ANUCACL01-Ancient Hist. & Arch. 2022-23 Syllabus With Co's-Pos Mapping File 20.06.2023

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY
A State Government University, Accredited with “A” Grade by NAAC

Nagarjuna Nagar - 522 510, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
M.A. ANCIENT HISTORY &

ARCHAEOLOGY
SYLLABUS
2022 - 2023 onwards
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS,

COMMERCE & LAW
PROGRAM CODE:
ANUCACL01
M.A. Ancient History & Archaeology, Syllabus 2022-23 onwards – College of Arts, Commerce & Law, ANU
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ABOUT
UNIVERSITY
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ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY (ANU)

- A Brief Profile
Acharya Nagarjuna University, a State University established in 1976, has been

constantly striving towards achieving progress and expansion during its existence for over
four decades, in terms of introducing new courses in the University Colleges, affiliated
colleges and professional colleges. Spread over 300 acres of land on the National High Way
(NH-16) between Vijayawada and Guntur of Andhra Pradesh, the University is one of the
front ranking and fastest expanding Universities in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The
University was inaugurated on 11th September, 1976 by the then President of India, Sri
Fakruddin Ali Ahmed and celebrated its Silver Jubilee in 2001. The National Assessment and
Accreditation Council (NAAC) awarded “A” grade to Acharya Nagarjuna University and
also has achieved 108 International ranks, 39 National ranks UI Green Metrics rankings and
many more It is named after Acharya Nagarjuna – one of the most brilliant preceptors and
philosophers, whose depth of thought, clarity of perception and spiritual insight were such
that even after centuries, he is a source of inspiration to a vast number of people in many
countries. The University is fortunate to be situated on the very soil where he was born and
lived, a soil made more sacred by the aspiration for light and a state of whole someness by
generations of students. With campus student strength of over 5000, the University offers
instruction for higher learning in 68 UG & PG programs and guidance for the award of
M.Phil. and Ph.D. in 48 disciplines spread over six campus colleges and one PG campus at
Ongole. It also offers 160 UG programs in 440 affiliated colleges in the regions of Guntur
and Prakasam Districts. It has a Centre for Distance Education offering 87 UG & PG
programs. Characterized by its heterogeneous students and faculty hailing from different
parts of the state and the country, the University provides most hospitable environment for
pursuing Higher Learning and Research. Its aim is to remain connected academically at the
forefront of all higher educational institutions. The University provides an excellent
infrastructure and on- Campus facilities such as University Library with over one lakh books
& 350 journals; Computer Centre; University Scientific Instrumentation Centre; Central
Research Laboratory with Ultra-modern Equipment; Well-equipped Departmental
Laboratories; Career Guidance and Placement Cell; Health Centre; Sports Facilities with
Indoor & Outdoor Stadiums and Multipurpose Gym; Sports Hostel; Separate hostels for
Boys, Girls, Research Scholars and International Students; Pariksha Bhavan (Examinations
Building); Computers to all faculty members; Wi-Fi connectivity to all Departments and
Hostels; Canteen, Student Centre & Fast-food Centre; Faculty Club; Dr. H.H. Deichmann &
Dr. S.John David Auditorium cum Seminar Hall; Post office; Telecom Centre; State Bank of
India; Andhra Bank; Energy Park; Silver Jubilee Park; Fish ponds; internet center; xerox
center; cooperative stores; Water harvesting structures.
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VISION,
MISSION &
OBJECTIVES
OF THE
UNIVERSITY
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VISION
To generate sources of knowledge that dispels ignorance and establish truth through
teaching, learning and research.
MISSION
To promote a bank of human talent in diversified faculties – Commerce &

Management Studies, Education, Engineering & Technology, Humanities, Law, Natural
Sciences, Pharmacy, Physical Education & Sports Sciences, Physical Sciences and Social
Sciences that would become an investment for a prosperous society.
OBJECTIVES
 To inspire and encourage all who would seek knowledge through higher education and
research.
 To provide quality instruction and research for the advancement of science and
technology.
 To promote teaching and research studies in disciplines of societal relevance.
 To bridge the gap between theory and practice of the principles of higher education.
 To develop human talent necessary for the industry.
 To open up avenues of higher education and research through non-formal means.
 To invite and implement collaborations with other institutes of higher learning on a
continuous basis for mutual academic progress.
 To motivate and orient each academic department/centre to strive for and to sustain
advanced levels of teaching and research so that the university emerges as an ideal
institute of higher learning.
 To focus specially on the studies involving rural economy, justifying its existence in the
rural setting.
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VISION
&
MISSION OF
THE COLLEGE
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UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE & LAW
VISION AND MISSION OF THE COLLEGE:

University College of Arts, Commerce and Law presently consists of 19 teaching
departments and seven research centres and running 27 courses. It had a very good team of
qualified teachers with strong profiles. The vision of the college is to promote learning and
research in the faculties of social sciences, humanities, law, education and management. It is
intended to encourage research temperament and develop inputs for the betterment of the
society. The mission of the college is to nurture the scholarship, leadership and produce
outcome to promote the quality of life and address the challenges in human society.
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VISION
&
MISSION OF
THE
DEPARTMENT
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DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY & ARCHAEOLOGY
M.A. ANCIENT HISTORY & ARCHAEOLOGY
VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT:
 The P.G. courses designed as per NEP guide lines 2021 with an aim to impart knowledge
and skills in Archaeology, Ancient and Medieval Indian History, Andhra History, Ancient
World cultures and influences with emphasis on the study of political, social economic,
religious, cultural development and changes and in Fine Arts. The content of the courses
is designed to fulfill the requirement of UPSC, APPS, NET and SLT higher studies in
Foreign Countries.
MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT:
 The Dept. Aimed to train the students with profession and knowledge in Archaeology,
Tourism, Museology, Soft skill, Laboratory methods in Archeology, Science and
Technology to equip the students with the solid foundation to build upon the
fundamentals, useful skills and expertise that can assist employment in, Archaeology,
Museums, Tourism Industry and Fine Arts.
 Enlighten the students in several aspects from undisciplinary approach to
multidisciplinary study.
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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES:

The Programme Educational objectives are to impart comprehensive knowledge and
understanding of Ancient History, culture of old word, and India, aims and objectives and
different Archaeological methods in interpreting the human past. The course provide
knowledge on the basic features of prehistoric archaeology, Indian place in human evolution.
Role of Epigraphy, Numismatics, art and architecture in reconstructing human past.
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POS):

PO1: Introducing historical sources and archaeological sources to interpret past events and
cultures. Rise of Political Empires / Powers, their fall, socio, economic conditions and
consequences. Ideas and institutions.
PO2: Understanding Archaeology its methods like explorations, excavations and dating and
theories of archaeology and their application in the reconstruction of past human history.
PO3: Understanding the Knowledge of the major events, trends data and consequences in
human history and their significance. Ancient world cultural and study on social, economic,
religious, fine arts, art architecture, numismatics, epigraphy and others.
PO4: Ability to analysis archaeological data effectively in written and oral formats.
PO5: Ability to work collaboratively and professionally in the field of Geology, Biological
and Physical Sciences and history and archaeology, Musicology, tourism, fine arts for the
analysis of the data
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOS):

PSO stands for Program Specific Outcomes. These are the outcomes that are specific to the
program and are not necessarily covered in every course. Here are some possible program
specific outcomes for a History and Archaeology program
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:

 The department is specialized in teaching and research in Archaeology, Ancient and
Medieval Indian History, Prehistory, Art & Architecture, Fine Arts and Culture.
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 The courses are designed with an aim to impart knowledge and skills in various branches
of Archaeology, Ancient and Medieval Indian History, Andhra history, ancient world
cultures and influences with emphasis on the study of political, social, economic,
religious, fine arts cultural development and changes.
 There are basic courses in core section on history which are thematic and cut across
chronological divisions and regional polities.
 The ancient history and Medieval History courses encouraged the study on sources for
the study, evolution of social structures, economy, civilizations, religious traditions,
cultural development, political processes as well as historical geography and chronology.
 The courses dealing with archaeological studies provide basic concepts, theoretical
training in field methods including process of archaeological investigation, Explorations
excavation techniques, methods of Data retrieval, Chronology and Dating Methods,
Prehistory, Proto-History, Historical Archaeology, Epigraphy, Numismatics, Art and
Architecture and Fine Arts.
 The Tourism and Museology and Fine Arts course can equip the students with the solid
foundation to build upon the fundamentals, useful skills and expertise that can assist
employment in Tourism industry and Museum.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Analyze primary and secondary sources to interpret archaeological data.
CO2: Evaluate the methods and theories of archaeology and their application in the study of
human history.
CO3: Explain the major events and trends in human history and their significance.
CO4: Communicate archaeological data and analysis effectively in written formats.
CO5: Discuss the scientific and social implications of historical research and interpretation.
CO6: Collaborate effectively with other sciences on archaeological research projects.
Note: The numbering of course outcomes (COs) corresponds to the program outcomes (Pos)
they address.
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STRUCTURE
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COURSE STRUCTURE
SEMESTER-I
Semester
Compon
No. of Internal End Total
Course Code ents Title of the Paper
Credits Assessment Examination Marks
of Study
Marks
A/H101(22) Core History of Ancient India ( upto to B.C. 321) 4 30 70 100
A/H102(22) Core Age of Empires (B.C. 321 - 650 A.D.) 4 30 70 100

History of Andhras (From Earliest Times to
A/H103(22) Core 4 30 70 100
1070 A.D.)
A104(22) Core Principles and Methods of Archaeology 4 30 70 100
A/H105.1(22) Ancient World Civilizations 4 30 70 100
A105.2(22) Elective Introduction to Indian Archaeology 4 30 70 100
A105.3(22) Modern Western Art 4 30 70 100
TOTAL 28 700
SEMESTER-II
Course Compone No. of Internal Semester End Total

Examination
Code nts of Title of the Paper Credits Assessment Marks Marks
Study
A201(22) Core Outlines of Old World Prehistory 4 30 70 100
A202(22) Core History of Indian Art 4 30 70 100
History of Andhras (from A.D. 1070 to

A/H203(22) Core 4 30 70 100
A.D 1650)
(Field work/Site visit + Report writing +

A204(22) Core 2+2 100
Presentation)
A205.1(22) Indian Epigraphy 4 30 70 100
A205.2(22) Elective Temple Studies 2+2 30 70 100
A205.3(22) Internship + Report writing + Presentation 2+2 100
TOTAL 28 700
SEMESTER-III
Semester
Course No. of Internal End Total
Components
Code Title of the Paper Credits Assessment Examination Marks
of Study
Marks
A301(22) Core History of Indian Architecture 4 30 70 100
A302(22) Core Numismatics 4 30 70 100
A303(22) Core Soft Skills in Archaeology 4 30 70 100
A/H304(22) Core Historical Method 4 30 70 100
A305.1(22) Iconography 4 30 70 100

Elective
A/H305.2(22) Indus valley Civilizations 4 30 70 100
TOTAL 24 600
SEMESTER-IV
Components Semester End
of No. of Internal Examination Total
Course Code Title of the Paper
Study Credits Assessment Marks Marks
A401(22) Core History of Indian Paintings 4 30 70 100
A402(22) Core Museology 4 30 70 100
Research Project (Dissertation + Viva

A403(22) Core 4 100
– Voce)
A404(22) Core Pre-History & Proto History of India 4 30 70 100
A405.1(22) Early Historical Archaeology 4 30 70 100
A405.2(22) Historical Applications of Tourism 4 30 70 100

Elective
A/H405.3(22) Modern Indian Art 4 30 70 100
TOTAL 28 700
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First
Semester
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SEMESTER-I
A/H 101(22): HISTORY OF ANCIENT INDIA
(FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO B.C. 321)
(COMMON FOR HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY)
Course Objectives: The course introduces sources for the study, early culture and
civilizations, development of different religious traditions, evolution of ancient Indian polity
with major political events, political geography and chronology.
Unit-I:
Geographical Factors of Indian Sub-continent – Races and Physical Types of Indian
Population – Unity in Diversity of Indian Culture.
Unit-II:
Sources for the Study of Ancient Indian History – Archaeological – Literary.
Unit – III:
Stone Age Hunter gatherers and Early Farming Communities of India - Harappan Culture
Town Planning – Arts and Crafts- Economy-Trade-Religion
Unit – IV:
The Rigvedic Society-Economy and Religion-Later Vedic Society-Polity–Economy
Religion-Megalithic Culture of South India – Social Stratification.
Unit- V:
Territorial States-Religious Movements – Buddhism and Jainism – Bhagavatism- courses
towards empire – The Nandas-Polity, Economy andTrade-Early Foreign incursions.
Course Outcomes: Students will have a familiarity with the sources, different political,
social, economic, cultural and religious traditions of the Indian subcontinent upto 550 C.E.
Suggested Readings:
1) Agrawal. D.P. : The Archaeology of India (Delhi, Select Book
Services Syndicate, 1984)
2) Allchin, Bridget and F. Raymond : Origins of a Civilization: The Pre-History and Early
Archaeology of South Asia (Oxford and IBH, 1994)
3) Basham, A.L. : The Wonder That Was India (Mumbai, Rupa, 1971)
4) Lal, B.B. and S.P. Gupta. : Frontiers of the Indus Civilization (Delhi, Books
& Books,1984)
5) Majumdar, R.C.et al (Ed) : History and Culture of Indian People, Vols, I & II.
6) Raychaudhuri, H.C., : Political History of Ancient India (Reised Edn.
With Commentary by Prof.B.N.Mukherji)
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Course Outcomes:
After completion of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Introduces, Various Geographical Factors, Races Physical Types of India Influence of
these on Various History Factor
CO2: Introduces Various Sources for Historical Writing and Interpretation in Various
Historical event.
CO3: Evolution and Changes in Human Evolution from Hunting Gather in to Civilization
and Various Influences
CO4: Socio-Economic factor during vedic period
CO5: Understanding various religions movements, its influences and indications
Mapping of Programme outcomes with Course outcomes:

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
CO1 2 3
CO2 2 2 3
CO3 3 3
CO4 3
CO5 3 3
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A/H 102(22): AGE OF EMPIRES (B.C. 321 TO 650 A.D.)

Course Objectives: It also deals with the age of foreign incursions, structure of early Indian
society and the nature of economic transformation. Focus is also placed on analysis and
explanation of ancient India’s cultural achievements.
Unit-I:
The Mauryan empire-Chandragupta I and Bindusara-Asoka and His Dhamma the Mauryan
Administrative System-Economic Conditions-Trade-Arts and crafts- Fall of the Mauryan
Empire.
Unit-II:
The Indo and Bactrian Greeks-The kushana Empire-KanishkaII-The Satavahna of Deccan
and South India-The Sakas – Kharavela of Kalinga-The Satavahana Imperial Administration.
The Early Pandya.Chola and Chera Kingdoms of South India.
Unit-III:
The Early Guptas and their Rise to Power-ChandraguptaI-Samudragupta and the Imperial
Expansion-ChandraguptaII-Skandapupta, Budha Gupta and Puru Gupta –The Gupta
Administration Beginnings of Feudal Trends-Trends –The CulturalFluorescence the Gupta
Period-Art and Architecture.
Unit-IV:
The Huna Invasions-The Later Guptas-The Mukharis-The Pushyabhutis-Harshvardhana
The Chalukyas of Badmi-The Early Pallavas.
Unit-V:
Economic and Social Development’s-The Mahayana and Vajrayana forms of Buddhism –
The Decline of Buddhism-Buddhist contribution to Indian Culture, Art and Architecture
The Puranic Theism and the Beginning and Growth of Temple Architecture.
Course Outcomes: Student will also be well versed with different analytical approaches and
models of interpretation.
Suggested Readings:
1) Basham, A.L. The Wonder That Was India.
2) Chanmpakalakshmi,R., Trade, Ideology and Urbanization:South India 300 B.C.to AD.1300.
3) Chanana, DEvraj. Slavery in Ancient India
4) Jha.D.N.(Ed) Feudal Social Formation in Early India.
5) ---do--- Economy and Society in Early India: Issues and Paradigms.
6) Maity, S.K. Economic Life in North India in the Gupta Period 300AD-550AD.
7) Majumdar, R.C. et al. (Eds) History and culture of the Indian People, Vol.III The Classical Age.
8) Sastru, K.A.N.,(Ed) Comprehensive History of India,Vol.II.
9) Majurndar, R.C.(Ed) A Cpmprehensive History of India, Vol. III (in two parts)
10) Raychaudhuri, H.C. Political History of Ancient India (Rev.Edn. with Commentary
By Prof.B.N.Mukherji)
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11) Sahu, B.P. (Ed.) Land System and Rural Society in Early India Delhi,
Manohar,1997
12) Sharma, R.S., Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India.
13) ---do--- Indian Feudalism.
14) ---do--- Perspectives in Social and Economic History of Early
15) ---do---. Urban Decay in India.c.300-1000
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Rise of Art and fall of Mauryan Empire, Socio, Economic and Religion factors
CO2: Rise of various power like Bactrian Greeks, the Kushhana, Satavahna, Kalinga, Pandya
Chola Kings
CO3: Rise of Gupta empire its influence on socio, Economic and cultural
CO4: Rise of Hunes, Harshvardhana, The Chalukyas of Badmi and The Early Pallavas
CO5: Socio, Economic, Religious Development Evolution and Cultural Changes

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
CO1 3 2
CO2 3 2
CO3 3 2
CO4 3
CO5 2 3
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A/H 103 (22): HISTORY OF ANDHRAS

(FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO 1070 A.D.)
Course Objectives: This course introduces to the students the geographical features, sources,
political formation, the region under Maurya and Satavahana rule, rise of local powers, their
role in political, social, economic, religious development, cultural heritage and inter
dependence of the region.
Unit – I:
Source Material for the Study of Andhra History – Aryanization of South India – Andhradesa
– Political and Cultural Conditions of Andhraesa before the Mauryan Empire. The Expansion
of Mauryan Empire and Asoka.
Unit – II:
The Satavahanas – Andhra-Satavahana Identity – Original Home of the Satavahanas
Chronology- Relations with the Western Kshatrapas-Cultural Conditions of Andhradesh under
the Satavathnas.
Unit–III:
Successors of the Satavahans – The Ikshvakus of Vijayapuri-Buddhism in Andhradesa
Unit-IV:
The Salankayanas of Vengi-The Vishnukundins-The Early Pallavas-Cultural conditions of
the Time.
Unit-V:
The Eastern Chalukyas-Relations with the Rashtrakutas-Andhradesa as the bone of
contention between the Imperial cholas and the Western the Imperial Cholas and The Wester
Chalukyas of Kalyanai-Decline of the Chalukyan power under the Chola-Chalukya Viceroys.
Course Outcomes: Regional history is becoming more and more popular, for it has inherit
potential of taping varied kinds of sources for understanding the divergent aspects of local
heritage and culture.
Suggested Readings:
1) Rama Rao., M., : Early History of Andhra Pradesh
2) Yazdani, G., (Ed) : Early History of Deccan. Vols. I and II
3) Gopalachari, K. : Early History of Andhra Country.
4) Sircar, D.C. : Successors of Satavahanas in Lower Deccan.
5) Hanumantha Rao, B.S.L. : AndhrulaCharitra (Telugu).
6) -do- : Religion in Andhra
7) Bhankarkar,R.G. : Early History of the Deccan.
8) Sankaranarayanan,S., : The Visnukundis and their Times.
9) Sarma, P.S.R., : History of Andhradesa (Telugu)
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Course Outcomes:

CO1: Introduces various sources for historical writing and interpretation of various Historical
events in Andhra History
CO2: Rise Satavahanas power socio, Economic religious cultural influences
CO3: Ikshvakus Rule and various evolutions stages in Buddhism
CO4: Cultural changes during Salankayanas of Vengi, Vishnukundins
CO5: Rise of fall of eastern Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Imperial cholas, Wester Chalukyas of
Kalyanai

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
CO1 2 3
CO2 3 2
CO3 3 2
CO4 3
CO5 3
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A 104 (22): PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF ARCHAEOLOGY
Course Objectives: The course includes theoretical training in field methods including
process of archaeological investigation from the discovery of sites to their excavation and
analysis excavation techniques, methods of Data retrieval, Chronology and Dating Methods,
Documentation, Conservation and Preservation, and the role of archaeology in heritage
management
Unit – I:
Definition, Nature and Scope of Archaeology – Relation of Archaeology with pure sciences
Unit – II:
Exploration: Surface Exploration – Surface Indications – Study of Maps – Aerial Survey and
Photography – Reference in Literature and local lore – Under – Water Exploration.
Unit – III:
Excavation: Lay-out of trenches – vertical and horizontal excavation Excavation of circular
Structures – Three-Dimensional recording-Pottery yard.
Unit – IV:
Chronology –Relative Chronology – Typology, Stratigraphy and Flourine Test – Absolute
Chronology-Dendo Chronology and Radio Carbon Dating.
Unit – V:
Use of Ethnographic date for Cultural Reconstruction –Threats to Archaeological Sites
Natural and Man-made - Transplantion of Monuments Nagarjunakonda and Srisailam.
Course Outcomes: Familiarized with basic descriptive technique and preliminary study of
various categories of objects and the practical methods of doing Archaeological work
Suggested Readings:
1) Child, V.G., (1995), Piecing Together the Past.
2) Clark, J.G.D., (1960), Archaeology and Society
3) Raman, K.V., (1991), Principles and Methods of Archaeology.
4) Wheeler, R.E.M., (1954), Archaeology from the Earth.
5) Joseph. W., (1973), Dating Methods in Archaeology.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Nature and Scope of Archaeology and its Relation with Sciences
CO2: Understanding Scientific Exploration methods
CO3: Understanding Excavation Methods
CO4: Understanding Scientific Dating Methods for the Analysis
CO5: Using Ethnographic date for the Reconstruction of past human History
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PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
CO1 3 3
CO2 3 2
CO3 3
CO4 3 2
CO5 3 2
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A/H 105.1 (22): ANCIENT WORLD CIVILIZATION

Course Objectives: This course will also help the students to assess the ancient societies in
the light of their contribution to political, social structure, religion, literature, science and
technology, trade and commerce, Art and Architecture.
Unit – I:
Ancient Egyptian Civilization – Sources – Geographical Factors – The Old Kingdom – The
Middle Kingdom – The New Kingdom – Egyptian Society – Government – Economy –
Religion – Art and Architecture.Mesopotamian Civilization – Geographical Factors – The
Sumerians and City – States – The Babylonian Empire – Science – Literature, Society.
Unit – II:
Law Codes of Hammurabi – Hittite Conquest – Assyrian Conquest – The Chaldean or New
Babylonian Empire – Persian Invasion [539 B.C.] Ancient Greece – Historical Background –
Geographical Influence – Development of City – States – Athenian Democracy – Wars with
Persia [492 B.C]
Unit – III:
Greek Philosophy – Education – Literature – Science – Art and Architecture – Decline of
Greece – The Age of Alexander the Great. Ancient China – Geographical Factors – Political
History – The Han Dynasty Polity – Economic Conditions – Trade and Commerce.
Unit – IV:
Ancient China Religion and Philosophy – Buddhism – Confucianism – Taoism – Art and
Architecture. Ancient Rome – Geography of The Italian Peninsula – The Age of The Kings –
The Roman Republic – Conquest of Italy [366-264 B.C.] – The Punic Wars – Republic to
Empire [133 to 31 B.C]
Unit – V:
The First Triumvirate – Rule of Julius Caesar [49-44 B.C] – Society – Religion – Philosophy
– Literature – Art and Architecture – Engineering and Technology. Indus Civilization –
Origin – Extent – Urbanization Its Features Art and Architecture – Harappan Society –
Economy, Agriculture, Trade and Commerce – Religion – Script – End of Indus Civilization.
Course Outcomes: Students gain familiarity with the rise and characteristic features of the
ancient world Civilizations, its regional extent and variation.
REFERENCES:
1) Wooley L and Hawker, J – History of Mankind, UNESCO, Vols. 1-3.
2) Chester G Starr – History of Ancient World, Oxford University Press, New York, 1974
3) Max Savelle, - A History of World Civilization, New York, 1963
4) Swain Edgar. – History of World Civilization, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1984
5) Wells, HJ. – A Short History of the World, New Delhi, 1992 [2 nd Ed. 2007]
6) Herman Schinider – History of the World Civilization, London, 1931
7) Hutchinson Ancient World History of Civilization
8) Breastead, J.H. – Ancient Egypt, New York , 1909
9) Oppenhiem, A.L. – Ancient Mesapotamia, Chicago, 1964
10) Delaportie, L. – Mesopotamian Civilization, New York, 1925
Page 25 of 69
11) Finely, M.L. – Ancient Greeks, Penguin Books, Reprint, 1991

12) Bury, J.B. – A History of Greece, New York, 1951
13) Fair bank, J.K., - [Ed]., Ancient Cities of Indus
14) Allchin, B., & Allchin, R., - The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, Revised
Edition, 1983
15) Possell George [Ed], Ancient Cities of Indus, New Delhi, 1979
16) Bodo Veethoff, - Introduction to Chinese History from Ancient Times to 1912, London
17) Mommensen, T., - History of Rome, New York, 1903
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Rise of civilization and kingdoms – Economy, Art and Religion and their influences
CO2: Different conquests and its consequence in the world
CO3: Philosophy Education, Art, Literature and Science changes and spread in the world
CO4: Religion, Philosophy, Buddhism, Taoism in China and Rome their influence
CO5: The First Triumvirate, Julius Caesar, Cultural Evolution, Indus Civilization

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
CO1 2 2
CO2 2 2
CO3 2
CO4 2
CO5 2
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A 105.2 (22): INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY
Course Objectives: This course introduces to the external elective students the basic concept
of Archaeology, the definition, aims and scope of archaeology and its relevance to other
sciences, pre-proto historic cultures and also importance of epigraphy and numismatic
studies.
Unit – I:
Definition –e– Nature – Scope-Terminology – Value – Archaeology in India.
Unit – II:
Archaeolgoy and its Relations with other Disciplines – Social Sciences – Natural Sciences
Physical Sciences.
Unit – III:
Indian Pre-History of India – Proto History of India-Early Historical Archaeology.
Unit – IV:
Nature and Scope of Epigraphy – Origin of writing in India – Paleolographic formula e–
Writing materials.
Unit – V:
Numismatics – Scope, function – Origin of Coinage in India – Use of Numismatics as a
source for Writing History.
Course Outcomes: students can acquire the knowledge about the importance of
archeological studies, its relevance to other sciences.
Suggested readings:
1) R. E. M. Wheeler – Archaeology from the Earth.
2) K.V. Raman – Principles and Methods of Archaeology.
3) H.D. Sankalia – Indian Archaeology Today.
4) K. Paddayya – New Archaeology after Math.
5) Dilip K. Chakrabarthy – A History of Indian Archaeology
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Archaeology and Its Nature and Scope for Interpreting Past cultures
CO2: Understanding Archaeology Relation with Other Disciplines
CO3: Understanding Indian Pre History, Proto History and Early History, Reconstruction of
Past Human History
CO4: Reconstructing the Human Past Based on Epigraphy
CO5: Reconstructing the Human Past Based On Numismatics
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PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
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A 105.3 (22): MODERN WESTERN ART
Course Objectives: The course surveys the evolution of different modern western Art forms
different paints their art forms.
Unit – I
Introduction of western art: Modern Art-Modernism-Post impressionism – Sewrat, Cezzane,
Gauguin, Vangogh, Pissaro – Symbolism led to the first twentieth century Fauvism in France
and Germany.
Unit – II
Romanticism: Goya, Delacroix, Constable, Turner
Unit – III
Realism: Courbet, Millet, Corot, Daumier, Impressionism-Monet-Manet-Deges-Renoir
Unit – IV
Other important painters-Munch, Lawtrec-Fauvism-Matisse, Vlaminck-Cubism: Picasso,
Brawue-Expressionism: Die-bruche, Kirchner,Nolde.
Unit – V
Dada and Surrealism: Chirico, Duchamp, Arp, Max Ernist, Miro, Doli, Picabla, - Abstraction:
kandinsky, Klee, Willam De, Kooning, Polluck, Mark Rothko.
POP ART: David Hockney, Andy warbole, - Minimal and kinetic art-important Sculptor:
Bran cusi, Henry Moore, Giocmeti, Rodin.
Course Outcomes: Student become familiar with the modern western, art forms, features,
styles and art schools.
Reference Books:
1) Arnason-History of modern art
2) L.Lippart-Pop Art
3) J. Rewalf – History of Impressionism
4) Rosenblum – Cubism and 20th century Art
5) William R.Everdell – The first Moderns: Profiles in the origins of twentieth century
thought, University of Chicago- 1997
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Western Art
CO2: Understanding Romanticism in Western Art
CO3: Understanding Realism in Western Art
CO4: Analysis Deferent Western Artists
CO5: Analysis Deferent aspects of Western Art
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Second
Semester
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SEMESTER-II
A 201 (22): OUTLINES OF OLD WORLD PRE-HISTORY
Course Objectives: The course intended to provide knowledge on the basic features of
prehistoric archaeology, quaternary periods, pre-historic sites, and old world place in human
evolution. It also tracks the development and spread of agriculture during the Neolithic.
Unit – I
Nature and Scope of Pre-Historic and Proto-historic Archaeology-Stone Age Divisions-tool
Types and Techniques
Unit – II
General Features of the Lower Paleolithic Culture of Olduvai Gorge-the Acheulian Phase in
Africa
Unit – III
General Features of the Acheulian Phase in Europe and Non-Hand-axe Industries
Unit – IV
General Features of Mousterian Phase in Europe-Upper Paleolithic Phase in Europe-Upper
Paleolithic Art
Unit – V
General Features of the Natufian Culture-Rise of Neolithic Societies in West Asia.
Course Outcomes: Students will develop a strong foundation and critical understanding of
the pre-proto cultures of old world.
Suggested Readings:
1) Border, F. Old Stone Age
2) Burkitt, M. Old Stone Age
3) Childe, V.G. Man Makes Himself
4) Mallart, J. Earliest Civilizations of Near East
5) Child, V.G. New Light on the Most Ancient East
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Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding the Pre and Proto History of Old World
CO2: Analysis and Reconstruction of Acheulian Phase in Africa
CO3: Analysis and Reconstruction of Acheulian Phase in Europe
CO4: Understanding and Analysis Mousterian and Upper Paleolithic Period in Europe
CO5: Understanding Natufian and Neolithic Cultures

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A 202 (22): HISTORY OF INDIAN ART
Course Objectives: The course surveys the evolution of Art and sculpture of the Jain,
Buddhist and Hindu religious contexts in India and their transformation through the years.
Unit – I:
Symbolism in Indian Art – Pre-Historic Rock-Art – Terracotta Art.
Unit – II:
Art of the Harappan Times – Art of Maurya-Sunga Times Kushana Times-Gupta Period
Unit – III:
Chandella Art-Khajuraho-Eastern Ganga Art-Bhuwaneshwar Puri and Konark
Unit- IV:
Sculptural Art of Amaravati-Nagarjunakonda-Sculptural Art of the Chalukyas-The Hoyasals
- The Kakatiyas.
Unit - V:
Sculpture and bronzes of the Pallava, Chola and Vijayanagara periods.
Course Outcomes: Students become familiar with the monuments and their sculptures, art
forms, features, styles and art schools of India during the period covered in the course.
Suggested readings:
1) Barrett, Douglas, Sculptures from Amaravati in the British Museum.
2) Coomaraswamy, A.K., History of Indian and Indonesian Art .
3) Ganguly, O.C., Andhra Sculpture.
4) GopalakrishnaMurthy,S., The Kakatiya Sculpture.
5) Kramarisch, Stella., The Art of India through the Ages.
6) Ramaswamy, N.S., Art of Amaravati.
7) Ray, Niharranjan., Idea and Image in Indian Art.
8) Rajendra Prasad, B., Art of South India – Andhra Pradesh.
9) –do- ., Sculptural Art of Andhra Pradesh.
10) Saraswati,S.K., Indian Sculpture.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Symbolism and Social Implication and Art of Rock Art and Terracotta
Art
CO2: Understanding Art and Social Implications of Harappan, Maurya, Sunga, Kushana
Gupta Art
CO3: Analyzing the Chandella Art to Khajuraho
CO4: Analyzing the Sculptural Art from Amaravati to Kakatiyas
CO5: Analyzing Sculpture and bronzes the Pallavas, the Hoyasals, the Kakatiyas
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A/H 203 (22): HISTORY OF ANDHRAS (FROM 1070 TO 1650)

Course Objectives: Students were able to possess understanding about American War of
Independence. Will understand issue of Slavery and Anti Slavery Movement and Progressive
Era.
Unit I:
Political Conditions of Andhradesa at the Rise of the Kakatiyas – Origin of the Kakatiyas –
Ganapatideva- Rudramadevi – Prataparudra – Muslim Invasions on Andhradesa and fall of
the Kakatiyas.
Unit II: Resistance to the Muslim Expansionism – The Musunuri Chiefs – Prolayanayaka
and Kapayanayaka – The Reddi Kingdoms of Kondavidu and Rajahmundry – Cultural
Developments during the period.
Unit III: TheVijayanagara Kingdom – Theories about the foundation – The Sangama dynasty
– Harihara and Bukka – Harihara II – Devaraya I – Devaraya II – Fall of the Sangama
Dynasty – Mallikarjuna and Virupaksha II – Relations with the Reddi Kingdoms.
Unit IV:
TheVijayanagara Kingdom under the Saluva and Tuluva kings – Saluva Narasimha and his
Career – Regency of Narasanayaka and Usurpation of Power – Vira Narasimha –
Krishnadevaraya- Achyutaraya and Sadasivaraya – Aliya Ramaraya and the Battle of
Rakshasi – Tangadi.
Unit V:
TheVijayanagara Kingdom under the Araviti Chiefs – Tirumala Nayaka Sri Rangaraya –
Venkatapati II – Fall of the Araviti kingdom – Administration of the vijayanagara kingdom –
The Nayankara System – Literature of Vijayanagara Times.
Course Outcomes: The course introduces coming of Europeans, Andhra under French and
British rule, role of Andhras in various phases of freedom movement. The study also intended
to focus on the movement of separate Andhra state , movement for formation of Andhra
Pradesh.
Suggested Readings:
1) Parabrahma Sastry, P.V., : Kakatiyas of Warangal.
2) SomasekharaSarma, M., : A Forgotten Chapter in Andhra History.
3) ---do--- : History of the Reddi Kingdoms.
4) Sewell, R., : A Forgotten Empire.
5) NilakantaSastri, K.A., : A History of South India.
6) --do—& Venkatarmanayya, N. : Further Sources of Vijayanagara Empire. 3 Vols.
7) Venkataramanayya, N., : Early Muslim Expansion in South India.
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8) ---do--- : The Vijayanagara: Origin of the City and the empire.

9) ---do-- : Studies in Thid Dynasty of Vijayanagara.
10) Mahalingam, T.V., : Administration and Social Life Under Vijayanagara,
2 Vols.
11) Sherwani, H.K. & Joshi, P.M., : History of Medieval Deccan, 2 Vols.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Rise of the Kakatiyas Political Power – Muslim Invasions and Consequences
CO2: Musunuri Chiefs, Reddi Kingdoms, Cultural Conditions overall consequences
CO3: Rise of Vijayanagara Kingdom, Political Ideas
CO4: Vijayanagara Political Power and Consequences
CO5: Cultural Conditions, Ideas and Instructions during Vijayanagara Period

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A 204 (22): FIELD WORK/SITE VISIT + REPORT WRITING +

PRESENTATION
Course Objectives: Project based on the education tour to any site of cultural significance,
archeological sites, Art Galleries or Museum. The Educational Tour will take place at least
once in an academic semester. The project will comprise of: The student’s firsthand
experiencce with monuments, art or artifacts.
Interaction with caretakers of the monument, art Curators, Gallery owners, Museum
director/s, etcetera
To write a brief synopsis highlighting the experience
OR
Project based on social awareness: students will be required to choose any subject of social
relevance and develop a project.
Course Outcomes:
1) Ability to develop a research aptitude and engage with monuments of historical
significance, archeological site or any other space or site of cultural importance.
2) Research ability to engage critically with social issues and develop a project.
3) Ability to develop research methodology and writing skills to review an archeological
sight, monument or museum.
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A 205.1 (22) : INDIAN EPIGRAPHY
Course Objectives: The course is designed to impart basic professional knowledge about the
studies in inscriptions. The course introduces to the students the meaning, scope and
relevance of Palaeography and Epigraphy in general, the antiquity of writing ,the
decipherment of Indus script, Kharohshti script and Brāhmī script, their origin, features and
development
Unit – I:
Nature and Scope of Epigraphy - Origin and History of writing in India - Decipherment of
Brahmi Script.
Unit – II:
Writing Materials - Palaeographical formulae – Types of Records – Dating of the
Inscriptions.
Unit – III:
Evolution of Telugu Script from Brahmi – Estampage making and Editing of Inscriptions.
Unit – IV:
Study of the content of the following Inscriptions.
1. Asokan Edicts No’s. I & XIII.
2. Hathigumpa Inscription of Kharavela.
3. Nanaghat Inscription of Naganika.
4. Grinar Inscription of Rudradaman.
5. Nagarjunakonda Inscription B-2 Ayaka Pillar Inscription of Virapurushadatta.
6. Allahabad Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta.
Unit – V:
Historical Importance of the following Inscriptions.
1. Aihole Inscription of Pulakesin II
2. Addanki Inscription of GunagaVijayaditya.
3. Nandampundi Grant of Rajaraja.
4. Chebrolu Inscription of Jayapanayaka
Course Outcomes: Able to understand the different languages used in inscriptions, interpret
the inscription in its Political. Socio-economic and Religious context.
Suggested readings:
1) Buhlar,G., Indian Palaeography.
2) Pandey,R.B., Indian Palaeography.
3) Dani,A.H., Indian Palaeography.
4) Sircar,D.C., Indian Epigraphy.
5) Upasak,C.S., Mauryan Brahmi.
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Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Nature and Scope of Epigraphy, History of Writing in India
CO2: Understanding About Writing Materials, Palaeographical formulae, Dating Evolution
CO3: Understanding Evolution Telugu Script Brahmi – Estampage of Inscriptions
CO4: Studying an Analyzing the Content of Different Important Inscriptions
CO5: Understanding and Analyzing historical Importance of Few Inscriptions

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A 205.2 (22): TEMPLE STUDIES
Course Objectives: This course examines the temple from a variety of perspectives such as
on the forms of worship, origin of temple and image worship, historical growth of temples to
various faiths in Hinduism, and emergence of temple as socio-economic-religious and
cultural institution
UNIT – I:
\Forms of Worship in Ancient India – Image worship – The Origin of the Temple – General
Survey of the Historical Development of Temple Structures – Agamas – Image Making and
Construction of Temples.
UNIT – II:
Styles of Temples: Nagara – Vesara and Dravida Installation of Images in Temples – Vishnu
and Siva, etc with or Without Consorts
UNIT – III:
The Concept of Archavatara – The Placement of Deities in Main and Subsidiary Temples – A
General Study of The Saivite and Vaishnavite Temples – Fairs and Festivals and Vahanas.
UNIT – IV:
A Brief Study of Important Temple – Sri Venkateswara at Tirumala – Sri Kalahastiswara at
Sri Kalahasti, Varadarajaswami Temple at Kanchi and Varahanrasimhaswami Temple at
Simhachalam.
UNIT – V:
Endowment Act – Temple Administration and Duties of Temples Priests (Archakas) –
Trustees and Executive Officers – Activities of Temples.
Course Outcomes: Students can be familiar in understanding the temple culture, knowledge
on the forms of worship, origin and development of image worship, temples and their role in
social,economic, religious , cultural history and professional groups involved in its functions
and administration .
REFERENCES:
1) P.K. Acharya : Principles of Indian Silpasstra
2) V.Varadachari : Agamas and South Indian Vaishnavism
3) C. Anna Rao : Administration of Temples
4) Srinivasan K.R. – Temples of South India
5) Krishnadeva, - Temples of North India
6) H.KrishnaSastri – South Indian Images of Gods and Goddesses
7) T.A. Gopinatha Rao : Elements of Hindu Iconography (2 vols)
8) Stella Kramirish – Indian Sculpture
9) B. Bhattacharya – Indian Images
10) N. Ramesan – The Tirumala Temple
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Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Form of Worship, Evolution of Temple Structure, Image, Agamas
CO2: Understanding difference Temple Styles and Images in Temple
CO3: Understanding Archavatara, Cultural Aspects of Temples, Fairs and Festivals
CO4: Analyzing the Cultural Aspects of Different Impartment Temples
CO5: Under Standing Temple Administration

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A 205.3 (22): INTERNSHIP + REPORT WRITING + PRESENTATION
Course Objectives:
1) The course encourages the students to have a firsthand experience with any reputed artist
or artisan in India and get hands-on experience
2) The project will involve the production of work under the supervision or in collaboration
with the artist/artisan.
or
3) Develop a survey-based project on any form of living art traditions of India.
Course Outcomes:
1) Opportunity to work under direct supervision of a reputed artist or artisan.
2) Ability to develop a critical understanding and intimate insight into the living traditons of
India.
3) Explore possibilities to incorporate the aesthetic content and visual vocabulary of living
traditions and develop an individual work.
4) Ability to develop research methodology and writing skills to review the work and style
of folk, tribal living traditions.
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Third
Semester
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SEMESTER-III
A 301 (22): HISTORY OF INDIAN ARCHITECTURE
Course Objectives: The various architectural features embedded in the ancient monuments
viz, rock-cut and structures of religious and secular, their technique, style, regional variations,
artistic skills, influences would be thrown open to the students to understand the heritage
monuments of this country in right perspectives.
Unit – I:
Sources for the Study of Indian Architecture – Beginnings of Architecture in India The
Harappan and Vedic.
Unit – II:
Architecture of the Maurya – Sunga Period – The Kushana Architecture Architecture of the
Satavahana and I kshvaku Periods. The Buddhist Rock-Cut Architecture of Western India.
Unit – III:
Temple Architecture of the Nagara and Dravida Styles-The Architecture of Gupta Temples
Orissan Temple Architecture emples of Central India of Chandella Period.
Unit – IV:
Temple Architecture in Deccan – Architecture of Western (Early) and Eastern Chalukyas The
Architecture of Rahtrakuta Times – The Western Chalukyan (Kalyani) Architecture-
Architecture of the Hoyasala and Kakatiya Temples.
Unit – V:
Temple Architecture of South India – The Pallava – the Chola Vijayanagar Temples.
Course Outcomes: Students will able to understand the evolution of architecture in India and
their transformation through the ages in their religious, regional and stylistic context.
Suggested Readings:
1) Brown, Percy Indian Architecture (Hindu and Buddhist)
2) Srinivasan, K.R. Temples of South Indian.
3) Krishnadeva Temples of North India
4) Soundararajan,K.V. Indian Temples Styles
5) Sarkar, H., Studies in Buddhist Architecture
6) Kramarisch, Stella. Hindu Temple 2.Vols.
7) Rajendra Prasad,B., Art of South India, Andhra Pradesh.
8) Dahejea,Vidya. Early Rock-Cut Temples.
9) Mitra, Debala, Buddhist Monuments.
10) Mastaniah, B., Temples of Mukhalingam
11) Radhakrishna Sarma,M., Temples of Telangana
12) M.B.Meister, Krishnnadev Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture
Course Outcomes:
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CO1: Understanding Beginnings of Indian Architecture
CO2: Evolution and Analyzing Maurya, Sunga, Kushana, Buddhist Rock Architecture
CO3: Evolution and Analyzing of Temple Architecture
CO4: Evolution and Analyzing of Temple Architecture
CO5: Evolution and Analyzing Pallava, Chola, Vijayanagar Temples

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A 302 (22): NUMISMATICS
Course Objectives: The course aimed to introduce the currency system of ancient India and
acquaint the development in the coinage. The basic thrust of this course is to establish the
relevance and significance of Numismatic studies in ancient Indian history.
Unit – I:
Numismatics as source material for the reconstruction of ancient Indian History – Origin
and Evolution of Coinage in India – Punch marked Coins.
Unit – II:
India Creek Coinage – Coinage of Kushana Kings (Kadphises Group) – The Gupta Coinage,
Samudragupta, Chandragupta II and Vikramaditya – Kumaragupta.
Unit – III:
Andhra Satavahana coinage – Coinage of Gautamiputra Satakarni- Late Satavahana Coinage.
Unit – IV:
The Coinage of Ikshvakus The Vishnukundin Coinage – The Coinage of Chalukya – Chola
Kings.
Unit – V:
The Coinage of Vijayanagara Kings – Sangam, Saluva – Tuluva and Aravidu Kings.
Course Outcomes: Students will be able to identify and decipher the coins. They will also
be able to understand the socio-political background that accurse through the coinage of that
time; thus getting holistic picture of economic and monetary system prevalent in ancient and
medieval India
Suggested Readings:
1) Gupta, P.L., Coins.
2) Bhaskar Chattopdhaya., The Kushana Coins.
3) Aletkas, A.S., The Coinage of Gupta Empire.
4) Chattopadhaya, B.D., Indo Greek Coins.
5) Narian, A.K., Indo Greek Coins.
6) Maity, S.K., Coins and Currency Systems in South India.
7) AjaimitraSastri., The Satavahana Coinage.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding the Numismatics as source material and its evolution to interpret past
Human Events and Cultures
CO2: Analyzing Indio Greek, Kushana, Gupta, Coinage in Reconstructing the Human Past
CO3: Analyzing Satavahana, Late Satavahana Coinage for the Reconstruction of Human Past
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CO4: Analyzing Ikshvakus, the Vishnukund, Chalukya, Chola Coins for Reconstruction of
Human Past
CO5: Analyzing Ikshvakus, Vijayanagara, the Vishnukund, Chalukya, Chola Vijayanagara
Coins for Reconstruction of Human Past

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A 303 (22): SOFT SKILLS IN ARCHAEOLOGY
Course Objectives: This soft skill programme intended to promote basic theoretical and
practical knowledge on computer introduction, functions, programming and data
management, skills in techniques such as advanced landscape, GIS, spatial analysis, remote
sensing, mapping, photography etc methods.
Unit – I:
History of Computer – Components of Computer – Hardware – Software – Functions of
Computer – (CPU-Input – Memory – Processing – Out Put) – Operating Systems –
Programming and Languages.
Unit – II:
MS Office (MS Word – MS Excel – M.S Power Point – MS Teams)
Unit – III:
Computer in Archaeology – Printed Sources – Internet Sources – World Wide Web –
Electronic Publishing – Bibliographic Service – General Computing and IT Skills – Net
Working – Web Science.
Unit – IV:
Computational Archaeology – Computational Approaches in Archaeology and Human
History – GIS – Remote Sensing – Landscape Survey – Planning – Point Process Modeling –
Artifact Identification – Finds Processing – Data Mining – Exploratory Data Analysis in
Archaeology – Scanning – Documentation.
Unit – V:
Photography – Computer Based Mapping – CAD and 3D in Archaeology – NMMA
Course Outcomes: They can expertise the working skills in computational archaeology and
be able to equip for future research and enhance employability.
REFERENCES:
1) Gary Lock – Using Computers in Archaeology, 2003
2) Benjamin C. Pierce – Types and Programming Languages
3) R.S. Salaria – Computer Fundamentals
4) Charles Petzold – The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software
5) Computational Archaeology – Wikipedia
6) www.researchgate.net/publication/computational Archaeology
7) Isaacullah.githu.io/what is computational Archaeology
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Introducing, Types of soft Skills
CO2: Understanding different Soft Skills
CO3: Understanding Oral Communication Skills
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CO4: Written Communication Skills Use Full in Reconstructing History

CO5: Employability Skills in Reconstruction of History

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A/H 304 (22): HISTORICAL METHOD

Course Objectives: This course aims at developing greater understanding the meaning,
scope, purpose, principles and facets of history.
Unit –I:
Meaning and Scope of History – Definition – Nature and Scope of History – Value of
History.
Unit- II:
Historical Process – Facts and Historian – Evidence and its Transmission – Society and
Individual - History as Science and Art – Conclusion.
Unit- III:
Methodology – Collection and Selection of Data – Synthesis and Exposition – Foot Notes –
Errors of History – Objectivity in History.
Unit -IV:
History and Other Disciplines – Archaeology – Geography – Anthropology – Sociology –
Politics – Philosophy and Literature.
Unit- V:
Major Theories of History – Cyclical Theory – Historical Materialism.
Course Outcomes: The students can familiarize with historical studies, the theories and
methods used in the practice of history writing. Students also gain foundation knowledge on
Historical Methods and fundamentals of research methodology
Readings Books:
1) Sheik Ali, B. : History: Its Theory and Method.
2) Carr, E.H., : What is History?
3) Colling wood, R.G., : The Idea of History
4) NilakantaSastri, K.A., : Historical Method with Special Reference to India.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Meaning, Nature of Scope of History
CO2: Understanding Historical Process, Society and Individual
CO3: Understanding Historical Methodology
CO4: Understanding History relation with other disciplines
CO5: Understanding Major Theories of History
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A 305.1 (22): ICONOGRAPHY
Course Objectives: The course is designed to impart basic professional knowledge about the
studies in iconography. The course introduces to the students the meaning, scope and
relevance of iconography. Describes different Iconographic features of, Buddhism, Jainism
and Hinduism
Unit – I:
Principles and sources of iconography – Mudras, Asanas and Ayudhas of Dieties.
Unit – II:
Buddhist and Jaina Iconography – Origin of Buddha Images - Mahaveera.
Unit – III:
Iconography of Vishnu – Dasavataras of Vishnu-Origin of Vishnuchakras
Unit – IV:
Iconography of Siva AnugrahamurtisSamharamurtis, Nataraja.
Unit – V:
Iconography of Shakti Images & Minor Deities – Yaksha, Yakshini, Ganesha, Kumara.
Course Outcomes: Able to understand the different iconographic features, interpret the
symbols. Socio-economic and Religious context.
Suggested Readings:
1) Banerjee, J.N., Development of Hindu Iconography.
2) Bhattasali, N. K., Iconography of Buddhist and Brahmanical Sculptures in the
3) Deccan Museum.
4) Desai Kalphana., Iconography of Vishnu.
5) Srivastava, B., Iconography of Shakthi.
6) Bhattacharya, B., Indian Buddhist Iconography.
7) Bhattacharya, B.C., Jain Iconography.
8) 7. Gopinath, T.A., Elements of Hindu Iconography Vol. I & Vol. II.
9) Sahai Bhagvant., Iconography of Minor Hindu and Buddhist Dieties.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Iconography as Source Material for the reconstruction of Religions
beliefs
CO2: Understanding Buddhist and Jaina Iconography for better understanding their
Religions and belief system
CO3: Understanding and Analyzing Dasavataras of Vishnu to Better Understanding the
Religions belief system
CO4: Understanding and Analyzing Siva to Better Understanding the Religions belief system
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CO5: Understanding and Analyzing Shakti Images and other to Better Understanding the
Religions belief system

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A/H 305.2 (22): INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

Course Objectives:: The objective of this course is to look at the detailed archaeological
record of the Indus Valley Civilization, the earliest in the Indian subcontinent
Unit – I:
Development of Food production and Domestication of animals – Mehrgarh – Burzahom
and Gufkral Amri – Nal
Unit – II:
Mohenjo daro - Harappa – Dholavira – Rakhigarhi – Kot Diji – Kalibangan – Lothal.
Unit – III:
The Technology of the Indus Age – The Architecture of the Indus age – The art of the Indus
civilization – The Indus script.
Unit- IV:
Indus Religion – Burial customs – Trade Hinter land and overseas – transport facility.
Unit – V:
Various factors and theories of the Harappan Decline – Late Harappan Phase subsistence of
Harappans plants and animal diet
Course Outcomes: Students gain familiarity with the rise and decline of the Indus Valley
Civilizations, its regional extent and variation and the nature of its cities and material
remains.
Suggested Readings:
1) Allchin - The Rice of Civilization in India and Pakistan
2) D.P. Agarwal - Archaeology of Indus
3) Gregory L. Possehl - Ancient cities of the Indus
4) Gregory L. Possehl - The Indus Civilization
A Contemporary perspective
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Reconstruction of Beginning of Food Production Period in Importance Sites
CO2: Understanding and Analyzing the Indus Valley Civilization by Studying Important
sites
CO3: Understanding Indus Valley Technology, Architecture, Art, and Script
CO4: Understanding Indus Valley Religion Trade, Transport etc.
CO5: Analyzing various Factors In relation to Harappan Decline
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Fourth
Semester
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SEMESTER-IV
A 401 (22): HISTORY OF INDIAN PAINTINGS
Course Objectives: The course surveys the evolution of Art and paintings of the Jain,
Buddhist and Hindu religious contexts in India and their transformation through the years.
Unit - I:
Texts on Painting – Tools and Materials – Prehistoric art.
Unit – II:
Paintings of the Satavahana – Kushana periods.
Unit –III:
Murals of Gupta – Vakataka age.
Unit –IV:
Paintings of Pallava – Pandya – Rastrakuta – Chola Periods.
Unit –V:
Murals of Hoyasala – Kakatiya – Vijayanagara – Nayak Periods.
Course Outcomes: Students become familiar with the monuments and their paintings, art
forms, features, styles and art schools of India during the period covered in the course.
Suggested Readings:
1) C. Sivarama Murthy : Indian Paintings
2) Debela Mitra : Ajanta
3) C. Sivarama Murthy : South Indian Paintings
4) A.K. Coormaraswamy : Technique and Theory of Indian Painting
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Sources for Indian Painting
CO2: Understanding the Satavahana, Kushana Painting for Analyzing Social and Religious
Aspects
CO3: Understanding Gupta, Vakataka, Murals
CO4: Understanding the Pallava, Pandya, Rastrakuta, Chola Periods Painting for Analyzing
Social and Religious Aspects
CO5: Understanding the Hoyasala, Kakatiya, Vijayanagara, Nayak Periods Murals for
Analyzing Social and Religious Aspects
Page 57 of 69
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
CO1 3
CO2 2 2
CO3 3
CO4 2 3
CO5 3
Page 58 of 69
A 402 (22): MUSEOLOGY
Course Objectives: The objective of this course is to introduce students to the purpose and
functioning of museums. The importance of museums in linking archaeology with public
education is stressed.
Unit – I:
Museum - Definition – features and Purpose – History of Museum Movement Types of
Museums and their educative value.
Unit – II:
Location-Staff and Organization of museum.
Unit – III:
Collection of objects and Cataloguing and Indexing – methods of display – Temporary
exhibitions.
Unit – IV:
Museum Security – Press and Publications, guidebooks,brochures, plaster models.
Unit – V:
Conservation and preservation of Museum objects-Stone objects, terracottas-metal objects-
Organic objects.
Course Outcomes: Students can learn the basic nature, functions of museums and their
activities. The students were able to acquire the essential skills and knowledge needed for
Museum profession.
Suggested Readings:
1) UNESCO
2) UNESCO ; Conservation of cultural property
3) John Marshal., Conservation Manual.
4) Siva Rama Murthy, C., Directory of Museum in India.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding types of Museology their Purpose
CO2: Understanding Location and Organization of Museums
CO3: Understanding Collection and Display of Objects
CO4: Understanding the Need of Museum security and Publication
CO5: Understand the method and need of Conservation and Presentation
Page 59 of 69

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
CO1 3
CO2 3
CO3 3
CO4 3
CO5 2 2
Page 60 of 69
A 403 (22): RESEARCH PROJECT (DISSERTATION, VIVA-VOCE)
Course Objectives:
 Project based on the exploration of New Archaeological sites, education tour to any site
of cultural significance, archeological sites, Art Galleries or Museum. The Educational
Tour will take place at least once in an academic semester. The project will comprise of:
The student’s firsthand experiencce with monuments, art or artifacts.
 Interaction with caretakers of the monument, art Curators, Gallery owners, Museum
director/s, etcetera
 To write a brief synopsis highlighting the experience
OR
 Project based on social awareness: students will be required to choose any subject of
social relevance and develop a project.
Course Outcomes:
1) Ability to develop a research aptitude exploration of New Archaeological sites and
engage with monuments of historical significance, archeological site or any other space or
site of cultural importance.
2) Research ability to engage critically with social issues and develop a project.
3) Ability to develop research methodology and writing skills to review an archeological
sight, monument or museum.
Page 61 of 69
A 404 (22): PRE-HISTORY & PROTO HISTORY OF INDIAN
Course Objectives: The course intended to provide knowledge on the basic features of
prehistoric archaeology, quaternary periods, pre-historic sites, and India’s place in human
evolution. It also tracks the development and spread of agriculture during the Neolithic,
through to the rise of Harappan urbanism. The Early Iron Age and its cultures notably Painted
Gray Ware & Northe
Unit – I:
Nature and scope of Pre-history and Proto-history – Stone Age divisions – Tool types
techniques.
Unit-II:
General feature of the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Cultures.
Unit – III:
Mesolithic culture – general feature of the Northern, Eastern and Southern Neolithic
Cultures– Rock Art.
Unit –IV:
Early-Harappan and Mature Harappan Cultures Centres – Town Planning – Trade –
Arts – Pottery – Seals – Decline of Harappan cities.
Unit – V:
Copper Hoards and O.C.P – P.G.W and NBPW – Beginnings of Iron Age in India –
Megalithic burial types of South India.
Course Outcomes: Students will develop a strong foundation and critical understanding of
the pre-proto cultures of India
Suggested Readings:
1) Allchin, Bridget and Raymond – The Birth of Indian Civilization.
2) Walter Fairservice Jr – The Roots of Ancient India.
3) Allchin and Allchin - - The Rise of Civilization in India.
4) R.E.M. Wheeler – Indian Civilization.
5) H.D. Sankalia – Prehistory and Protohistory of India.
6) N.R. Banarjee – The Iron Age in India.
7) K.P.Rao – Deccan Megaliths.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Nature and Scope and Stone Age Division.
CO2: Ability to Understand and Analyze the Lower, Middle, Upper Palaeolithic
Cultures to reconstruct the Human Past.
CO3: Understanding and Analyzing the Mesolithic and Neolithic Cultures
Reconstruct the Past.
CO4: Understanding and Analyzing Various Cultural Aspects of Harappan Cultures.
Page 62 of 69
CO5: Understanding and Analyzing of O.C.P, Iron Age and Megalithic burial for the
Reconstruction of Past.

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
CO1 3
CO2 2 3
CO3 2 3
CO4 2 3
CO5 2 3
Page 63 of 69
A 405.1 (22): EARLY HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Course Objectives: The aim of the course is to provide useful knowledge of the Tourism
Industry in relevance to History and cultural attractions of India. The course can provide
more in depth insight in to the specific aspects of tourism industry, fundamentals, basic
concepts, socio-economic significance, tourism as industry, role of Governments at state and
central in its promotion, besides special focus on Archaeological, historical, cultural and
natural heritage of India as attractions of tourism .
Unit– I:
Nature and Scope of Historical Archaeology, Its correlation with literary sources.
Unit– II:
Historicity and archaeological evidences related to Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Unit– III:
The Concept of Second Urbanization – Topology of the cities, The beginning of the history
in various regions of the subcontinent.
Unit– IV:
The Sequence and settlement of the areas mentioned below with reference to type sites –
Sanchi,Mathura,Pataliputra,Sisupalgarh..
Unit– V:
Amaravati, Nagarjunakonda, , Arikamedu, Pattanam.
Course Outcomes: The students can familiarize the knowledge needed to excel in tourism
activities. It will equip the students with the solid foundation to build upon the fundamentals,
useful skills and expertise that can assist employment in Tourism Industry
Suggested Readings:
1) Allchin, - The Birth of Indian Civilizations.
2) Lal, B.B., - Indian Archaeology since Independence.
3) Gupta, S.P., (Ed.) - Mahabharata, Myth and Reality – Differing views, Delhi, 1976.
4) Sankalia, H.D., - The Ramayana in the Historical Perspective, Delhi, 1982.
5) Ghosh, A., - The City in early historical India.
6) Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Nature and Scope of Archaeology
CO2: Analyzing the historicity of Ramayana and Mahabharata
CO3: Understanding and analyzing the Second Urbanization and spread of History
CO4: Analyzing the Sequence of Improve Sites
CO5: Analyzing few early Historic Sites in South India
Page 64 of 69

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
CO1 3
CO2 3
CO3 3
CO4 3
CO5 3
Page 65 of 69
A/H 405.2 (22): HISTORICAL APPLICATION OF TOURISM

Course Objectives: The aim of the course is to provide useful knowledge of the Tourism
Industry in relevance to History and cultural attractions of India. The course can provide
more in depth insight in to the specific aspects of tourism industry, special focus on
Archaeological, historical, cultural and natural heritage of India as attractions of tourism .
Unit– I:
Meaning and Nature of Tourism – Basic Components and Elements of Tourism – Brief
History of Tourism in India.
Unit– II:
Types of Tourist destinations in India – Monuments – Museums – Hill – Resorts – Desert
Sarias – Beaches – Wild Life Sanctuaries.
Unit– III:
Important Heritage Circuits of India.
a) Delhi – Agra – Jaipur.
b) Sanchi – Khajuraho.
c) Belur – Halebidu – Hampi
d) Mahabalipuram – Kanchipuram – Tanjavur.
Unit– IV:
Tourism Products of Andhra Pradesh.
a) Visakahapatnam Circuit
b) Amaravati – Nagarjunakonda Circuit
c) Kurnool Circuit
d) Tirupati Circuit
Unit– V:
Socio – Cultural Heritage of Andhra Pradesh – Dance Styles – Performing Arts – Fairs and
Festivals – Folk Cultures – Handicrafts.
Course Outcomes: The students can familiarize the knowledge needed to excel in tourism
activities. It will equip the students with the solid foundation to build upon the fundamentals,
different Tourist destinations in India in Tourism Industry
Suggested Readings:
1) Bhatia, A.K., Tourism Development : Principles and Practices.
2) ASI., Relevant Guide Books for Monuments.
3) APTTDC., Discover of Andhra Pradesh and other Brochures.
4) Krishnadeva., Temples of North India.
5) Srinivasan, K.R., Temples of South India.
6) Rajendra Prasad, B., Art of South India, Andhra Pradesh.
Page 66 of 69
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Introducing Tourism Basic Components and History of Tourism and Theory
CO2: Knowledge of Major Tourism Destination in India
CO3: Introducing and Understanding the Importance of Heritage Circuits of India
CO4: Introducing and Understanding Tourism Circuits of Andhra Pradesh
CO5: Understanding the Socio, Culture of Heritage of Andhra Pradesh
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
CO1 3 2
CO2 3
CO3 2 3
CO4 2 3
CO5 3
Page 67 of 69
A 405.3 (22): MODERN INDIAN ART
Course Objectives: The course surveys the evolution of Art contexts in India and their
transformation through the years.
Unit – I:
Britain artists in India and the impact on the Indian sensibility colonical representation of
India. Indian art during the British.
Unit – II:
Establishment of the art schools. Ravivarma and academism, Nationalist movement and
Bengal school. Rabindranath Tagore, Amrtha sher gil, Jamini Roy – Discussion of Modern in
the Indian context.
Unit – III:
Study of Major art centers of the 40’s Madras, Lucknow, Delhi Calcutta and Bombay.
Unit – IV:
Individual artist and group of post independent India. Indian Art in the context of the
international art scene.
Unit – IV:
South Indian artists, Ravivarma, Dhanabal, Srinivasulu, K.C.S. Panikar, and other
contemporary artists of Tamil Nadu.
Course Outcomes: Students become familiar with the art forms, features, styles and art
schools of India during the period covered in the course.
Reference Books:
1) Tradition and Modernity in India during the twentieth century
2) A Stake in Modernity – A brief history of modern Indian Art-Kapur, Geeta – 2005
3) Trends in Modern Indian Art, M.D. Publication – 2011
4) Art and National –Partha Mitter
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understanding Indian Art during the British Rule
CO2: Understanding and analyzing different Art Schools in Modern India
CO3: Studying and analyzing Major centers of the 40’s
CO4: Understanding and analyzing Individual artist
CO5: Understanding South India Artist
Page 68 of 69

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5
CO1 3
CO2 2 2
CO3 3
CO4 3
CO5 3
Page 69 of 69

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ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

A State Government University, Accredited with “A” Grade by NAAC

M.A. ANCIENT HISTORY &

2022 - 2023 onwards

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS,

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY (ANU)

Acharya Nagarjuna University, a State University established in 1976, has been

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

To promote a bank of human talent in diversified faculties – Commerce &

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE & LAW

VISION AND MISSION OF THE COLLEGE:

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT:

MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT:

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES:

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POS):

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOS):

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:

A/H102(22) Core Age of Empires (B.C. 321 - 650 A.D.) 4 30 70 100

A/H105.1(22) Ancient World Civilizations 4 30 70 100

A105.2(22) Elective Introduction to Indian Archaeology 4 30 70 100

A105.3(22) Modern Western Art 4 30 70 100

Course Compone No. of Internal Semester End Total

A202(22) Core History of Indian Art 4 30 70 100

History of Andhras (from A.D. 1070 to

(Field work/Site visit + Report writing +

A205.1(22) Indian Epigraphy 4 30 70 100

A205.2(22) Elective Temple Studies 2+2 30 70 100

A205.3(22) Internship + Report writing + Presentation 2+2 100

A302(22) Core Numismatics 4 30 70 100

A303(22) Core Soft Skills in Archaeology 4 30 70 100

A/H304(22) Core Historical Method 4 30 70 100

A305.1(22) Iconography 4 30 70 100

A402(22) Core Museology 4 30 70 100

Research Project (Dissertation + Viva

A404(22) Core Pre-History & Proto History of India 4 30 70 100

A405.1(22) Early Historical Archaeology 4 30 70 100

A405.2(22) Historical Applications of Tourism 4 30 70 100

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

Mapping of Programme outcomes with Course outcomes:

A/H 102(22): AGE OF EMPIRES (B.C. 321 TO 650 A.D.)

Mapping of Programme outcomes with Course outcomes:

A/H 103 (22): HISTORY OF ANDHRAS

After completion of the course, the student will be able to

Mapping of Programme outcomes with Course outcomes:

A 104 (22): PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF ARCHAEOLOGY

Mapping of Programme outcomes with Course outcomes:

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5

A/H 105.1 (22): ANCIENT WORLD CIVILIZATION

11) Finely, M.L. – Ancient Greeks, Penguin Books, Reprint, 1991

Mapping of Programme outcomes with Course outcomes:

A 105.2 (22): INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY

Mapping of Programme outcomes with Course outcomes:

A 105.3 (22): MODERN WESTERN ART

Mapping of Programme outcomes with Course outcomes:

M.A. ANCIENT HISTORY & ARCHAEOLOGY

Mapping of Programme outcomes with Course outcomes:

A 202 (22): HISTORY OF INDIAN ART