TUTORIAL CHAPTER 1: FLUID PROPERTIES

At the end of this tutorial, student should be able to:

1. apply basic knowledge of various fluid properties. (CO1-PO1)
2. acquire various fluid properties in identify and solving problems related to fluid engineering
problem. (CO1-PO1)

Tutorial 1.1
State the definition, equation and unit for the following fluid properties:
i. Density vi. Kinematic viscosity
ii. Specific weight vii. Bulk Modulus
iii. Specific gravity viii. Surface tension
iv. Specific volume ix. Capillarity
v. Dynamic viscosity x. Vapour pressure

Tutorial 1.2
With the aid of sketches, briefly explain the rise or fall of a liquid in a small diameter tube.

Tutorial 1.3
Glycerol, a liquid substance, has a density of 1260 kg/m and a volume of 0.5 m3. Determine the
following properties:
i. mass of glycerol
ii. weight of glycerol
iii. specific weight
iv. specific gravity
(m = 630kg, W = 6180.3N, γ = 12.36kN/m3, SG = 1.26)

Tutorial 1.4
Determine the specific weight, specific mass, specific volume and specific gravity of a liquid
having a volume of 6m3 and a weight of 40kN.
(γ = 6.667kN/m3, ρ = 679.61kg/m3, υ = 1.471x10-3m3/kg, SG = 0.6796)

Tutorial 1.5
A steel cylinder contained oil with a volume of 8 m3 and a weight of 52 kN. Calculate its specific
weight, density and specific gravity.
(γ = 6.5kN/m3, ρ = 662.6kg/m3, SG = 0.663)

Tutorial 1.6
Liquid Y has a kinematic viscosity of 1.25x10-4 m2/s and specific gravity of 0.86. What is the
dynamic viscosity in kgm-1s-1 of liquid Y?
(µ = 0.1075kgm-1s-1)
Tutorial 1.7
Glycerol, a liquid substance, has a density of 1260 kg/m and a volume of 0.5 m3. Determine the
following properties:
v. mass of glycerol
vi. weight of glycerol
vii. specific weight
viii. specific gravity
(m = 630kg, W = 6180.3N, γ = 12.36kN/m3, SG = 1.26)

Tutorial 1.8
Calculate the specific weight, specific mass, specific volume and specific gravity of a liquid having
a volume of 6m3 and a weight of 44kN.
(γ =7.33kN/m3, ρ = 747.2kg/m3, ν = 0.00134m3/kg, SG = 0.747)

Tutorial 1.9
A soap bubble of 50 mm diameter has an internal pressure in excess of the outside pressure
of 25 N/m2. Calculate the tension in the bubble film.
(p = 25.71N/m2 (above atmospheric pressure))

Tutorial 1.10
A clean tube of diameter 2.5 mm is immersed in a liquid with a coefficient of surface tension 0.4
N/m. The angle of contact of the liquid with the glass can be assumed to be 135°. The density of
the liquid is 13600 kg/m3. What would be the level of the liquid in the tube relative to the free
surface of the liquid inside the tube?
(H = - 0.00339m)

Tutorial 1.11
400L of water was subjected to a temperature of 40 °C. Find the change in volume of this water
if it is subjected to a pressure increase of 6000 kN/m2. Given that the bulk modulus of elasticity at
this temperature is 2.27 x 109 Pa.
(dV = -1.057x10-3m3)

Tutorial 1.12
When the pressure of liquid is increased from 3.5 MN/m2 to 6.5 MN/m2, its volume is found to
decrease by 0.08%. What is the bulk modulus of elasticity of the liquid?
(K = 3.75x109N/m2)
Tutorial 1.13
At a depth of 7 km in the ocean, the pressure is 71.6 MPa. Assume the specific weight of the
sea water at the surface is 10.05 kN/m3 and its average Bulk Modulus is 2.43 GPa. Determine:
i. The change in specific volume between the surface and depth of 7 km
ii. The specific volume at 7 km depth
iii. The specific weight of sea water at 7 km depth

(dvs = - 2.99 x 10-5 m3/kg, vs at 7 km = 9.46 x 10-4 m3/kg, γ @ 7km = 10.37 kN/m3)

Tutorial 1.14
Two large plane surfaces are 30 mm apart. The space between them is filled with a liquid of
absolute viscosity of 650 x 10-3 Ns/m2. Assuming the velocity gradient to be a straight line, what
force is required to pull a very thin circular plate of diameter 2 m at a constant speed of 5 mm/sec,
if the plate is placed at one third of the distance from one of the surfaces?
(Total Force = 1.533 N)

Tutorial 1.15
The total space between the stationary boundaries is 15.5 mm as shown in figure below. A plate
of infinite dimensions is pulled upwards between Fluid 1 on the left-hand side and Fluid 2 on the
right-hand side. The viscosity of Fluid 1 is 12.8 x 10-3 Ns/m2 and Fluid 2 is 25.6 x 10-3 Ns/m2.
Given the thickness of the plate is 0.255 mm, determine the lateral position of the plate when it
finds its equilibrium position.
(dy1 = 5.067x10-3m, dy2 = 0.01013m)

Tutorial 1.16
Figure below shows a thin plate being pulled with a force of 240 N. The dimension of the plate is
3000 mm x 1500 mm. The dynamic viscosity of oil 1 to oil 2 is in the ratio of 1:2.5, and the viscosity
of the top oil is 0.08 Ns/m2. Determine the velocity when the plate moves.
Tutorial 1.17
A solid cylinder slides down from rest in a vertical tube in which the inner surface is covered by a
viscous oil of film 0.15 mm thickness. Two different types of liquid were used which are glycerine
(absolute viscosity of 0.950 Pa.s and specific gravity of 1.26) and castor oil (absolute viscosity of
0.650 Pa.s and specific gravity of 0.96). Identify which oil that will give less force to slide the
cylinder at a speed of 0.6 m/s. Determine the density and kinematic viscosity of the identified oil.
(ρ = 1260 kg/m3, ʋ = 0.0005 m2/s)
Tutorial 1.18
A vertical cylinder of diameter 180.0 mm rotates concentrically inside another cylinder of diameter
181.2 mm as shown in figure below. Both the cylinders are 300mm high. The space between the
cylinders is filled with a liquid whose viscosity is unknown. Determine the viscosity of the fluid if a
torque of 20 Nm is required to rotate the inner cylinder at 120rpm.
(µ = 0.693 Pa.s)

Tutorial 1.19
A 77 cm long cylindrical shaft of a rotating viscometer has an inner and outer diameter of 50 cm
and 54 cm respectively. The lubricant oil with specific gravity of 0.89 is filled between the shaft
and the sleeve. Determine the power produced (in Watt) if a torque of 65 Nm is required to
maintain the rotation of the inner cylinder at 7900 revolution per hour.
Tutorial 1.20
Figure below shows a plate with a length of 1.2 m and width of 0.5 m moving under the action of
a mass of 100 g on a stationary surface. Crude oil with absolute viscosity 650 x 10-3 Ns/m2
occupies the space in the gap between the plate and the stationary surface. Determine the
velocity of the plate when the distance between the moving plate and the stationary surface is
0.5% of the length of the plate.
(v = 0.0151 m/s)

Pulley

Crude oil

μ = 650 x 10-3 Ns/m2

Stationary surface

Mass
100 g

Tutorial 1.21
Calculate the dynamic viscosity of an oil, which is used for lubrication between a square plate of
size 0.8 m x 0.8 m and an inclined plane with angle of inclination 30° as shown in figure below.
The weight of the square plate is 300 N and it slides down the inclined plane with a uniform
velocity of 0.3 m/s. The thickness of the oil film is 1.5 mm.