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Patterns and Sequences

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36 views

Patterns and Sequences

Uploaded by

mayroseguzman39
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Patterns and

Symmetry

8 April 2024

April Ulano-Agagad
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkGeOWYOFoA
For today
Discuss about patterns
Fibonacci sequence
Pattern
something that just repeats
again and again throughout
space in an identical way
BUT that is not always the
case in the natural world
Be Specific: Count
In our observations we should not be content with general impressions.
move toward the specific. In this case we ponder the quantitative quandary:
How many spirals are there?
Is the number of clockwise spirals the same as the number of
counterclockwise spirals?
You can physically verify that the pinecone has 5 spirals in one
direction and 8 in the other. The pineapple has 8 and 13. The
daisy and cone flower both have 21 and 34. The sunflower has a
staggering 55 and 89.
In each case, we observe that the number of spirals in one
direction is nearly twice as great as the number of spirals in the
opposite direction. Listing all those numbers in order we see
5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89.
Is there any pattern or structure to these numbers?
The Legacy of Leonardo of Pisa
Through spiral counts, nature appears to be
generating a sequence of numbers with a
definite pattern that begins
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89
144 . . .

This sequence is called the Fibonacci


sequence , named after the mathematician
Leonardo of Pisa (better known as Fibonacci
— a shortened form of Filius Bonacci, son of
Bonacci ), who studied it in the 13th
century.

After seeing this surprising pattern, I hope


you feel compelled to count for yourself the
spirals in the previous pictures of flowers.
Fibonacci numbers in art and nature
Fibonacci numbers in nature

An example of efficiency in nature.

As seeds grow, it tries to put the


maximum number in the smallest space.

Fibonacci numbers are the whole


numbers which express the golden ratio
Why are they called Fibonnaci numbers?

Leonardo of Pisa, c1175 – c1250

Liber Abaci, 1202, one of the first books to be


published by a European

One of the first people to introduce the decimal


number system into Europe

On his travels saw the advantage of the Hindu-Arabic


numbers compared to Roman numerals
1 1 2 3 5

8 13 21 34 55

89 144 233 377

Complete the table of Fibonacci

numbers
1 1 2 3 5

8 13 21 34 55

89 144 233 377 610

987 1597 2584 4181 6765


Find the ratio of successive
Fibonacci numbers:
1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 2, 5 : 3, 8 : 5, …
1 : 1, 1 : 2, 2 : 3, 3 : 5, 5 : 8, …
What do you notice?
2÷1=2
2
5 ÷ 3 = 1.667 13 ÷ 8 = 1.625
1.75 34 ÷ 21
 =1.618
1.619

21 ÷ 13 = 1.615
1.5 8 ÷ 5 = 1.6
3 ÷ 2 = 1.5

1.25
1÷1=1
1 1÷1=1

2 ÷ 3 = 0.667
0.75 5 ÷ 8 = 0.625 13 ÷ 21 = 0.619 0.618

3 ÷ 5 = 0.6 8 ÷ 13 = 0.615 21 ÷ 34 = 0.617


0.5 1 ÷ 2 = 0.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Are our bodies based on
Fibonacci numbers?
Find the ratio of
Height (red) : Top
of head to
fingertips (blue)
Top of head to
fingertips (blue) :
Top of head to
elbows (green)
Length of forearm
(yellow) : length
of hand (purple)
Spirals
Use the worksheet,
and pencils,
compasses and rulers,
to create spirals based
on Fibonacci numbers

Compare your spirals


with this nautilus shell
What have Fibonacci numbers got
to do with:
Pascal’s triangle
Coin combinations
Brick walls
Rabbits eating lettuces
Combine all that you want to say
into one essay
Mathematics in our
world
Patterns and Regularities
April Ulano-Agagad
September 17, 2021
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this section, expect that you will be
able to
identify patterns in nature and regularities in the
world,
articulate the importance of mathematics in your
life,
argue about the nature of mathematics, what it is,
how it is expressed, represented and used, and
express appreciation for mathematics as a human
endeavor.
Mathematics is the alphabet with which God has written the universe.”

- Galileo Galilei
a set of

problem-

solving

tools
an

Math
a language

art

a process
a study of
of
patterns
thinking
Recall: Fibonacci sequence
• The sequence begins with zero. Each subsequent
number is the sum of the two preceding numbers.

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144….


The Fibonacci spiral
• The Fibonacci spiral is constructed by
placing together rectangles of relative side
lengths equaling Fibonacci numbers.
• Recall: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13….
• A spiral can then be drawn starting from
the corner of the first rectangle of side
length 1, all the way to the corner of the
rectangle of side length 13.
Golden ratio
• In mathematics and the arts, two quantities are in the golden ratio if
the ratio between the sum of those quantities and the larger one is
the same as the ratio between the larger one and the smaller.

In this case, we refer to a very important number that is known as the


•
golden ratio.

The golden ratio is a mathematical constant approximately


•
1.6180339887.
Golden ratio and Fibonacci numbers
Recall:
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597,

When we divide one of the Fibonacci numbers to the previous one, the
result is close to one another

After the 13th number in the sequence, the ratio will be fixed at
approximately 1.618. 2

1.75

1.5

1.25

0.75

0.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Activity
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1
Golden Ratio in Arts and in Nature
Golden Ratio in logos
Activity: Golden ratio in human body
Culminating Activity
Please check Google Classroom for
the details and groupings on
Tuesday, September 21, 2021.
References:

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