A Strong Partner for Sustainable Development

Module
in
GE 4

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND

SOCIETY

College of Criminal Justice Education

Bachelor of Science in Criminology
 Module No. 3

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY AND

THE HUMAN CONDITION

1st Semester AY 2023-2024

REYMOND C. ABAÑO
INSTRUCTOR

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 Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------5
Chapter 1
Title of the Chapter: ------------------------------------------------------------5
Overview ------------------------------------------------------------5
Learning Outcomes ------------------------------------------------------------5
Pre-test -------------------------------------------------------------6
Lesson 1/2
A. Time Allotment ---------------------------------------------------------6
B. Discussion ----------------------------------------------------------7-14
C. Activities/Exercises ---------------------------------------------------------15
D. Evaluation/Post-test---------------------------------------------------------15

References---------------------------------------------------------------------------------15

INSTRUCTION TO THE USER

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 This module would provide you an educational experience while independently
accomplishing the task at your own pace or time. It aims as well to ensure that learning is
unhampered by health and other challenges. It covers the topic about SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY AND THE HUMAN CONDITION

Reminders in using this module:

1. Keep this material neat and intact.

2. Answer the pre test first to measure what you know and what to be learned about
the topic discussed in this module.
3. Accomplish the activities and exercises as aids and reinforcement for better
understanding of the lessons.
4. Answer the post-test to evaluate your learning.
5. Do not take pictures in any parts of this module nor post it to social media
platforms.
6. Value this module for your own learning by heartily and honestly answering and
doing the exercises and activities. Time and effort were spent in the preparation in
order that learning will still continue amidst this Covid-19 pandemic.
7. Observe health protocols: wear mask, sanitize and maintain physical distancing.

Hi! I’m Blue Bee, your WPU Mascot.

Welcome to Western Philippines University!

Shape your dreams with quality learning experience.

STAY SAFE AND HEALTHY!

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INTRODUCTION
This lesson will discuss the contributions of science and Technology have been laid down
thoroughly. Every discovery, innovation, and success contributes to our pool of human knowledge,
Perhaps one of the most prevalent themes is human’s perpetual need to locate himself in the world
by findings proofs to trace evolution. The business of uncovering the secrets of the universe
answers the question of our existence and provides us something to look forward to. Having a
particular role, which is uniquely ours, elicits our idea of self-importance. It is in this regard that
human flourishing is deeply intertwined with goal setting relevant as a tool in achieving the former
or echoing statement, Technology is a human activity that we excel in as a result of achieving
science. Suffice to say that the end goals of both science and technology and human flourishing are
related, in that the good is inherently related to the truth. The following are two concepts which
Ventures its claim on truth.

Chapter 2
Science, Technology, and the Human Condition
Overview
This module will make the students enlightened that the technology is the main reason why life is
getting easier to cope up in the world of generation XYZ. A builder of surrounding that is capable
to connect in the trials of the world, a way that creates future for the young generation that will
enhance the capability of doing things which is incomparable to the world of work in order to gain
a competitive type of future that is essential in our daily lives.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
A. Determine the development of the scientific method and validity of science.
B. Critic human flourishing vis avis progress of science and technology to be able to define for
themselves the meaning of a good life.
C. Explain the concept of human condition before science technology;
D. Identify the change that happened in human condition after science and technology; and
E. Name ways on how technology aided in revealing the truth about the human being.
F. Examine what is meant by a good life;
G. Identify how humans attempt to attain what deemed to be a good life; and
H. Recognize possibilities available to human being to attain good life.
I. Know the different technological advancements in society;
J. Discuss the development of science and technology in the Philippines;
K. Discuss the effects of the interplay between technology and humanity through the
dilemma(s they face.

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Pre-test
Direction: Choose the best answer and write the letter only
What skill is used by a scientist when he/she listens to the sounds that are produced by whales?
A. Interpreting data B. Making observations C. Drawing conclusions D. Making a
hypothesis
___2. What is the correct order of the steps in the scientific method?
A. Ask a question, analyze results, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, draw conclusions,
communicate results.
B. Ask a question, make a hypothesis, test hypothesis, draw conclusions, analyze results,
communicate results.
C. Make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze the results, ask a question, draw
conclusions, communicate results.
D. Ask questions, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze results, draw conclusions,
communicate results.
___3. Which of the following hypotheses is written correctly?
A. If frozen tennis balls will not bounce as high. B. If I heat up a tennis ball it will
bounce high.
C. If I freeze a tennis ball, then it will not bounce as high. D. If a tennis ball is frozen, it will
not bounce as high as one that is not frozen.
___4. A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of water
affects the number of plants that can live in the water. Which is the independent variable?
A. Water B. Temperature of the water C. Amount of salt in the water D. Number of
plants in the water
___5. A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of water
affects the number of plants that can live in the water. In this experiment, which is the dependent
variable?
A. Water B. Temperature of the water
C. Amount of salt in the water D. Number of plants in the water
___6. What is the last step in scientific method?
A. Writing report B. Collecting data C. Drawing conclusions D. Analyzing
data
___7. Why is experiment important?
A. helps create jobs for scientists. B. creates more questions to be
answered.
C. ensures that many tools are used safely and accurately. D. allows for new discoveries
and knowledge in science.
___8. Why is Scientific Method an important process in doing experiments?
A. It takes more work but it is worth it.
B. It helps the experiment to take longer and be better.
C. It ensures that the people doing the experiments are scientific
D. It ensures that the results can be trusted and repeated.
___9. What skill is involved when you use fine senses to gather information?
A. Developing hypothesis B. Posing questions C. . Observing D. Designing
experiments
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___10. Which step that follows formulating and objectively testing hypotheses?
A. Interpreting results B. Conducting experiments

C. Stating conclusions D. Making observations and collecting data

Time Allotment

Suggested time allotment: 2 Weeks

DISCUSSION

Science as method and results

 Observe and determine if there are unexplained occurrences unfolding.

 Determine the problem and identify factors involved.
 Through past knowledge of similar instance, formulate hypothesis that could explain
the said phenomenon. Ideally the goal is to reject the null hypothesis and accept the
alternative hypothesis for the study ”to count as significant’’ (can also be separate dto
additional step such as ‘’ to generate prediction’’ to infer from past experiments.
 Conduct Experiment by setting up dependent and independent variables, and trying to
see how independent ones affect dependent ones.
 Gather and analyze results throughout and upon culmination of the experiment.
Examine if the data gathered are significant enough to conclude results
 Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation in case others would want to
broaden the study.
 Verification theory
The earliest criterion that distinguishes philosophy and science is verification
theory. The idea purposes that a discipline is science if it can be confirmed or
interpreted in the event of an alternative hypothesis being accepted. In that
regard, said theory gives premium to empiricism and only takes into account
those results which are measurable and experiments are repeatable.
 Falsification theory
Asserts that as long as an ideology is not proven to be false and can be explain a
phenomenon over alternative theories, we should accept the said ideology
 Science as a social endeavour
 Science and results
 Science as Education

Human flourishing is defined as being “good spirit’’ in the classical Aristotelian notion. Humans
generally have a notion on what it means to flourish; albeit in the advent of science and technology,
they chose to hinge their ends alongside the latter results. While it is true that science equips its
knowers some details about the world, its main claim to objectivity and systematic methodology is at
the very least flawed. However, that does not stop institutions to favour those who excel in said
discipline. Finally, the economic perception of enrichment, otherwise known as growth, is heavily
fuelled by technology and should be impeded. We have to rethink of our perception of a good life
apart from one presented in this regard.

Technology as a way of revealing

Comparing the lives of the people before and now will make anyone realize the changes that
happened in society not just in terms of culture, language, or rights but more importantly, changes in
people’s way of life due to the existence of science and technology.
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Below are some of the notable comparisons then and now;

1. Mortality rate
2. Average Lifespan
3. Literacy Rate
4. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

 Technology is not the same as, not equivalent to the essence of technology

 “the essence of technology is by no means anything technological”

 But, and here Heidegger invokes Rousseau, indirectly to be sure:

 “Everywhere we remain unfree and chained to technology”

 This constraint is true “whether we passionately affirm or deny it”

 But we are delivered over to it in the worst possible way when we regard it as something
neutral”

 According to traditional philosophy, we can ask the question of essence by asking “what”
something is.

 Technology is

 a means to an end – Instrumental definition

 a human activity -- Anthropological definition

Controlling Technology

 We seek to master technology

 I.e., as Heidegger says, we seek to “’get’ technology ‘spiritually in hand.’ … The will to
mastery becomes all the more urgent the more technology threatens to slip from human
control.”

 This is problematic in the event (and Heidegger will defend this point) that technology
might be something other than a “mere means”

 We need a free relation to technology

 And we can seek the true by way of the correct.

 The setting upon characteristic of modern technology challenges forth the energy of nature
as an expediting in two ways

 And the economic: maximum yield, minimum expense demands stockpiling

 The challenging claim which gathers man thither to order the self-revealing (this would be
nature) in the mode or guise of so much “standing reserve”

 This becomes the way on which we are embarked: “our destiny”

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 Because the essence of technology is nothing technological, essential reflection upon
technology and decisive confrontation with it must happen in a realm that is, one the one
hand, akin to the essence of technology and, on the other, fundamentally different from it.

 Such a realm is art. But only if reflection upon art, for its part, does not shut its eyes to the
constellation of truth, concerning which we are questioning… For questioning is the piety of
thought.

Science and technology has been part of human activity since beginning of our species. It
has aided us in survival and helped us outsmart our adversaries, provided us comfortable
living, allowed us to explore the world, and assisted us in discovering more about ourselves and
the truth. However, it also leads us to a paradox in which we are only able to see the world in
the lenses of technological innovation. In our pursuit of growth, we had conveniently forgotten
that technology only presents one approach in viewing the world. This forgetfulness leads us to
evaluate objects as consumable or not-transcending to other human beings, Determining their
capacity to be productive. Our Evaluation of things become one dimensional, geared toward
production of goods for more consumption, which we believe would lead us to the good life.
This is only one conception of technology, as Heidegger also proposed that technology is what
humans do. Advancements in the fields expose us to previously predicaments, effectively
helping us to reveal our own natures and enforcing ones perspective in finding the truth. Now
that it is acknowledged, we can try and divert our search to other approaches.

Happiness as the goal of a good life

 Materialism
 Hedonism
 Stoicism
 Theism
 Humanism

Man is constantly in pursuit of the good life. Every person has his perspective when it comes to
what comprises the good life. Throughout history, man has worked hard in pointing out what
amounts to a good, happy life. Some people like the classical theorists thought that happiness has to
do with the insides of the human person. The soul, as the seat of our humanity, has been the focus of
attention of this end goal. The soul has to attain a certain balance in order to have a good life, a life
of flourishing. It was only until the seventeenth century that happiness became a centerpiece in the
lives of people, even becoming a full blown ethical foundation in John Stuarts Mill’s utilitarism. At
present, we see multitudes of schools of thought that all promise their own key to findings
happiness. Science and technology has been, for the most part, at the forefront of mans attemps at
findings this happiness. The only question at the end of the day is whether science is taking the right
path toward attaining what it really means to live a good life.

WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY CROSS

 Intelligent Environments are aimed at improving the inhabitants’ experience and task
performance
1. Automate functions in the home
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 2. Provide services to the inhabitants
 Decisions coming from the decision maker(s) in the environment have to be executed.
1. Decisions require actions to be performed on devices
2. Decisions are frequently not elementary device interactions but rather relatively complex

commands
3. Decisions define set points or results that have to be achieved
4. Decisions can require entire tasks to be performed

 Robot Manipulators

Robots for Intelligent Environments

 Service Robots
 Security guard
 Delivery
 Cleaning
 Mowing
 Assistance Robots
 Mobility
 Services for elderly and People with disabilities

Robot Navigation
 Path planning addresses the task of computing a trajectory for the robot such that it reaches
the desired goal without colliding with obstacles.
 Optimal paths are hard to compute in particular for robots that can not move in arbitrary
directions (i.e. nonholonomic robots).
 Shortest distance paths can be dangerous since they always graze obstacles.
 Paths for robot arms have to take into account the entire robot (not only the end effector).

Sensor-Driven Robot Control

 To accurately achieve a task in an intelligent environment, a robot has to be able to react
dynamically to changes on its surrounding.
 Robots need sensors to perceive the environment
 Most robots use a set of different sensors
 Different sensors serve different purposes
 Information from sensors has to be integrated into the control of the robot

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Human-Robot Interaction in Intelligent Environments

 Personal service robot

 Controlled and used by untrained users
 Intuitive, easy to use interface
 Interface has to “filter” user input
 Eliminate dangerous instructions
 Find closest possible action
 Receive only intermittent commands
 Robot requires autonomous capabilities
 User commands can be at various levels of complexity
 Control system merges instructions and autonomous operation
 Interact with a variety of humans
 Humans have to feel “comfortable” around robots
 Robots have to communicate intentions in a natural way

Social" Robot Interactions

 Advantages:
 Robots that look human and that show “emotions” can make interactions more “natural”
 Humans tend to focus more attention on people than on objects
 Humans tend to be more forgiving when a mistake is made if it looks “human”
 Robots showing “emotions” can modify the way in which humans interact with them
 Problems:
 How can robots determine the right emotion?
 How can “emotions” be expressed by a robot?
 Robots are an important component in Intelligent Environments
o Automate devices
o Provide physical services
 Robot Systems in these environments need particular capabilities
o Autonomous control systems
o Simple and natural human-robot interface
o Adaptive and learning capabilities
o Robots have to maintain safety during operation
 While a number of techniques to address these requirements exist, no functional,
satisfactory solutions have yet been developed
o Only very simple robots for single tasks in intelligent environments exist

Law one
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to
come to harm.

Law two
A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders
would conflict with first law.

Law three
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict
with the first or second law.

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ACTIVITY TIME

NOTE: USE YELLOW PAPER TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

EACH QUESTION MUST BE ANSWER WITH 20 SENTENCES ABOVE

NOT FOLLOWING THE RULES IS A CRIME FOR YOUR GRADES AND TO YOUR
FUTURE

1. Is our reverence of science justified? Explain?

2. Were we successful so far in trying to tie down technology with what we conceive as a
human flourishing?
3. What do you think constitutes human flourishing?
4. What would have happened to humankind if technology did not exist?
5. Do you agree with Martin Heidegger in his idea that technology should only be seen as
one of the approaches in perceiving truth? What are other possible approaches we
should consider?
6. What is Good Life in Relation with technology?
7. What is the relationship between the good life and science?
8. Does technology always lead us to the good life? How and why?
9. Should there be a limit to technological advancements?
10. Do Technological Devices bring more good or bad to people?
11. Do people really need technology in their lives? Is it really a necessity?
12. How do you reconcile the need for technology and the dilemma/s it faces?
13. How would you connect Robotics to Humanity?
14. Compare the human condition before common era to present use a diagram to show
answer.
15. What is your perception about SCIENCE AS METHOD AND RESULTS in connection
with scientific method?

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

State a brief history or discovery that brought about invention or discovery of things
stated below. State their contributions in our scientific development.

a. Gravity
b. Telescope
c. Processed food
d. Microscope
e. Radio
f. Benzene Ring
g. Large Hadron Collider
h. Guns
i. Internet
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 j. Cell phones
k. Penicilin
l. Airplanes
m. Computer
n. Thermometer
o. Hygrometer
p. Seismograph
q. Prism

EVALUATION

In a ¼ illustration board create a poster that will show the connection of robotics, Science,
technology, community and to the world and make an explanation about the product that you’ve
done then write it to a whole bond paper paste it at the back.

Avoid writing on any parts of the module.

GOD HAS A GREAT PLAN TO YOUR LIFE. TRUST HIM!

References

www. Scirev.com.ph
Cradle of civilization.com.ph
Science,technology and society by Janica Patria Javier Serafica, Greg Tabios Pawilen,
Bernardo Nicolas Caslib, Jr, Eden Joy Pator Alata
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 Congratulations for completing this module!

Student’s Information

Name:
Program:
Year and Section:
Contact No.:
E-mail address:
Facebook Account:
Messenger Account:

For inquires contact:)09076832430/ Reymond C. Abano at messenger

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 Vision 2020
WPU: the leading knowledge center for sustainable
Development of West Philippines and beyond.

Mission 2020
WPU commits to develop quality human resource and green
technologies for a dynamic economy and sustainable
development through relevant instruction,
research and extension services.

Core Values (3CT)

Culture of Excellence
Commitment
Creativity
Teamwork

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WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)