1

1 The weight of a skydiver is 750 N.

The weight of the skydiver acts downwards, as shown in the diagram.

While the skydiver is falling, another force acts upwards.

The upward force varies as the skydiver falls.

.............................................

weight = 750 N
(not to scale)

The skydiver is accelerating between time = 0 and time = 20 s of the fall.

Between time = 20 s and time = 40 s the skydiver is falling at a constant speed.

(a) On the diagram, write the name of the upward force on the dotted line above the upward force.

[1]

(b) Suggest a value for the upward force on the skydiver at time = 10 s.

.................................................... N [1]

(c) Determine the value of the upward force on the skydiver at time = 30 s.

.................................................... N [1]

[Total: 3]

2 A student suspends a spring from a clamp stand and measures the length l0 of the spring.

The diagram shows the apparatus.

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l0

(not to scale)

The student then suspends loads of different weights from the spring and measures the length of
the spring for each load. He then plots a graph of the length of the spring against weight.

This is the graph that the student plots.

0.80

length / m

0.60

0.40

0.20

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
weight / N

(a) Using the graph, determine the initial length l0 of the spring.

l0 = ................................................. [1]
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(b) State what is meant by the limit of proportionality and, using the graph, determine the weight
of the load that causes this spring just to reach the limit of proportionality.

limit of proportionality ........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

weight = ............................................................................................................................ [2]

(c) Using the graph, determine the spring constant of this spring.

spring constant = ......................................... [3]

[Total: 6]

3 The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on a car.

900 N 1200 N

(not to scale)

Calculate the resultant horizontal force on the car.

size of force = .............................................. N

direction ........................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]
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4 The diagram shows an aeroplane flying. There are horizontal forces acting on the aeroplane, as
shown in the diagram.

12 000 N 8000 N

(not to scale)

State the name of the effect producing the 8000 N force on the aeroplane.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

5 The diagram shows an aeroplane flying. There are horizontal forces acting on the aeroplane, as
shown in the diagram.

12 000 N 8000 N

(not to scale)

(a) Calculate the resultant horizontal force on the aeroplane.

resultant force = .............................................. N

direction of resultant force .............................................. [3]

(b) At a later time in the flight, the resultant horizontal force on the aeroplane is zero.

Describe the horizontal motion of the aeroplane.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]
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6 The diagram shows an object of mass 2.0 kg on a bench. This object is connected by a cord,
passing over a pulley, to an object of mass 3.0 kg.

card
cord
pulley 2.0 cm 2.0 kg object

F
bench

3.0 kg object

2
The 2.0 kg object is released from rest and accelerates at 4.0 m / s .

Calculate the upward force F exerted by the cord on the 3.0 kg object.

force F = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

7 The diagram shows an object of mass 2.0 kg on a bench. This object is connected by a cord,
passing over a pulley, to an object of mass 3.0 kg.

card
cord
pulley 2.0 cm 2.0 kg object

F
bench

3.0 kg object

2
The 2.0 kg object is released from rest and accelerates at 4.0 m / s .

Calculate the resultant force acting on the 2.0 kg object.

force = .............................................. [2]

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[Total: 2]

8 A battery provides energy to an electric car.

2
The electric car has an acceleration of 2.9 m / s when it moves from rest. The combined mass of
the car and its driver is 1600 kg.

Calculate the force required to produce this acceleration.

force = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

9 A battery provides energy to an electric car.

Under ideal conditions, the car can travel a maximum distance of 390 km when the battery is fully
charged.

Suggest why, in normal use, the car needs to be recharged after travelling less than 390 km.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

10 When a car is decelerating, there is a constant resistive force F on the car due to the brakes.

The deceleration of the car is greater than and is not constant.

Explain why the deceleration of the car is greater than .

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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11 A woman starts to push a trolley across the floor. The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting
on the trolley.

trolley

120 N 90 N

Determine the resultant horizontal force on the trolley.

resultant force = .............................................. N

direction of resultant force = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

12 The limit of proportionality for a spring is at a force of 175 N.

Sketch the extension–load graph for the spring. The sketch must continue beyond a force of 175 N.

extension

0
0 175 load / N

[2]

[Total: 2]
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13 The diagram shows a spring balance used to measure the weight of a baby. The spring inside the
balance extends when a mass is suspended from it. The dial shows the extension of spring as a
value of mass in kg.

dial

cradle with
negligible mass

State Hooke’s law

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

14 The diagram shows a lorry moving on a straight road. The arrows represent the horizontal forces
acting on the lorry. These forces act along the same straight line.

Calculate the size of the resultant horizontal force on the lorry.

size of resultant force = .............................................. N [2]

[Total: 2]
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15 The diagram shows three horizontal forces acting on a car as it moves along a straight road.

The horizontal forces act along the same straight line.

Calculate the size of the resultant horizontal force on the car and state its direction.

size of resultant force = .............................................. N

direction of resultant force .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

16 The diagram shows a box attached to a parachute. The box and the parachute are falling through
the air

The diagram shows three vertical forces acting on the box and the parachute.

Suggest and explain what happens to the size of the upward vertical force on the parachute if the
area of the parachute used is increased.

suggestion ................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
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[Total: 2]

17 The speed of the motorcycle in the diagram is 20 m / s.

The rider reacts to a sudden change in the traffic ahead.

He stops as quickly as possible by applying the brakes.
The total stopping distance is made up of the distance travelled while the rider is reacting and the
distance travelled when the brakes are applied.

The diagram shows information about stopping when the speed of the motorcycle is 20 m / s.

(a) Calculate the total stopping distance when the speed of the motorcycle is 20 m / s.

total stopping distance = .............................................. m [1]

(b) Suggest one factor that could increase the total stopping distance.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]
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18 The diagram shows a box attached to a parachute. The box and the parachute are falling through
the air.

The diagram shows three vertical forces acting on the box and the parachute.

Calculate the resultant vertical force and state its direction.

resultant vertical force = .............................................. N

direction .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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19 The person in the diagram is pushing a child on a swing.

State the name of the force that acts against the motion of the swing.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

20 The diagram shows a lorry moving on a straight road. The arrows represent the horizontal forces
acting on the lorry. These forces act along the same straight line.

Describe the effect of a horizontal resultant force of zero on the speed of the lorry.

Put a tick (✓) in one box.

speed increases to a higher constant speed

speed stays the same

speed decreases to a lower constant speed

speed decreases to zero

[1]

[Total: 1]
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21 A vertical tube contains a liquid. A metal ball is held at rest by a thread just below the surface of
the liquid, as shown in the diagram.

(not to scale)

The diameter of the tube is much greater than the diameter of the ball. The ball is released and it
accelerates downwards uniformly for a short period of time.

The ball reaches terminal velocity.

Describe and explain the motion of the ball from when it is released until it reaches terminal velocity.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

22 The diagram shows a model car travelling on a flat circular track.

The speed of the car increases and at point P on the diagram the car does not stay on the track.
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(a) Suggest, in terms of the force acting on the car, why the car does not stay on the track at point
P.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) On the diagram, draw and label an arrow with the letter S to show the direction of motion of
the car as it leaves the track at point P. [1]

[Total: 2]

23 A student stretches a spring by adding different loads to it. She measures the length of the spring
for each load.

She plots a graph of the results.

 15

Use the graph to determine:

(a) the length of the spring without a load

length = .............................................. cm [1]

(b) the length of the spring with a load of 4.0 N

length = .............................................. cm [1]

(c) the extension due to a 4.0 N load.

extension = .............................................. cm [1]

[Total: 3]

24 Complete the sentence about effects of forces. Choose words from the box.

colour friction pressure shape size speed

Stretching a spring with a load is an example of how a force can change the

.................................... and the .................................... of an object. [2]

[Total: 2]
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25 The graph is the extension–load graph for a light spring S.

(a) Using information from the graph, determine the spring constant k of spring S.

k = .............................................. [2]

(b) A second spring, identical to spring S, is attached to spring S. The two springs are attached
to a rod, as shown in the diagram. A load of 4.0 N is suspended from the bottom of spring S.
The arrangement is in equilibrium.

(i) State the name of the form of energy stored in the two springs when they are stretched.

................................................................................................................................ [1]
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(ii) Determine the extension of the arrangement in the diagram.

extension = .............................................. cm [1]

(iii) The load is carefully increased to 6.0 N in total.

Calculate the distance moved by the load to the new equilibrium position as the load
increases from 4.0 N to 6.0 N.

distance moved = .............................................. [1]

[Total: 5]

26 The graph is the extension–load graph for a light spring S.

State the range of loads for which S obeys Hooke’s law.

from ....................................................... to .......................................................... [1]

[Total: 1]

27 The diagram shows a train.

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The driver applies the brakes and the train takes 80 s to slow down to a speed of 42 m / s.

(a) The train took 80 s to reduce its speed from 84 m / s to 42 m / s. Explain why, with the same
braking force, the train takes more than 80 s to reduce its speed from 42 m / s to zero.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) On a wet day, the train travels a greater distance before it stops along the same track. The
train has the same speed of 84 m / s before the brakes are applied.

Suggest a reason for this.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

28 The diagram shows a train.

Suggest how the shape of the train helps it to travel at high speeds.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
2
29 Calculate the force required to give a mass of 71 kg an acceleration of 6.4 m / s .

force = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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30 The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on a swimmer.

State the name of the 110 N force on the swimmer.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

31 The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on a swimmer as he moves forwards.

Describe and explain the motion of the swimmer.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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32 The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on a swimmer.

Calculate the size and direction of the resultant horizontal force on the swimmer.

size of resultant horizontal force = ........................ N

direction of resultant horizontal force = ..................

[1]

[Total: 1]

33 A model aircraft is flying through air. The diagram shows the forces acting on the model aircraft.
The weight of the model aircraft is 15.0 N.

(a) (i) Determine the size and direction of the resultant horizontal force acting on the model
aircraft.

size of resultant horizontal force = .............................................. N

direction of resultant horizontal force = .............................................. [1]

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(ii) Describe the change in the motion of the model aircraft.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) The horizontal forces acting on the model aircraft become balanced.

Suggest how the horizontal forces acting on the model aircraft have changed.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]
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34 A student hangs different loads from a spring and measures the extension of the spring.

The student plots a graph of load against extension, as shown in the diagram.

Determine the load that would produce an extension of 10.0 cm.

load = .............................................. N [1]

[Total: 1]
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35 A student hangs different loads from a spring and measures the extension of the spring.

The student plots a graph of load against extension, as shown in the diagram.

Determine the extension produced by a load of 7.5 N.

extension = .............................................. cm [1]

[Total: 1]
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36 Diagram A shows a spring with no load attached. Diagram B shows the same spring with a load
attached.

diagram A diagram B

Describe how a student can determine the extension of the spring. You may draw on diagram A
and diagram B as part of your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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37 A chest expander is a piece of equipment used by athletes in a gym. The diagram shows a chest
expander that consists of five identical springs connected in parallel between two handles.

Two athletes are stretching the chest expander by pulling on the two handles in opposite directions.

The springs obey Hooke’s law.

Explain what is meant by this statement.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

38 A chest expander is a piece of equipment used by athletes in a gym. The diagram shows a chest
expander that consists of five identical springs connected in parallel between two handles.

Each spring has an unstretched length of 0.63 m.

Two athletes are stretching the chest expander by pulling on the two handles in opposite directions.

Each athlete pulls the handle towards himself with a force of 1300 N.
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(a) State the tension in each spring.

tension = .............................................. [1]

(b) The chest expander stretches and each spring is now 0.94 m long.

Calculate the spring constant k of each spring.

k = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 3]
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39 A car accelerates from rest at time t = 0 to its maximum speed.

The graph is the speed-time graph for the first 25 s of its motion.

Between t = 10 s and t = 15 s, the force exerted on the car due to the engine remains constant.

Suggest and explain why the car moves in the way shown by the graph.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

40 State two properties of an object that may be changed by the action of forces.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]