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38 CUET (UG) Section III : General Test

CHAPTER 08

Percentange
Percentage is a method of expressing fractions or parts of any quantity into a equal form. It is expressed in terms of
hundredths.

Per cent
The word per cent means per hundred. Thus 21 per cent
1 1 1 4 1 5
means 21 part out of 100 parts, which can also be 1% = 12 % = 16% = 83 % =
21 100 2 8 25 3 6
written as . Therefore, per cent is a fraction whose 1 2 1 16
100 2% = 16 % = 64% =
50 3 6 25
denominator is 100 and the numerator of this fraction is
1 1 2 1 4
called the rate per cent. 4% = 20% = 40% = 133 %=
25 5 5 3 3
21
So, = 21%. Here 21 per cent is the rate. The sign for 5% =
1
25% =
1
60% =
3 2
66 % =
2
100 20 4 5 3 3
per cent is %. 1 1 1 1 4 2
6 %= 33 % = 80% = 8% =
(i) To convert a fraction or a decimal or a whole number 4 16 3 3 5 25
into a per cent, multiply if by 100. 1 1 1 1 3
8 %= 50% = 37 % =
(ii) To convert a per cent to a fraction or a decimal, 3 12 2 2 8
divided it by 100 and delete the % sign. 1 1 1 7
10% = 100% = 87 % =
10 1 2 8
Also, any fraction or decimal can be converted into its
equivalent percentage by multiplying with 100%. Note Every number is 100% of itself.

Important Tips/Formulae
If A’s income is x% more than that of B,B ’ s income is less than Suppose the price of a certain commodity increases by R% and
100 ⋅ x  expenditure on this commodity remains the same. Then,
that of A by  %.
reduction percentage in consumption =  × 100 %
R
 100 + x 
 100 + R 
If A’s income is x% less than that of B, B’s income is more than Suppose the price of commodity decreases by R% and
100 ⋅ x  expenditure on this commodity remains the same. Increase
that of A by  %.
percentage in consumption =  × 100 %
R
 100 − x 
 100 − R 

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NUMERICAL ABILITY 39

Solved Examples
1. 60% of a number is 24 less than 3/4th of that 3. If the price of the cooking gas increased by 15%, by
number. Find the number how many per cent should a family reduce its
(a) 150 (b) 180 (c) 160 (d) 175 consumption so as not to exceed its budget on
Sol. (c) Let the required number be x. cooking gas?
Then, by given condition (a) 14% (b) 13%
1
3 (c) 17% (d) 13 %
60% of x = x − 24 23
4
Sol. (d) Suppose the price of cooking gas = ` 100
− 24 ⇒ 
60 3x 3x 3x 
⇒ ×x= −  = 24
100 4  4 5 Increased price = ` 115
⇒ 15x − 12x = 480 ⇒ x = 160 ⇒ ` 115, he should reduce ` 15
15
2. If A earns 10% more than B’ s, then how many per ⇒ ` 1, he should reduce `
115
cent less does B earn than A ?
1 1 1 15 1
(a) 11 % (b) 11 % (c) 13% (d) 12 % ⇒ ` 100 he should reduce ` × 100 = 13 %
3 9 2 115 23
 R
× 100 %
Alternate Method
Sol. (b) Required percentage = 
 100 − R  Reduction percentage in consumption
10  R 
= × 100 = × 100 %
100 − 10  (100 + R ) 
10 1
= × 100 = 11 % =
15
× 100 = 13 %
1
90 9 115 23

Practice Questions
1. The length of a rectangle is increased by 40% and 7. The cost of an article worth ` 100 is increased by
its breadth decreased by 30%. The change in the 10% first and again increased by 10%. The total
area of the rectangle is increase in rupees is
(a) 2% increase (b) 2% decrease (a) 20 (b) 21 (c) 110 (d) 121
(c) 10% increase (d) 10% decrease
8. In measuring the sides of a rectangle, there is an
2. The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a excess of 5% on one side and 2% deficit on the
government aided school is 3 : 2. 20% of the boys other. Then, the error per cent in the area is
and 25% of the girls are not scholarship holders. (a) 3.3 (b) 3 (c) 2.9 (d) 2.7
The percentage of students who are scholarship
9. In an examination, 1100 boys and 900 girls
holders is?
appeared. 50% of the boys and 40% of the girls
(a) 70% (b) 48% (c) 60% (d) 78%
passed the examination. The percentge of
3. The side of a square increases by 10%, then find, candidates who failed is
by what per cent, does its area increase? (a) 45 (b) 45.5
(a) 27 (b) 30 (c) 19 (d) 21 (c) 50 (d) 54.5
1 10. When the price of cloth was reduced by 25%, the
4. A number increased by 137 % and the increment
2 quantity of cloth sold increased by 20%. What was
is 33. The number is the effect on gross receipt of the shop?
(a) 27 (b) 22 (c) 24 (d) 25 (a) 5% increase (b) 5% decrease
5. A’s salary is 20% less than B’s salary. Then, B’s (c) 10% increase (d) 10% decrease
salary is more than A’s salary by 11. 20% of (50% of 5000) is
1 2
(a) 33 % (b) 16 % (a) 400 (b) 600 (c) 250 (d) 500
3 3
(c) 20% (d) 25% 12. 23% of 8040 + 42% of 545 = ? % of 3000
(a) 56.17 (b) 63.54
6. In an office 40% of the staff is female, 40% of the (c) 69.27 (d) 71.04
female and 60% of the male voted for me. The
percentage of votes I got was 13. ?% of 8745 = 5159. 55
(a) 24 (b) 42 (a) 47 (b) 49
(c) 50 (d) 52 (c) 54 (d) None of these

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40 CUET (UG) Section III : General Test

14. If 16% of x is same as 12% of 48, then x =? 22. If x earns 25% less than y, what per cent more does
(a) 24 (b) 36 (c) 32 (d) 40 y earn, then x?
1 2
15. 80% of 1450 is (a) 25% (b) 15% (c) 33 % (d) 16 %
3 3
(a) 1160 (b) 1235 (c) 1045 (d) 1250
1
16. 0.008 is what per cent of 0.2? 23. A number increased by 137 % gives 33, then the
2
(a) 0.4 (b) 2 (c) 40 (d) 4
number is
25 (a) 16 (b) 24 (c) 20 (d) 28
17. If x% of is 150, then the value of x is
2
24. An ore contains 26% copper. To get 91 kg of copper
(a) 1000 (b) 1200 (c) 1400 (d) 1500
the quantity of the ore required is
18. 10% of 15% of 20% of ` 500 is (a) 350 kg (b) 250 kg
(a) ` 225 (b) ` 150 (c) ` 67 (d) ` 1.50 (c) 240 kg (d) 450 kg
19. If 35% of a number is 12 less than 50% of that 25. The price of petrol went up by 25% . In order that
number, then the number is expenses on petrol should not increase. One must
(a) 80 (b) 60 (c) 50 (d) 40 reduce travel by
20. What per cent of 400 is 60? (a) 25% (b) 20% (c) 18% (d) 15%
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 20 26. In an examination, 35% of the students passed and
21. A reduction of 20% in the price of sugar enable a 455 failed. How many students appeared for the
purchaser to obtain 3 kg more for ` 120. The examination?
original price of sugar per kg is (a) 490 (b) 700
(c) 1300 (d) 845
(a) ` 15 (b) ` 12 (c) ` 8 (d) ` 10

ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (b)

Hints & Solutions

1. Here, x = 40, y = 30 3. Required percentage increment ∴ Number of my votes
4x 6x
Required change in the area of  x2   (10)2 = 40% of + 60% of
rectangle = 2x +  = 2 × 10 +  10 10
 xy   100  100  16x 36x 52x
= x − y − % = + =
 100 = 20 + 1 = 21 % 100 100 100
 40 × 30 4. Let the number be x. ∴Required percentage = 52%
= 40 − 30 − % Then, 137.5% of x = 33
 100  7. x = 10, y = 10
33 × 100
= −2% ∴ x= = 24 ∴Total increase
Where negative sign shows the 137. 5  10 × 10 
= 10 + 10 + % = 21%
decrement. 5. Required percentage  100 
2. Let number of boys and girls in 20
= × 100% 8. x = 5%, y = − 2%
the school be 3x and 2x, 100 − 20
respectively making 5x as the ∴ Required error per cent in the
20
total number of students. = × 100% = 25%  xy 
80 area = x + y +
Now, number of students who  100 
are scholarship holders 6. Let the total number of employes 5 ×2
= 80% of 3x + 75% of 2x =x =5 −2 − = 2 . 9%
100
= 2 . 4x + 1 . 5x Number of female employes
= 3. 9x 4x 9. Number of total candidates
= 40% of x = = 1100 + 900 = 2000
Therefore, required percentage 10
3. 9x Number of boys passed the
= × 100% and number of male employes examination = 50% of 1100 = 550
5x 6x
= Number of girls passed the
= 78%
10 examination

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NUMERICAL ABILITY 41

900 × 40 14. 16% of x = 12% of 48 ⇒ 3x = (150 − 120) = 30

= 40% of 900 = = 360
100 48 48 × 12 ⇒ x = ` 10 per kg
⇒ x× =
Total number of candidates 100 100 22. Let y earns a % more than x.
passed the examination 48 × 12  25 
= 550 + 360 = 910 ∴x= = 3 × 12 = 36 a% =  × 100 %
16  100 − 25 
Total number of candidates 80
15. × 1450 = 1160  25 
failed the examination a%= × 100 %
= 2000 − 910 = 1090
100  75 
∴ Required percentage 16. Let x% of 0.2 = 0.008 100
a% = %
1090 x 3
= × 100 = 54. 5% ⇒ × 0.2 = 0.008 1
2000 100 ⇒ a % = 33 %
0.008 × 100 3
10. x = − 25%, y = 20% ⇒x= ⇒x=4
0.2 23. Let the number be x, then
∴ Required effect x 25 according to question
17. × = 150
 25 × 20  100 2 x + 37.5% of x = 33
= −25 + 20 − % 150 × 100 × 2 3
 100  ⇒ x= ⇒ x = 1200 x + × x = 33
25 8
= − 10% or 10% decrease  3
18. 10% of 15% of 20% of ` 500 ⇒ x 1 +  = 33
11. 20% of (50% of 5000) 10 15 20  8
 50  = × × × 500 = `1.50 11
= 20% of  × 5000 100 100 100 x× = 33 ⇒ x = 24
 100  8
19. Let the number be x. Then,
= 20% of 2500 24. Since 26% ≡ 91 kg
20 × 2500 35% of x = 50% of x − 12 91
= = 500 35 x Hence, 100% = × 100
100 ⇒ ×x= × 50 − 12 26
100 100
12. ?% of 3000 = 23% of 8040 + 42% 100% = 350 kg
⇒ 35x = 50x − 1200
So, 350 kg ore is required.
of 545 ⇒ x = 80
3000 25. One must reduce travel by x %.
⇒ ?× 20. Let x% of 400 is 60  25 
100 x Then x% =  × 100  %
23 42 i.e., × 400 = 60  100 + 25 
= 8040 × + 545 × 100
100 100  25 
60 × 100 x% =  × 100 %
3000 ⇒x= = 15 ⇒ x = 15  125 
⇒ ?× = 1849.2 + 228 .9 400
100 x% = 20%
⇒ ? × 30 = 2078 .1 21. Let the original price be
2078 .1 ` x per kg. 26. Total number of failed students is
⇒ ?= 445 ≡ (100 − 35)%
30 Reduced price = ` (80% of x)
80 4x 445 ≡ 65%
⇒ ? = 69.27 =` ×x=`
100 5 So, the total number of students
13. ?% of 8745 = 5159.55 120 120 appeared for the examination is
? − =3 ⇒ 455
⇒ 8745 × = 5159.55 4x x given by 100% = × 100
100 5 65
515955 120 × 5 120 91
⇒ ?= = 59 − =3 = × 100 = 700 student
8745 4x x 13

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