Scribd
Upload
38 views4 pages

2.1 Icmp

ICMP is a network layer protocol used for diagnostic and network management purposes. It is used to verify connectivity between source and destination. Ping and traceroute are common utilities that use ICMP to check reachability and trace the path between source and destination by using the ICMP time exceeded message type and destination unreachable message type.

Uploaded by

akash singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views4 pages

2.1 Icmp

ICMP is a network layer protocol used for diagnostic and network management purposes. It is used to verify connectivity between source and destination. Ping and traceroute are common utilities that use ICMP to check reachability and trace the path between source and destination by using the ICMP time exceeded message type and destination unreachable message type.

Uploaded by

akash singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

ICMP (Internet Control Messaging Protocols)

It is used to verify connectivity b/w source and destination.


It is a network layer protocol used for diagnostic and network management purpose.
Typically used for diagnostic or control purpose or generated in response of error in IP
Operation
ICMP error is directed to the source IP address that has generated the packet.
ICMP is a layer 3 protocol that why it is encapsulate with IP header.
Protocol number = 1
IP Protocol is connection less.

Utilities / Tools

Ping ( Packet Internet Groper)


a. It is a tool or utility to check reach ability of destination
 Message 

 Query 
a. Echo Request 
i. Type = 8
ii. Code = 0
b. Echo Reply
i. Type = 0
ii. Code = 0
 Error 
o Destination Unreachable
 type = 3 ( destination unreachable )
 Code = 1 ( host unreachable)
o Request time out
 types =11
 If gateway ip is not assign on host.

Trace route
a. Tracing the path between Source and destination.
b. It is utility to check reach ability of destination.
c. Trace route (Cisco)
d. Tracert (window)

ICMP packets have 8 – bytes of header and variable data section.


First 4-Bytes of header have fixed format while last 4-bytes depends on the type and
code of ICMP.

Type = ICMP message

Code = Reason of message

Checksum = Performs error checking.

Data section = ICMP error messages including a copy of entire IPV4 header Plus at least
the first 8 bytes of data from IPV4 packet that caused the error.

ICMP Primary function = Error Reporting & Network Diagnostic.

Cisco
a. Timeout 2 sec
b. Packet 5 by default
c. Default per packet 100 bytes
Window
a. Timeout 5 sec
b. Packet  4 by default
c. Default per packet 32 bytes
Traceroute
UDP port number 33434 – 33534
Tracing the path from source to destination to know which path traffic will pass through.
Also the router’s IP through which the traffic is passing through.
How many routers are attached b/w source and destination?
Time to live  to count the number of router b/w source and destination.
UDP doesn’t have reliability it will send 3 packet always
Traceroute send 30 msg
It will use TTL 1
ICMP reply
a. Type= 11 (Time-to-exceeded)
b. Code= 0 ( Time to live exceeded in transmit)
ICMP reply from last Hop
a. Type = 3 (Destination unreachable)
b. Code = 3 ( port unreachable)
ICMP Reply when you trace any ip which are not in network
a. type = 3 ( destination unreachable )
b. Code = 1 ( host unreachable)
When gateway is not assigned, system itself generates an error message for the user
which is R.T.O.
a. When the G/w is not having any route to reach destination, then it will
generate a new ICMP message with type 3 (destination unreachable) to notify
that destination is not reachable.
b. This identifies the network is working from source till gateway but not beyond
the gateway.
c. When the remote network is not having the route to reply back the source than
the source device generate RTO for the user itself every 5 sec in window and 2
sec in cisco.
d. Ping
1) !  Success
2) UUnreachable
3) . RTO

e. Trace route
1) Destination unreachable = U
2) Request timeout *
3) Successful = RTT (Round Trip timer)
a. Avg. Time b/w sending the request and getting reply in
reply in return.

You might also like