Physics Reviewer

Physics Reviewer
Unit and Physical Quantities
Measurement- is an amount or number that shows the scale of an object.
Systems of Measurement
 English System
o Commonly used in the USA
o Disadvantage: Units are not symmetrically related to each other
o It requires memorization
 Metric System
o Commonly used by scientists and engineers
o Units are related to each other
International Systems of Units
o Temperature: K (Kelvin)
o Distance: km (Kilometer)
o Electric Current: A (Ampere)
o Time: s (Seconds)
o Amount of Substance: mol (Mole)
o Mass: kg (kilograms)
o Intensity of Light: cd (Candela)
1kgf = 2.205 lbf
1hp = 746watts
1 kwhr = 34 BTU
1 BTU = 778 ft-lb
Work, Energy, and Power,
Work- measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external
force at least part of which is applied in the direction of the displacement
Formula:
Work = Force x Distance
Work = Force (in N) x Distance (in m) x cos(teta) (used when angle is present)
b
Work = ∫ f ( x ) dx
a
Unit:
o Metric: Joule = Newton-meter (Nm)

o English: feet-pound (lb-ft)
Frictional Force(Ff )
Mu (μ) =
Normal Force( FN )
Energy- capacity to do work.

Unit: Joules
Potential Energy
o Energy that is stored within the body
o Energy resulted by an objects position
o Formula: PE = mass (in kg) x gravity x height (in meter)
Kinetic Energy
o Is the energy in motion

o Formula: ½ x mass (in kg) x velocity2 (in m/s)
Law of Conservation of Energy
KE0+PE0 = KE1+PE1
KE0+PE0 Wnc= KE1+PE1
Power-
Units:
 Watts (Metric) = Joules/s or Nm/s

 Horsepower (English)
1hp = 746 watts
1 kwhr = 34 BTU
1 BTU = 778 ft-lb
Formula:
Power= Work/Time; P= Force x velocity
Impulse and Momentum
Momentum
 mass in motion
 the quantity that describes mass and velocity
 Formula: p= mass (in kg) x velocity (in m/s) Unit: kg m/s
 Momentum is directly proportional to the object’s mass and also its velocity
Impulse
 Formula: I= Force (in N) x (change in time) unit: kg m/s or lbf s
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
 The impulse is equals to change in momentum

 FΔt = mΔv
Conservation of Momentum
 The momentum in initial state is equals to the final state

 p i = pf
 p1+p2 = p1’+p2’ or m1v1+m2v2=m1v1’+m2v2’
Types of Collision
 Elastic Collision
o Ideal
o KE is conserved
o Bounce back
 Complete Inelastic Collision
o Actual condition
o Stick collision
o V1’ and V2’ are equal
 Inelastic Collision
o KE is totally not conserved
Coefficient of Restitution- ratio of relative velocity after the collision and before the collision
Vrelative( final) ¿ v 2 ’−v 1'∨ ¿ ¿

o Formula: e = =
Vrelative(initial) ¿ v 2−v 1∨¿ ¿
o If e = 1; Elastic Collision
o If e = 0; Complete Inelastic Collision
o If e = 0<e<1; Inelastic Collision
Kinematics- is the study of motion without considering the cause of the movement
Velocity and Ave. Velocity
Velocity- displacement traveled by an object within a given time.
o Ave. Velocity- rate of change of displacement with respect to time

Δx
 Formula:
Δt
 Units: m/s (MKS), cm/s (CGS), ft/s (English)
o Instantaneous Velocity- is the speed of an object at any particular instant.
 Formula: v= dx/dt
Acceleration- rate of change of velocity of a moving object
o Average Acceleration- change of velocity over a particular time interval

Δv
 Formula:
Δt
 Units: m/s2 (MKS), cm/s2 (CGS), ft/s2 (English)
o Instantaneous Acceleration- acceleration of an object at any particular instant
 Formula: a= dv/dt
Motion with Constant Acceleration
o an object is said to be moving with constant acceleration when the object speeds up at
the same rate over a given period of time
Free Falling Bodies
o is the motion of a body towards the earth when no other force acts on it (except
gravitational force)
o weightless
o happens when the object moves towards the earth without any applied force
Projectile Motion
o an object is in projectile motion if it is thrown into space either horizontal or at an acute

angle, and under the influence of gravity
o is a combination of horizontal motion with uniform velocity and vertical motion with
constant acceleration
o Parts: Trajectory (path), X (range), Y (Height)
Dynamics
Newtons First Law: an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same
velocity and in the same direction unless it is acted upon by an unbalance force.
Newtons Second Law: the force acting on a body is directly proportional to the product of its mass and
acceleration produced by the force in the body.
Newtons Third Law: For every action, there is equal and opposite reaction. The action and reaction act
on two different bodies simultaneously
Classification of Force
 Tensile Force- is the force acting on a string, chain or tendon tending to stretch it
 Normal Force- is the component of the supporting force that is perpendicular to the surface
 Friction Force- the tangential force acting on an object that opposes the sliding of that object on
an adjacent surface with which it is in contact
http://www.problemsphysics.com/mechanics/projectile/
projectile_solution.html#Solution_to_Problem_5


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Physics Reviewer

Unit and Physical Quantities

Measurement- is an amount or number that shows the scale of an object.

International Systems of Units

1kgf = 2.205 lbf

1 BTU = 778 ft-lb

Work, Energy, and Power,

Work = Force x Distance

o Metric: Joule = Newton-meter (Nm)

Energy- capacity to do work.

o Is the energy in motion

Law of Conservation of Energy

KE0+PE0 Wnc= KE1+PE1

 Watts (Metric) = Joules/s or Nm/s

1hp = 746 watts

1 BTU = 778 ft-lb

Power= Work/Time; P= Force x velocity

Impulse and Momentum

 Formula: I= Force (in N) x (change in time) unit: kg m/s or lbf s

 The impulse is equals to change in momentum

 The momentum in initial state is equals to the final state

Vrelative( final) ¿ v 2 ’−v 1'∨ ¿ ¿

Velocity and Ave. Velocity

Velocity- displacement traveled by an object within a given time.

o Ave. Velocity- rate of change of displacement with respect to time

Acceleration- rate of change of velocity of a moving object

o Average Acceleration- change of velocity over a particular time interval

Free Falling Bodies

o an object is in projectile motion if it is thrown into space either horizontal or at an acute

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