
= 6 (15) What is the value of u .
V if (4) = 4
,
IV1 =
u -v = (0)(1) + ( -
1)(a) + (10)(5) = 62

(4) =
( 2(2 + (4)2 + (172 and the angle between and V is
t
-

u
-
a + 50 = 62 > 135
=
u V

2π
-
a = 12 =
.

(v) =
72 + 42 + 42 (4)(3)
a = -
12

- 9
= y V
. =
28 .
27/1620

=
4 V
cos0
.

cos 0 =

141/VI cos 1350 = U .

V

0 =
81 638 (4)(3)
,9(9)0
.

100
= =
82 u V =
.
-

62