Enrollment No: 202203103510471 Date:

Practical-4
Aim
To perform a practical to provide static routing to router.

Software Used
1. Cisco Packet Tracer (7.0)
2. Ubuntu (16.04 LTS)Operating System

Description
Step 1: create topology shown below using appropite pc,switchs, routers and
CST or CCO wires.

Network 6.0

Network 4.0

Network 5.0

Figure 1: Topology for practical 4

Step 2:Configurate both router by entering this commands in CLI of router.

For router0:

1. en
2. config t
3. hostname shivangpatel
4. int gigabitEthernet 0/0
5. ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0

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6. no shut
7. int gigabitEthernet 0/1
8. ip address 192.168.6.1
255.255.255.0 9. no shut.
For router1:

1. en
2. config t
3. hostname shivang
4. int gigabitEthernet 0/0/0
5. ip address 192.168.5.1
255.255.255.0
6. no shut
7. int gigabitEthernet 0/0/1
8. ip address 192.168.6.2
255.255.255.0
9. no shut.

Figure 2: router0’s configuration

As, we can see in figure 2 you we have to configure router1 also.

Step 3: Now , After assigning ip address to nodes of router it’s time to assign ip address to all
PCs.
We have already done it so many time so now do it yourself.

Step 4: After ip address assignation process completes it’s time to provide static routing to
both routers.
For router0 (host name: shivangpatel):

• ip route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0

192.168.6.2
For roter1(hostname: shivangpatel1):

• ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0

192.168.6.1

Figure 3: Giving static routing

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Step 5:
Static routing process is now completed it’s time to check result.

Figure 4: Final result

Task completed successfully

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Figure 5: ping function for PC0

Results and Conclusion

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Enrollment No: 202203103510471

Practical - 5
Aim
To perform a practical to create a Topology and configure RIP routing Protocol

Software Used
1. Cisco Packet Tracer (7.00)
2. Ubuntu (16.04 LTS) Operating System

Description
Step 1: Create topology as shown in 1using appropriate devices & connection wires.
figure

Figure 1: Basic Topology

Step 2:Now, As you can see in figure 1 we have to configure routers to provide ip addre

Configure router 1 using this commands:

• Enable
• Cofig t
• Hostname (shivangpatel1,shivangpatel2)
• Int gigabitEthernet 0/0

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• Ip address 192.168.5.1
• 255.255.255.0 No shut
• Int gigabitEthernet 0/1
• Ip address 192.168.7.1
• 255.255.255.0 No shut

Figure 2: CLI of router 0 Figure 3: CLI of router 1

Follow the same process for Router2. You have to just replace ip addresses
192.168.5.1 with 192.168.6.1 & 192.168.7.1 with 192.168.7.2.

Step 3:After providing ip address to all nodes it’s time to provide routing

information to router. Follow this commands to provide RIP to router.

• Rip
• Network 192.168.5.0
• Network 192.168.7.0
.
.
• N number of networks connected to router.

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Figure 4: provide RIP to router0 Figure 5: provide RIP to router1

Step 4: provide ip Address, subnet mask and default gateway to all devices according to
their network.

Figure 6: provide ip address to pc0

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Step 5: experiment is completed now it’s time to see the results.

Figure 7: ping command of device 192.168.5.2

Figure 8: final result

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Results and Conclusion

• Created a topology comprising three different networks

• Configured the interfaces of the two routers using Command Line Interface (CLI)
• Configured Routing Information Protocol (RIP) in the two routers
• Statically configured the six PC and provided them with default gateway router IP
address
• Tested the connectivity of the overall topology by running ping command at each PC
Learned how to create a wired topology using router, switch, and PC. The topology is
successfully running and all the PCs are able to communication with each other.

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 Enrollment No: 202203103510471

PRACTICAL– 6
AIM: To perform a practical to create a topology and configure OSPF
routing protocol.
➢ Software Used
✓ Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.1
✓ Windows 11 Home Single Language Operating System
➢
Description
Step 01. From Device type Selection box, Select End device, now select two generic device and
drag & drop to workspace for network 1 in shown in figure 1. Do this same for network 2

✓ as shown in below figure 1.

Select two switches and drag & drop to workspace as shown below in figure 1.
✓ Select two Router and drag & drop to workspace and connect both switch to router with
help of Copper Straight Through Cable to Routers GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 and
GigabitEthernet 0/0/1.
✓ Now Connect both Router with help of Copper CrossOver Cable GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
✓ and GigabitEthernet 0/0/1.
Now, connect server with switches as shown in figure 1.

(Figure 1: Created Topology)

✓
Step 02. Now Click on Server0 and Open Desktop menu then click on IP Configuration.
Now, Assign Static IP Address 192.168.1.2
✓ Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway 192.168.1.1 to Server0 as shown in Figure 2.
Step 03.✓ Now Open services tab and select DHCP, and Change
Start IP Address 192.168.1.3
✓ Maximum Number of Users 253, then Click on Services ON and click on Save as
shown in Figure 3.

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(Figure 2: Assigning IP to Server0)

(Figure 3: Turning ON DHCP Services on Server0)

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✓
Step 04. Now Click on Server1 and Open Desktop menu then click on IP Configuration.

✓ Now, Assign Static IP Address 192.168.2.2, Subnet mask 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway 192.168.2.1 to Server1 as shown in Figure 4.

(Figure 4: Assigning IP to Server1)

✓
Step 05. Now Open services tab and select DHCP, and Change

✓ Start IP Address 192.168.2.3

Maximum Number of Users 253, then Click on Services ON and click on Save as shown
in Figure 5.

(Figure 5: Turning ON DHCP Services on Server1)

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✓
Step 06. Click on Router0, open CLI.
✓ Run Enable for enabling router.

✓ Run (int gigabitEthernet 0/0/0) command for selecting gigabit port.

✓ Run (ip addresss 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0) for selecting IP of 0/0/0 port.

Run no shut, then exit command as shown in figure 6.
Step 07. Now,
✓ Run (int gigabitEthernet 0/0/1) command for selecting gigabit port.
✓ Run (ip addresss 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0) for selecting IP of 0/0/1 port.
✓ Run no shut, then exit command as shown in figure 6.
Now,
✓
Step 08.
Run (router ospf 1 then network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 then
network 192.168.3.0
0.0.0.255 area 0) command.

(Figure 6: Configuring router0 with router1 and switch0)

✓
Step 09. Click on Router1, open CLI.

✓ Run Enable for enabling router.

Run (int gigabitEthernet 0/0/0) command for selecting gigabit port.
✓ Run (ip addresss 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0) for selecting IP of 0/0/0 port.

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✓ Run no shut, then exit command as shown in figure 7.

Step 10.✓
Now,
Run (int gigabitEthernet 0/0/1) command for selecting gigabit port.
Run (ip addresss 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0) for selecting IP of
✓ 0/0/1 port. Run no shut, then exit command as shown in figure 7.
Now,
✓
Step 11. Run (router ospf 2 then network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.3.0
then 0.0.0.255 area 0) command.
✓

(Figure 7: Configuring router1 with router0 and switch1)

Step Now, open all pc of network 1 and network 2, and you can see the DHCP IP was
already assigned to that pc as shown in figure 9.
12. Click on any PC of network 1 and open Desktop then Command prompt, type
ping 192.168.1.4(Destination Address) as shown in figure 10. If you get 0% lost
Step in packet transferring then topology is successful.

13.

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(Figure 9: DHCP IP Assigned to network’s PC)

(Figure 10: PING CMD)

➢ Results
Two end devices (generic devices) have been selected and placed in Network 1 and
✓ Network 2.

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✓ Two switches have been added to each network.

✓ Two routers have been placed and connected to the switches using Copper Straight
Through Cables.

✓ The routers have been interconnected using Copper Crossover Cables.

Servers have been connected to switches.
Static IP addresses have been assigned to Server0 (192.168.1.2) and Server1
✓ (192.168.2.2)
with corresponding subnet masks and default gateways.
✓ DHCP services have been configured on both servers with appropriate start IP
addresses and
maximum number of users.
✓ Router0 has been configured with appropriate IP addresses on its interfaces,
enabled OSPF,
✓ and added network statements.
Router1 has been configured similarly to Router0.
DHCP IPs have been successfully assigned to PCs in both networks.
Conclusion
✓ Ping test has been conducted from a PC in Network 1 to Server0 (192.168.1.2).
✓ The network topology has been successfully implemented according to the provided
✓ steps.
All devices are properly connected and configured.
➢ DHCP services are functioning correctly, as evidenced by the assigned IPs to the

✓ PCs.
The OSPF configuration on routers indicates that they are ready for dynamic routing.
✓ The successful ping test confirms the connectivity between a PC and Server0 in
Network 1,
✓ indicating that the network is operational.
Overall, the network setup meets the requirements specified in the instructions.
✓
✓
✓

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PRACTICAL – 7
AIM: To perform a practical to create a topology and configure VLAN
routing protocol.
➢ Software Used
✓ Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.1
✓ Windows 11 Home Single Language Operating System
➢
Description
Step 01. From Device type Selection box, Select End device, now select two generic
device and drag & drop to workspace for VLAN2 in shown in figure 1. Do this
same for VLAN3 as shown in below figure 1.
✓ Select switch and drag & drop to workspace as shown below in figure 1.
✓ Connect all generic Device with switch with the help of Copper Straight Through
Cable to Switches fastEthernet 0/1 and 0/2, 0/3 and 0/4.
Now, you can easily transfer packet in LAN without implementing VLAN.
✓

(Figure 1: Created Topology)

✓
Step 02. Now, Click on PC 0 Open Desktop menu then
Configuration. Assign Static IP Address 192.168.1.2
click on IP

✓ Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0.

Now, Click on PC 1 Open Desktop menu then click on IP
Step 03.
✓ Configuration. Assign Static IP Address 192.168.1.3
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0.
Now, Click on PC 3 Open Desktop menu then click on IP
✓
Step 04.
Configuration. Assign Static IP Address 192.168.1.4
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0.
✓
Step 05.
Now, Click on PC 2 Open Desktop menu then
Configuration. Assign Static IP Address 192.168.1.4
click on IP

✓
✓
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✓ Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0.

(Figure 2: Configured PCs)

✓
Step 06. Click on switch, open VLAN Database.
Add VLAN No. 2 and VLAN Name student
✓ Add VLAN No. 3 and VLAN Name .
faculty.

(Figure 3: Configured VLAN Database on Switch)

Step
✓ Select fastEthernet 0/1 and 0/2.
Select Access and VLAN2( ).
07. ✓ Select fastEthernet 0/3 and 0/4.
Select Access and VLANstudent
( ).
Step
3 faculty
08.
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(Figure 4: Configured Ethernet connection on Switch for VLAN)

Step 09. Testing By Ping on PC 0 to PC 1.

(Figure 5: PING CMD)

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➢ Results
✓ PC 0 (192.168.1.2) successfully pings PC 1 (192.168.1.3) since they are both in VLAN 2
✓ (student).
PC 3 (192.168.1.4) successfully pings PC 2 (192.168.1.4) since they are both in VLAN 3
(faculty).
➢ Conclusion
The VLAN configuration has been successfully implemented, segregating the network into
✓
two VLANs: VLAN 2 for students and VLAN 3 for faculty.
By configuring VLANs, network traffic is logically separated, improving security and
✓
network performance.
The ping tests confirm that communication is restricted within their respective VLANs,

✓
demonstrating the effectiveness of VLAN segmentation.
This practical exercise helps in understanding VLAN configuration and its importance in
network management and security.
✓
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PRACTICAL – 8
AIM: To perform a practical to configure NAT.
➢ Software Used
✓➢ Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.1Windows 11 Home Single Language Operating System
Description
Step 01. First, open the Packet Tracer and create a network topology as shown in the image below,

✓then specify the Inside and Outside fields and add comments to the workspace.
In the topology below, the interface to the Internet is GigabitEthernet0/0 and is selected as
Outside.

(Figure 1: Created Topology)

Step 02. After specifying and configuring the IP blocks for the topology, add two computers
to the workspace and configure the TCP/IP settings.
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(Figure 2: Configured PCs)

Step 03. Now, select the Inside and Outside interfaces at the CLI command prompt of Router0 and
perform the following commands to add static records for computers with IP addresses
192.168.1.2 and 192.168.1.3.

(Figure 3: Configuring router1 with router2)

Step 04. Now, ping Router2 from computers on the LAN and then check out the NAT
records created on the Router using the show ip nat translations command in
the CLI.
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(Figure 4: IP NAT Translations Command)

(Figure 5: PING CMD)

➢ Result:
1. Topology Creation:
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- The network topology is created in Packet

Tracer as instructed, with Router0 connected tothe Internet via GigabitEthernet0/0
(specified as Outside) and with internal LAN devices connected to other interfaces.
- Inside and Outside fields are properly specified, and comments are added to the
workspace for clarity.
2. TCP/IP Configuration:
- Two computers are added to the workspace, and their TCP/IP settings are
configured with
IP addresses within the specified IP block.
3. Static NAT Configuration:
- Inside and Outside interfaces are selected at the CLI prompt of Router0.
- Static NAT records are added for the computers with IP addresses 192.168.1.2 and
192.168.1.3.
4. Ping Test and NAT Record Check:
- Computers on the LAN successfully ping Router1.
- NAT translations are checked on Router0 using the command 'show ip nat
➢ Conclusion
translations' in
the CLI, confirming that the static NAT records are created for the specified IP
addresses.
:
✓The network topology is successfully created and configured in Packet Tracer, with
proper TCP/IP settings for internal devices.
✓Static NAT records are added to Router0 for translating internal private IP addresses
to
public IP addresses.
✓The successful ping test from LAN computers to Router1 indicates proper network
connectivity.
✓NAT translations are verified on Router0, ensuring that the NAT configuration is
functioning as expected.
✓ This practical exercise helps in understanding NAT configuration and its role in
allowing
internal devices to access resources on the Internet while hiding their private IP
addresses.
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PRACTICAL – 9
AIM: Network Utilities – PING, NETSTAT, IPCONFIG, IFCONFIG, ARP,
TRACE-ROUTE.
➢ Ping
o The ping command is used to test connectivity between two hosts. It sends ICMP echo
request messages to the destination. The destination host replies with ICMP reply
messages. If the ping command gets a reply from the destination host, it displays the reply
along with round-trip times. You'll see a "request timed out" message if packet loss is
occurring, and you'll see an error message if your computer can't communicate with the
remote host at all.
This tool can help you troubleshoot Internet connection problems, but bear in mind that
o
many servers and devices are configured not to reply to pings.
The ping command uses the following syntax.
o
p ng dest nat on host Ifl or name
o The following command tests connectivity between the host computer and
Google's server.
o The following image shows the output of this command.

➢ Netstat
o This command displays active connections, ports on which the computer is listening,
Ethernet statistics, the IP routing table, and IP statistics.
o The output of this command is organized in rows and columns. Each row represents a
new connection or an entry in the output. It contains four columns. These columns
provide the following information about the row.
▪
Proto: - This column displays the name of the protocol (TCP or UDP).
▪
Local Address: - This column displays the IP address of the local computer and
the port number being used. If the port is not yet established, the port number is
shown as an asterisk (*).
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▪
Foreign Address: - This column displays the IP address and port number of the
remote
▪ computer to which the port is connected.
State: - This column displays the status of the connection.
o The following image shows the sample output of this command.

o Options and parameters:

▪
The following table lists some common options of the netstat command.
 -a: Displays all active TCP connections and the TCP and UDP ports on
which the computer is listening.
 -e: Displays Ethernet statistics, such as the number of bytes and packets
sent and received.
 -n: Displays active TCP connections, however, addresses and port numbers
are expressed numerically, and no attempt is made to determine names.
 -o: Displays active TCP connections and includes the process ID (PID) for
each connection.
 -p: Shows connections for the protocol specified by Protocol. In this case,
the Protocol can be TCP, UDP, tcpv6, or udpv6.
 -s: Displays statistics by protocol. By default, statistics are shown for the
TCP, UDP, ICMP, and IP protocols.
➢ ipconfig
 -r:/Displays
ifconfig the contents of the IP routing table.
o
The ipconfig command is used on Windows, while the ifconfig command is used on
Linux, Mac OS X, and other Unix-like operating systems. These commands allow you to
oconfigure your network interfaces and view information about them.
This command displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS)
settings. This command is mainly used to view the IP addresses on the computers that are
oconfigured to obtain their IP address automatically.
The following image shows the sample output of this command.
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➢ Arp
o To send IP packets, a computer needs two addresses. These addresses are the
MAC address and the IP address. A MAC address is the physical or hardware
address of the NIC. An IP address is the logical or software address of NIC. If a
computer knows the IP address of the destination computer but it does not know
the MAC address of the destination computer, it uses the ARP protocol to know the
MAC address of the destination computer.
o The ARP protocol broadcasts a given IP address over a local network. The
corresponding
host responds to the broadcast with its MAC address. To avoid repetition, ARP
o stores the
answer in a table known as ARP table. ARP maintains a separate ARP table for
each NIC. By default, this command displays the ARP table of the active NIC. If
o multiple NICs are
installed on the computer, you can use the -a option with this command. If the -a
option is used, the ARP command displays all ARP tables.
The following image shows the output of the arp command when used with the -a
option.
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➢ Tracert / Traceroute / Tracepath

o This command is used to diagnose path-related problems. On an IP network, routers
exchange IP packets between the source and the destination. They take IP packets from
the source host and forward them in a sequence until they reach the destination host. The
sequence of routers between the source and destination is known as the path. A path
consists of all routers in a sequence that IP packets sent from the source host traverse to
reach the destination host.
o The tracert command prints the path. If all routers on the path are functional, this
command prints the full path. If a router is down on the path, this command prints the
path up to the last operational router.
o The tracert command uses the following syntax.
tracert Dest nat on Name or Ifl address
o The following command traces the path to the host named www.google.co.in.
tracert www.google.co. n
o The following image shows the output of this command.
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➢ Conclusion

Network troubleshooting commands such as Ping, Netstat, ipconfig (ifconfig), ARP, and Tracert
(Traceroute/Tracepath) are essential tools for diagnosing and resolving various network-related
issues. Here's a summary of their functionalities:
✓
Ping: Used to test connectivity between two hosts by sending ICMP echo request
messages. It helps troubleshoot Internet connection problems and packet loss issues.
✓Netstat: Displays active connections, listening ports, Ethernet statistics, IP routing table,
and IP statistics. It helps in identifying network connections and diagnosing network
issues.
✓
ipconfig / ifconfig: Displays and configures network interfaces, IP addresses, DHCP, and
DNS settings. It's used for viewing and managing TCP/IP network configuration on
different operating systems.
✓
ARP: Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network. It maintains an ARP
table mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses, essential for communication between
devices.
✓
Tracert / Traceroute / Tracepath: Traces the path that packets take from the source to the
destination host, showing each router along the way. It helps in identifying network
delays and routing problems.
These commands provide valuable insights into network connectivity, configuration, and
performance, enabling network administrators to effectively troubleshoot and resolve network issues.
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PRACTICAL – 10
AIM: Perform a practical to configure TELNET and SSH using cisco
packet tracer.

✓
➢ Software Used
Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.1

➢
✓ Windows 11 Home Single Language Operating System
Description - TELNET
Step 01. After adding a Cisco Router, Switch, and PC on the Packet Tracer workspace,
cabling all devices.

(Figure 1: Created Topology)

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(Figure 2: Configuring router0)

Step Double-click Cisco Router0 to open the CLI prompt and type No to skip the initial
configuration and press Enter.
02. To enable Telnet on the Router, execute the following commands in order.
After configuring the Cisco Router interface, we created a user name and password for the
Step Telnet connection. Before connecting to Cisco Router1, configure the TCP/IP
configuration of PC 0 in the workspace as follows.
03.
Step
04.

(Figure 3: Configured PC)

Step 05. Click on the PC, click the Desktop tab, and then click CMD Command Prompt.
✓ At the CMD prompt, type telnet 192.168.1.1 and press Enter to connect to the
device. Enter the user name and password you created during the setup of the
connection.
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(Figure 4: Command Prompt)

Step 06. Once connected to the Cisco Router, you can now manage your device by accessing it
through LAN or WAN. To view the connections to the device, simply run the show
line command.
➢
Description
First,-run
SSHPacket Tracer and then create a network topology as shown in the image below.
Step 01. Add an additional Router to the workspace, because after configuration we will connect
the Router to the Router with SSH.
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(Figure 1: Created Topology)

Step 02. Open the CLI prompt by clicking on the Main Router and press Enter to skip the
initial configuration.
Step 03. To enable SSH on the router, perform the following commands in order.

(Figure 2: Configuring Main Ethernet)

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(Figure 3: Configuring SSH)

Step 04. Configure the IP settings of PC 0 as follows.

(Figure 4: Configuring PC)

Step 05. To quickly configure the Router 1’s interface, double-click on it, click the Config tab in
the window that opens, and then configure the Port Status option of the
GigabitEthernet0/0 interface to On, then assign the IP address.
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(Figure 5: Configuring Router1)

Step 06. To test whether SSH is running, open the PC1 prompt and establish a
connection using the command below.

(Figure 6: SSH CMD on PC 0)

Step Enter the user name and password you created, and as soon as you press Enter, the
connection will be established as in the image below
07. After executing the show ssh command on PC 0 Command Prompt, you can check the
version of the SSH protocol that is linked.
Step In this step, execute the following command to make SSH from router to router.
In the same way, enter the user account information you created on the Cisco Router and
08. press Enter.

Step

09.
Step
10.
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(Figure 7: SSH CMD on Router1)

➢
Result:
o Telnet Configuration:
▪
The Telnet connection was successfully established from PC 0 to Cisco Router0
using the configured IP address (192.168.1.1), username, and password.
▪
Upon connection, the show line command was executed on the router to view
connections, demonstrating successful management of the device.
o SSH Configuration:
▪
SSH was successfully configured on the main router.
▪
PC 0 established an SSH connection to the main router using the configured
username and password.
▪
The SSH connection from Main to Router1 was also successfully established after
entering the appropriate user account information.
➢
Conclusion
o Telnet Configuration:
▪
Telnet provides a basic method of remote access to network devices but is less
secure compared to SSH due to transmitting data in plaintext.
▪
It is suitable for internal network usage but not recommended for external or
untrusted network connections due to security vulnerabilities.
o SSH Configuration:
▪
SSH provides secure remote access to network devices by encrypting data
transmission, enhancing security compared to Telnet.
▪
It is the preferred method for remote management and access over untrusted
networks, ensuring confidentiality and integrity of data transmission.
▪
The configuration of SSH on the routers enables secure communication between
devices within the network, ensuring data confidentiality and protection against
unauthorized access.
Overall, both Telnet and SSH configurations were successfully implemented in the network topology