Name ___ANSWER KEY__________

KNOW YOUR REFERENCE TABLES (v.3)

(Updated spring 2015, based on Jan ‘15 and June ‘14 exams)

Part A

Question Ref. Table Answer

used

1) At STP, which element is a good conductor of electricity? PT 3

(1) chlorine (2) iodine
(3) silver (4) sulfur

2) Which compound has the greatest percent composition by mass of sulfur? T 3

(1) BaS (2) CaS
(3) MgS (4) SrS

3) Which atom in the ground state has a stable electron configuration? PT 3

(1) carbon (2) magnesium
(3) neon (4) oxygen

4) The electronegativity difference between the atoms in a molecule of HCl can S 4

be used to determine
(1) the entropy of the atoms
(2) the atomic number of the atoms
(3) the first ionization energy of the atoms
(4) the polarity of the bond between the two atoms

5) Which two gases can not be broken down by chemical means? PT 3

(1) CO and He (2) CO and NH3
(3) Xe and He (4) Xe and NH3

6) At 101.3 kPa and 298 K, a 1.0-mole sample of which compound absorbs the I 4
greatest amount of heat as the entire sample dissolves in water?
(1) LiBr (2) NaCl
(3) NaOH (4) NH4Cl

7) Positrons and beta particles have O 3

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

(1) the same charge and the same mass
(2) the same charge and different masses
(3) different charges and the same mass
(4) different charges and different masses

8) Compared to the charge of a proton, the charge of an electron has O 4

(1) a greater magnitude and the same sign
(2) a greater magnitude and the opposite sign
(3) the same magnitude and the same sign
(4) the same magnitude and the opposite sign

9) Which atom has the largest atomic radius? S 3

(1) potassium (2) rubidium (3) francium (4) cesium

10) Which polyatomic ion is found in the compound represented by the formula E 2
NaHCO3?
(1) acetate (2) hydrogen carbonate (3) hydrogen sulfate (4) oxalate

11) Which element has atoms that can form halide ions? F 1
(1) iodine (2) silver (3) strontium (4) xenon

12) Which quantity can be calculated for a solid compound, given only the PT, T 4
formula of the compound and the Periodic Table of the Elements?
(1) the density of the compound
(2) the heat of fusion of the compound
(3) the melting point of each element in the compound
(4) the percent composition by mass of each element in the compound

13) Which element has atoms with the strongest attraction for electrons in a S 3
chemical bond?
(1) chlorine (2) nitrogen (3) fluorine (4) oxygen

14) Which substance can not be broken down by a chemical change? PT 4

(1) ammonia (2) ethanol (3) propanal (4) zirconium

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

15) According to Table I, which equation represents a change resulting in the I 3
greatest quantity of energy released?
(1) 2C(s) 3H2(g) → C2H6(g)
(2) 2C(s) 2H2(g) → C2H4(g)
(3) N2(g) 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
(4) N2(g) O2(g) → 2NO(g)

16) Which element is a liquid at STP? S 1

(1) bromine (2) cesium (3) francium (4) iodine

17) What is the atomic number of the element whose atoms bond to each PT 3
other in chains, rings, and networks?
(1) 10 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) 4

18) Which compound is an electrolyte? K 3

(1) CH3CHO (2) CH3OCH3 (3) CH3COOH (4) CH3CH2CH3

19) Which compounds are classified as Arrhenius acids? K 4

(1) HCl and NaOH
(2) HNO3 and NaCl
(3) NH3 and H2CO3
(4) HBr and H2SO4

20) Which statement describes the stability of the nuclei of potassium atoms? N 3
(1) All potassium atoms have stable nuclei that spontaneously decay.
(2) All potassium atoms have unstable nuclei that do not spontaneously decay.
(3) Some potassium atoms have unstable nuclei that spontaneously decay.
(4) Some potassium atoms have unstable nuclei that do not spontaneously
decay.

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

Part B1

Question Ref. Answer

Table
used
21) What is the number of electrons in an Al3+ ion? PT 1
(1) 10 (2) 13
(3) 3 (4) 16
22) The valence electron of which atom in the ground state has the greatest PT 1
amount of energy?
(1) cesium (2) lithium
(3) rubidium (4) sodium
23) Which notations represent different isotopes of the element sodium? PT 4
(1) 32S and 34S (2) S2- and S6+
(3) Na and Na (4) 22Na and 23Na
+ 0

24) Which electron configuration represents the electrons in an atom of Ga in an PT 2

excited state?
(1) 2-8-17-3 (2) 2-8-17-4
(3) 2-8-18-3 (4) 2-8-18-4
25) Which statement describes the general trends in electronegativity and first S 3
ionization energy as the elements in Period 3 are considered in order from Na to
Cl?
(1) Electronegativity increases, and first ionization energy decreases.
(2) Electronegativity decreases, and first ionization energy increases.
(3) Electronegativity and first ionization energy both increase.
(4) Electronegativity and first ionization energy both decrease.

26) What is the gram-formula mass of Fe(NO3)3? PT 4

(1) 146 g/mol (2) 194 g/mol
(3) 214 g/mol (4) 242 g/mol

27) Which elements have the most similar chemical properties? PT 2

(1) boron and carbon
(2) oxygen and sulfur
(3) aluminum and bromine
(4) argon and silicon

28) Which element reacts with oxygen to form ionic bonds? PT 1

(1) calcium (2) hydrogen
(3) chlorine (4) nitrogen
29) Which general trends in first ionization energy and electronegativity values S 1
are demonstrated by Group 15 elements as they are considered in order from top
to bottom?
(1) The first ionization energy decreases and the electronegativity decreases.
(2) The first ionization energy increases and the electronegativity increases.
(3) The first ionization energy decreases and the electronegativity increases.
(4) The first ionization energy increases and the electronegativity decreases.

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

30) The accepted value for the percent by mass of water in a hydrate is 36.0%. In T 1
a laboratory activity, a student determined the percent by mass of water in the
hydrate to be 37.8%. What is the percent error for the student’s measured value?
(1) 5.0% (2) 4.8%
(3) 1.8% (4) 0.05%
31) Which formula represents a molecule with the most polar bond? S 4
(1) CO (2) NO
(3) HI (4) HCl
32) A 1-gram sample of a compound is added to 100 grams of H2O(ℓ) and the F 1
resulting mixture is then thoroughly stirred. Some of the compound is then
separated from the mixture by filtration. Based on Table F, the compound could
be
(1) AgCl (2) CaCl2
(3) NaCl (4) NiCl2
33) At standard pressure, the total amount of heat required to completely B, T 4
vaporize a 100.-gram sample of water at its boiling point is
(1) 2.26 x 10 J (2) 2.26 x 102 J
(3) 2.26 x 103 J (4) 2.26 x 105 J
34) An aluminum sample has a mass of 80.01 g and a density of 2.70 g/cm3. T 3
According to the data, to what number of significant figures should the
calculated volume of the aluminum sample be expressed?
(1) 1 (2) 2
(3) 3 (4) 4
35) After being thoroughly stirred at 10.°C, which mixture is heterogeneous? G 2
(1) 25.0 g of KCl and 100. g of H2O
(2) 25.0 g of KNO3 and 100. g of H2O
(3) 25.0 g of NaCl and 100. g of H2O
(4) 25.0 g of NaNO3 and 100. g of H2O
36) Which temperature change indicates an increase in the average kinetic T 1
energy of the molecules in a sample?
(1) 15°C to 298 K (2) 37°C to 273 K
(3) 305 K to 0°C (4) 355 K to 25°C
37) In a titration, 20.0 milliliters of a 0.150 M NaOH(aq) solution exactly T 1
neutralizes 24.0 milliliters of an HCl(aq) solution. What is the concentration of the
HCl(aq) solution?
(1) 0.125 M (2) 0.180 M
(3) 0.250 M (4) 0.360 M
38) What fraction of a Sr-90 sample remains unchanged after 87.3 years? N 4
(1) 1/2 (2) 1/3
(3) 1/4 (4) 1/8
39) Which balanced equation represents a spontaneous radioactive decay? N 4
(1) 14C + Ca3(PO4)2 → 3CaC2 + 2P + 8CO
(2) 147N + 10n → 146C + 11p
(3) H2CO3 → H2O + CO2
(4) 146C → 147N + 0-1e

40) Given the formula representing a compound: Q 1

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

What is a chemical name of this compound?
(1) 2-pentene (2) 2-pentyne
(3) 3-pentene (4) 3-pentyne
41) What is the oxidation number of manganese in KMnO4? PT 1
(1) +7 (2) +2
(3) +3 (4) +4
42) What is the color of the indicator thymol blue in a solution that has a pH of M 2
11?
(1) red (2) blue
(3) pink (4) yellow

Part B2

Question Ref. Answer

Table
Used
43) Draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for a molecule of PT
bromomethane, CH3Br.

44) Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why Group 18 PT Group 18 elements rarely
elements on the Periodic Table rarely form compounds. form compounds because
their atoms have stable
electron configurations.

Their valence shells are

completely filled.

All the elements have

maximum numbers of
valence electrons.

Atoms of Group 18 have a

stable octet except He,
which is stable with two
electrons.
45) Explain, in terms of electrons, why the radius of a potassium PT A potassium atom has four
atom is larger than the radius of a potassium ion in the ground electron shells and a
state. potassium ion has three

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

 electron shells.

A potassium atom has one

more electron shell than a
potassium ion.

A K+ ion has one fewer

electron than a K atom.
46) Identify the type of bonding in solid potassium. PT metallic bonding

metallic

47) The diagram below represents a cylinder with a movable A, T 2 atm

piston. The cylinder contains 1.0 liter of oxygen gas at STP. The
movable piston in the cylinder is pushed downward at constant 2.0 atm
temperature until the volume of O2(g) is 0.50 liter.

Determine the new pressure of O2(g) in the cylinder, in

atmospheres.
48) The diagrams below represent ball-and-stick models of two
molecules. In a ball-and-stick model, each ball represents an
atom, and the sticks between balls represent chemical bonds.

PT

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

Draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for an atom of the element
present in all organic compounds.
49) A 2.50-liter aqueous solution contains 1.25 moles of 0.500 M
dissolved sodium chloride. The dissolving of NaCl(s) in water is
represented by the equation below. T 0.50 M

.5 M
H2O
NaCl(s) —→ Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Determine the molarity of this solution.

Ethane, C2H6, has a boiling point of 89°C at standard pressure.

Ethanol, C2H5OH, has a much higher boiling point than ethane at alcohol
standard pressure. At STP, ethane is a gas and ethanol is a liquid. alcohols
primary alcohol
50) Identify the class of organic compounds to which ethanol R monohydroxy alcohols
belongs.

51) A liquid boils when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals H any value from 78°C to
the atmospheric pressure on the surface of the liquid. Based on 80.°C, inclusive
Table H, what is the boiling point of ethanol at standard
pressure?
52) An operating voltaic cell has zinc and iron electrodes. The
cell and the unbalanced ionic equation representing the reaction
that occurs in the cell are shown below.

symbol or name of any

J metal listed above Zn on
Table J

Identify one metal from Table J that is more easily oxidized than
Zn.
53) The nuts, bolts, and hinges that attach some gates to a PT
playground fence can be made of iron. The iron can react with From 0 to 2
oxygen in the air. The unbalanced equation representing this

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

reaction is shown below. From 0 to 2

Fe(s) + O2(g) → Fe2O3(s) From zero to negative two

Determine the change in oxidation state for oxygen in this

reaction.
54) The pH of various aqueous solutions are shown in the table M
below.

Write the color of thymol blue in the NaCl(aq) and in the

NaOH(aq) solutions.

Part C

Question Ref. Answer

Table
Used
Base your answers to questions 55 through 57 on the
information below and on your knowledge of
chemistry.

There are six elements in Group 14 on the Periodic

Table. One of these elements has the symbol Uuq,
which is a temporary, systematic symbol. This element
is now known as flerovium. PT Si
Germanium
55) Identify an element in Group 14 that is classified as element 32
a metalloid.

PT The atomic radius of these

56) Explain, in terms of electron shells, why each elements increases down the
successive element in Group 14 has a larger atomic group because each successive
radius, as the elements are considered in order of element has one more electron
increasing atomic number. shell.
The number of shells per atom

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 increases.

PT 4
57) State the expected number of valence electrons in four
an atom of the element flerovium in the ground state. 4e-
four valence electrons
58) A student compares some models of the atom.
These models are listed in the table below in order of
development from top to bottom. proton
p
O p+
1
1p
1
1H
H+

Using the conclusion from the Rutherford model,

identify the charged subatomic particle that is located
in the nucleus.
Base your answers to questions 59 and 60 on the
information below and on your knowledge of
chemistry.

Paintball is a popular recreational activity that uses a

metal tank of compressed carbon dioxide or nitrogen to
launch small capsules of paint. A typical tank has a
volume of 508 cubic centimeters. A 340.-gram sample
of carbon dioxide is added to the tank before it is used
for paintball. At 20.°C, this tank contains both CO2(g)
and CO2(ℓ). After a paintball game, the tank contains 7.73 mol
only CO2(g). or
T for any value from 7.7 mol to 8 mol,
59) Determine the total number of moles of CO2 added inclusive
to the tank before it is used for paintball.
T
60) After the paintball game, the tank has a gas
pressure of 6.1 atmospheres and is at 293 K. If the tank
is heated to 313 K, the pressure in the tank will change.
Show a numerical setup for calculating the pressure of
the gas in the tank at 313 K.

61) Many breads are made by adding yeast to dough,

causing the dough to rise. Yeast is a type of
microorganism that produces the catalyst zymase,
which converts glucose, C6H12O6, to ethanol and carbon

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

dioxide gas. The balanced equation for this reaction is R
shown below.
zymase
C6H12O6(aq)  2C2H5OH(aq) 2CO2(g)

Draw a structural formula for the ethanol formed

during this reaction.

During a laboratory activity, a student places 25.0 mL of

HCl(aq) of unknown concentration into a flask. The
student adds four drops of phenolphthalein to the
solution in the flask. The solution is titrated with 0.150
M KOH(aq) until the solution appears faint pink. The
volume of KOH(aq) added is 18.5 mL.

62) Complete the equation for the neutralization PT

reaction that occurs during the titration.

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) →
_____________________________ 0.111 M

T 0.11 M
63) Determine the concentration of the HCl(aq)
solution, using the titration data. 0.1 M

Illuminated EXIT signs are used in public buildings such

as schools. If the word EXIT is green, the sign may
contain the radioisotope tritium, hydrogen-3. The A tritium atom has two neutrons
tritium is a gas sealed in glass tubes. The emissions and an H-1 atom has no neutrons.
from the decay of the tritium gas cause a coating on the
inside of the tubes to glow. Only the tritium atom has
PT neutrons.
64) State, in terms of neutrons, how an atom of tritium
differs from an atom of hydrogen-1. H-1 has no neutrons.

1/4
65) Determine the fraction of an original sample of N 0.25
tritium that remains unchanged after 24.62 years. 25%

3
He
2
66) Complete the nuclear equation for the radioactive PT
decay of tritium, by writing a notation for the missing helium-3
product.
He-3
3
H → 0-1e + _____
1

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

 3
He
Base your answers to questions 67 through 69 on the
information below and on your knowledge of
chemistry.

A student made a copper bracelet by hammering a

small copper bar into the desired shape. The bracelet
has a mass of 30.1 grams and was at a temperature of
21°C in the classroom. After the student wore the
bracelet, the bracelet reached a temperature of 33°C. 0.474 mol
Later, the student removed the bracelet and placed it or
on a desk at home, where it cooled from 33°C to 19°C. for any value from 0.47 mol to
The specific heat capacity of copper is 0.385 J/g•K. T 0.47402 mol, inclusive,
or
67) Determine the number of moles of copper in the for 0.5 mol
bracelet.

T q = (30.1 g)(0.385 J/g•K)(19°C -33°C)

68) Show a numerical setup for calculating the amount
(30.1 g)(306 K - 292 K)(0.385 J/g•K)
of heat released by the bracelet as it cooled on the
desk. (0.385)(30.1)(14)

Copper is less chemically active than

69) Explain, in terms of chemical activity, why copper is J iron, so copper is less likely to react
a better choice than iron to make the bracelet. with substances in the air or on the
skin.

Iron is more active.

Fe oxidizes more easily.

Base your answers to questions 70 and 71 on the
information below and on your knowledge of
chemistry.

Seawater contains dissolved salts in the form of ions.

Some of the ions found in seawater are Ca+2, Mg+2, K+,
Na+, Cl-, HCO3- , and SO42-. An investigation was
conducted to determine the concentration of dissolved
salts in seawater at one location. A 300.-gram sample
of the seawater was placed in an open container. After
a week, all the water had evaporated and 10. grams of
solid salts remained in the container. 3.3%
T 3%
70) Determine the concentration, expressed as percent 3.3333%

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

by mass, of the dissolved salts in the original sample of
seawater.

I Energy is needed to overcome the

71) Explain why the evaporation that occurred during intermolecular forces.
the investigation is an endothermic process.
Energy is required to change liquid
water to water vapor.

The heat of vaporization is positive.

72) A student makes an aqueous solution of lactic acid.
A formula for one form of lactic acid is shown below.

The solution is placed in a sealed flask to be used in a

laboratory investigation. The equation below
represents the lactic acid equilibrium system in the
flask.

CH3CHOHCOOH(aq) H+(aq) + CH3CHOHCOO-(aq)

Lactic acid lactate ion
R
Identify one organic functional group in a molecule of
lactic acid.
Base your answers to questions 73 and 74 on the
information below and on your knowledge of
chemistry.

Copper can be used for water pipes in homes. When

the pipes corrode, copper atoms oxidize to form Cu2+
ions in the water. A homeowner has a water quality
report prepared for a sample of water taken from pipes
in the home. According to the report, the 550.-gram
sample contains 6.75 x 104 gram of dissolved Cu2+ ions. Acceptable responses must show
at least two water molecules. The
73) Using the key below, draw two water molecules in oxygen atom of each water
the box, showing the orientation of each water S molecule must face toward the
molecule toward the Cu2+ ion. copper ion.

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 T

74) Show a numerical setup for calculating the

concentration, in parts per million, of dissolved Cu2+ ions
in the sample of water tested.
Base your answers to questions 75 through 77 on the
information below and on your knowledge of
chemistry.

A breeder reactor is one type of nuclear reactor. In a

breeder reactor, uranium-238 is transformed in a series
of nuclear reactions into plutonium-239. The
plutonium-239 can undergo fission as shown in the
equation below. The X represents a missing product in
the equation.

1
0n + 23994Pu → X + 9436Kr + 210n

75) Determine the number of neutrons in an atom of PT 146

the uranium isotope used in the breeder reactor.

76) Based on Table N, identify the decay mode of the

plutonium radioisotope produced in the breeder
reactor. N alpha

4
2 α

4
2He

77) Write a notation for the nuclide represented by

missing product X in this equation.
144
PT 58 Ce

144
Ce

cerium-144

Ce-144

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)

Compiled by Mary Courtney, RCSD (May 2015)