1. You are assigning IP addresses to hosts in the 192.168.4.0 /26 subnet.

Which two of the following

IP addresses are assignable IP addresses that reside in that subnet?

a. 192.168.4.0

b. 192.168.4.63

c. 192.168.4.62

d. 192.168.4.32

e. 192.168.4.64

solution:

To determine subnets and usable address ranges created by the 26-bit subnet mask we perform the
following steps:

Step #1:

Identify the interesting octet (i.e. the octet that contains the first zero in the binary subnet mask).

In this question, we have a 26-bit subnet mask, which is written in binary as:

11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000

The interesting octet is the forth octet, because the forth octet (i.e. 11000000) is the first octet to
contain a 0 in the binary.

Step #2:

Identify the decimal value in the interesting octet of the subnet mask. A 26-bit subnet mask can be
written in dotted decimal notation as: 255.255.255.192 Since the forth octet is the interesting octet,
the decimal value in the interesting octet is 192.

Step #3:

Determine the block size by subtracting the decimal value of the interesting octet from 256. Block
Size = 256 – 192 = 64

Step #4:

Determine the subnets by counting by the block size in the interesting octet, starting at 0. Placing a
zero in the first interesting octet identifies the first subnet as: 192.168.4.0 consider table below

Subnet Network prefix Host IP broadcast

1st Subnet 192.168.4.0 192.168.4.1-192.168.4.62 192.168.4.63
2nd subnet 192.168.4.64 192.168.4.65-192.168.4.126 192.168.4.127
3rd subnet 192.168.4.128 192.168.4.129-192.168.4.190 192.168.4.191
4th subnet 192.168.4.192 192.168.4.193-192.168.4.254 193.168.4.255

Step #5:

This question is asking about the 192.168.4.0 /26 subnet. From the above list of subnets, we can
determine that the assignable range of IP addresses for this subnet is 192.168.4.1 – 192.168.4.62.
We can also determine that 192.168.4.0 is the network address, and 192.168.4.63 is the directed
broadcast address.

From the assignable range of IP addresses we have calculated, we can determine that the two
assignable IP addresses given as options in this question are: 192.168.4.62 and 192.168.4.32

Therefore Answer: c and d

2. What is the directed broadcast address of a subnet containing an IP address of 172.16.1.10 /19?

a. 172.16.15.255

b. 172.16.31.255

c. 172.16.255.255

d. 172.16.95.255

e. 172.16.0.255

solution:

To determine the subnets, assignable IP address ranges, and directed broadcast addresses created
by the 19-bit subnet mask we perform the following steps:

Step #1:

Identify the interesting octet (i.e. the octet that contains the first zero in the binary subnet mask). In
this question, we have a 19-bit subnet mask, which is written in binary as:

11111111 11111111 11100000 00000000 The interesting octet is the third octet, because the third
octet (i.e. 11100000) is the first octet to contain a 0 in the binary.

Step #2:

Identify the decimal value in the interesting octet of the subnet mask. A 19-bit subnet mask can be
written in dotted decimal notation as: 255.255.224.0 Since the third octet is the interesting octet,
the decimal value in the interesting octet is 224.

Step #3:

Determine the block size by subtracting the decimal value of the interesting octet from 256. Block
Size = 256 – 224 = 32

Step #4:

Determine the subnets by counting by the block size in the interesting octet, starting at 0. Placing a
zero in the first interesting octet identifies the first subnet as: 172.16.0.0 /19 We then count by the
block size (of 32) in the interesting octet (the third octet in this question) to determine the remaining
subnets: 172.16.32.0 /19 172.16.64.0 /19 172.16.96.0 /19 172.16.128.0 /19 172.16.160.0 /19
172.16.192.0 /19 172.16.224.0 /19
 subnet Network prefix Host IP Broadcast
1st subnet 172.16.0.0 172.16.1.0-172.16.30.0 172.16.31.0
2nd subnet 172.16.32.0 172.16.33.0-172.16.62.0 172.16.63.0
3rd subnet 172.16.64.0 172.16.65.0-172.16.94.0 172.16.95.0
4th subnet 172.16.96.0 172.16.97.0-172.16.126.0 172.16.127.0
5th subnet 172.16.128.0 172.16.129.0-172.16.158.0 172.16.159.0
6th subnet 172.16.160.0 172.16.161.0-172.16.190.0 172.16.191.0

Step #5:

Looking through the subnets created by the 19-bit subnet mask reveals that the IP address of
172.16.1.10 resides in the 172.16.0.0 /19 subnet. The directed broadcast address, where all host bits
are set to a 1, is 1 less than the next subnet address.

The next subnet address is 172.16.32.0. So, the directed broadcast address for the 172.16.0.0 /19
subnet is 1 less than 172.16.32.0, which is: 172.16.31.255 The usable IP addresses are all the IP
addresses between the subnet address and the directed broadcast address.

Therefore, in this example, the assignable IP address range for the 172.16.0.0 /19 network is:
172.16.0.1 – 172.16.31.254

Therefore Answer: b

3. A host in your network has been assigned an IP address of 192.168.181.182 /25. What is the
subnet to which the host belongs?
a. 192.168.181.128 /25

b. 192.168.181.0 /25

c. 192.168.181.176 /25

d. 192.168.181.192 /25

e. 192.168.181.160 /25

solution:
To determine subnets and usable address ranges created by the 25-bit subnet mask we perform the
following steps:

Step #1:

Identify the interesting octet (i.e. the octet that contains the first zero in the binary subnet mask). In
this question, we have a 25-bit subnet mask, which is written in binary as:

11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000

The interesting octet is the forth octet, because the forth octet (i.e. 10000000) is the first octet to
contain a 0 in the binary.

Step #2:

Identify the decimal value in the interesting octet of the subnet mask. A 25-bit subnet mask can be
written in dotted decimal notation as: 255.255.255.128 Since the forth octet is the interesting octet,
the decimal value in the interesting octet is 128.

Step #3:

Determine the block size by subtracting the decimal value of the interesting octet from 256. Block
Size = 256 – 128 = 128

Step #4:

Determine the subnets by counting by the block size in the interesting octet, starting at 0.

subnet Network prefix Usable IP address (Host IP) Broadcast address

1st subnet 192.168.181.0 192.168.181.1-192.168.181.126 192.168.181.127
2nd subnet 192.168.181.128 192.168.181.129-192.168.181.254 192.168.181.255

Placing a zero in the first interesting octet identifies the first subnet as: 192.168.181.0 /25 We then
count by the block size (of 128) in the interesting octet (the forth octet in this question) to determine
the remaining subnets, or in this case just a single additional subnet. 192.168.181.128 /25

Now that we have our two subnets identified, we can determine the subnet in which the IP address
of 192.168.181.182 resides.

Since the usable range of IP addresses for the 192.168.181.128 /25 network is 192.168.181.129 –
192.168.181.254 (because 192.168.181.128 is the network address, and 192.168.181.255 is the
directed broadcast address), and since 192.168.181.182 is in that range, the subnet to which
192.168.181.182 /25 belongs is: 192.168.181.128 /25