Ex No:1

Date: Assembly Language Programs

Aim:
The purpose of this experiment is to write and implement 8051 assembly language experiments using
simulator.

Software Required:
Edsim51 simulator

Program Logic:
An Assembly language program consists of, among other things, a series of line of Assemble language
instructions. An Assembly language instruction consists of mnemonic, optionally followed by one or two
operands. The operands are the data items being manipulated and the mnemonics are the commands to the
CPU, telling it what to do with those items.
1. Looping:
Repeating a sequence of instructions a certain number of time is called a loop. The loop is one of the
most widely used actions that any microprocessor performs. In this instruction, the register is decremented;
if it is not zero, it jumps to the target address referred by the label. Prior to the start of the loop the register is
loaded with the counter for the number of repetitions. In this instruction both the register decrement and the
decision to jump are combined into a single instruction.
A loop inside another loop is called nested loop.
2. Unconditional jump instruction:
The unconditional jump is a jump in which control is transferred unconditionally to the target location.
In 8051 there is two unconditional jumps:
 LJMP(long jump):
LJMP is an unconditional long jump. It is a 3-byte instruction in which the first byte is a opcode, second
and third bytes represent the 16-bit address of the target location. The 2-byte target address allows a jump to
any memory location from 0000 to FFFFH.
 SYMP(Short jump):
SJMP is an unconditional short jump. It is a 2-byte instruction in which the first byte is a opcode and
second bye is the relative address of the target location. The target address ranges from 00 to FFH.

Procedure:
Step-1:Open the Edsim51 simulator.
Step-2:Type the program and save it with “.asm” or “.hex” extension.
Step-3:Run the program and rectify the result.
Step-4:Observe the output.
Step-5:Repeate the above steps for all the program.
Program:
1.Sample of Assembly language program:
ORG 0H ;start (origin) at location 0
MOV R5, #25H ;load 25H into R5
MOV R7,#34H ;load 34H into R7
MOV A, #0 ;load0 into A
ADD A, R5 ;add contents of R5 to A
;now A = A + R5
ADD A, R7 ;add contents of R7 to A
;now A = A + R7
ADD A, #12H ;add to A value 12H
;now A = A + 12H
HERE:SJMP HERE ;Stay in this loop
END ;end of asm source file
2.Multipy 25 by 10 using the technique of repeated addition:
MOV A, #0 ;A=0, clear ACC
MOV R2, #10 ;the multiplier is placed in R2
AGAIN:ADD A, #25 ;add the multiplicand to the ACC
DJNZ R2, AGAIN ;repeat until R2=0 (10 times)
MOV R5,A ;save A in R5 ;R5-FAH
3.Program to add first 10 natural number:
MOV A, 0 ;A0,clear Acc
MOV R2, #10 ;load counter value in R2
MOV R0, #0 ;initialize R0 to zero
AGAIN:INC R0 ;increment R0 to hold the natural numbers
ADD A,R0 ;add first number to ACC
DJNZ R2, AGAIN ;repeat until R2=0(10 times)
MOV 46H, A ;save the result (37H) in RAM location 46H
4.Program to load the accumulator with the value of 55H and complement the ACC 700 times:
MOV A,#55H ;A=55H
MOV R3,#10 ;R3=10, the outer loop count
NEXT:MOV R2,#70 ;R2=70,the inner loop count
AGAIN:CPL A ;complement A register
DJNZ R2,AGAIN ;repeat it 70 times(inner loop)
DJNZ R3,NEXT
5.Multiply ECH by 25H using the technique of repeated addition:
MOV R1,#0 ;R1=0,this 1s the register to store the MSB
MOV A,#0 ;clear ACC
MOV R0,#25H ;the multiplier is placed in R0
AGAIN: ADD A,#0ECH ;add the multiplicand to the Acc
JNC HERE ;if no carry, then repeat the addition
INC R1 ;increment R1 for each carry generated
HERE: DJNZ R0,AGAIN ;repeat until R0=0
MOV R0,A ;the LSB of the product is moved to R0
;the MSB of the product is in R1
; now R1=22H and R0=1CH
Output:
1.Sample of Assembly language program:

2.Multipy 25 by 10 using the technique of repeated addition:

3.Program to add first 10 natural number:

4.Program to load the accumulator with the value of 55H and complement the ACC 700 times:
5.Multiply ECH by 25H using the technique of repeated addition:
Result:
Thus the 8051 assembly level program was written and implemented successfully
Ex No:2
Date: To Text Data Transfer Between Register and Memory

Aim:
The purpose of this experiment is to text data transfer between register and memory.

Software Required:
Edsim51 simulator.

Program Logic:
In 8051, the action of comparing and jumping are combined into single instruction called CJNE. The
CJNE instruction compares two operands and jump if they are not equal. In addition, it changes the CY flag
to indicate if the destination operand is larger or smaller. It is important to notice that the operand
themselves remains unchanged.

Procedure:
Step-1: Enter the opcode in Edsim51 simulator.
Step-2: Execute the program.
Step-3: Check the result in register A.
Program:
MOV R0,#50H ;R0 is the pointer to the data
MOV R1,#10H ;R1 is the counter
MOV B,#0 ;B=0
BACK:MOV A,@R0 ;move a number to A
CJNE A,B,LOOP ;compare with B
LOOP:JC LOOP1 ;if A<B, jump to loop1
MOV B,A ;if A>B, move it to B ie., the biggest number should be in B
INC R0 ;increment the pointer
DJNZ R1,BACK ;repeat until the counter=0
SJMP NEXT ;jump to EXIT, the biggest number is in B
LOOP1:INC R0 ;this is another loop, taken when the biggest number was already in buffer
;as comparison
DJNZ R1,BACK ;repeat until the counter=0
NEXT:MOV A,B ;transfer the biggest number to A register
MOV 60H,A ;transfer the result to ROM location 6011
END ;end of asm source file
Output:
Result:
Thus the program to text data transfer between Register and Memory was written and executed
successfully.
Ex No:3
Date: Perform ALU operation using 8051 microcontroller

Aim:
The purpose of this experiment is to add, subtract, multiply and divide the given two 8 bit numbers
and store them in a memory location.

Software Requirement:
Edsim 51 Simulator.

Program Logic:
To perform addition in 8051 one of the data should be in accumulator, another data can be in any of
the general purpose register or in memory or immediate data. After addition the sum will be in accumulator.
The sum of two 8-bit data can be either 8-bits(sum only) or 9-bits(sum and carry). The accumulator can
accumulate only the sum and there is a carry the 8051 will indicate by setting carry flag. Hence one of the
register is used to account for carry.
The 8051 has MUL instruction unlike many other 8-bit processors. MUL instruction multiplies the
unsigned 8-bit integers in A and B. The lower order byte of the product is left in A and the higher order byte
in B.
The 8051 has DIV instruction unlike many other 8-bit processors. DIV instruction divides the
unsigned 8-bit integers in A and B. The accumulator receives the integer part of the quotient and the register
B receives the remainder.

Procedure:
Step-1: Enter the opcodes from memory location 4200.
Step-2:Execute the program.
Step-3:Check for the result at 4100 and 4101.Using the accumulator, subtraction is performed and the
result is stored. Immediate addressing is employed. The SUBB instruction drives the result in
the accumulator.
Program:
1.ADDITION:
CLR C ;make CY=0
MOV A,#45H ;load the low byte into A
ADD A,#0ECH ;add the low byte ,now A=31,CY=1
MOV R0,A ;Save the low byte of sum in R0
MOV A,#02H ;load the high byte into A
ADD A,#0FCH ;add the high bytes with carry
MOV R1,A ;save the high byte of result n R1
2.SUBTRACTION:

i) Subtraction with CY=0:

CLR C ;make CY=0
MOV A,#3FH ;load 3FH into A(A=3FH)
MOV R3,#23H ;load 23H into R3(R3=23H)
SUBB A,R3 ;subtract A-R3,place the result in A
ii) Subtraction with CY=1:
MOV A,62H ;A=62H
SUBB A,#96H ;62H-96H=CCH with CY=1
MOV R7,A ;save the result
MOV A,#27H ;A=27H
SUBB A,#12H ;27H-12H-1=14H
MOV R6,A ;save the result

3)MULTIPLICATION:
MOV A,#25H ;load 25H to reg A
MOV B,65H ;load 65H to reg B
MUL AB ;25H*65H=E99 where
;B=0EH and A=99H

4)DIVISION:
MOV A,#95H ;load 95 into A
MOV B,#0AH ;move the divisor into B
DIV AB ;divide the hex number by 10
MOV R0,B ;the remainder is in B, move it to R0
MOV B,#0AH ;reload the divisor into B
DIV AB ;divide the quotient by 10
MOV R1,B ;move the remainder to R1
MOV R2,A ;move the last quotient to R2
Output:

1.ADDITION:

2.SUBTRACTION:

i) Subtraction with CY=0:

ii) Subtraction with CY=1:

3.MULTIPLICATION:
4.DIVISION
Result:
Thus the ALU operation using 8051 microcontroller was perform successfully.