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GMAT Arithmetic Formulas (PDF)

This document contains formulas and concepts related to arithmetic, fractions, percentages, and probability that are important for the GMAT. It defines key terms and outlines rules and properties for integers, factors, primes, fractions, decimals, percentages, averages, exponents, and probability.

Uploaded by

Mohini Srivastava
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47 views12 pages

GMAT Arithmetic Formulas (PDF)

This document contains formulas and concepts related to arithmetic, fractions, percentages, and probability that are important for the GMAT. It defines key terms and outlines rules and properties for integers, factors, primes, fractions, decimals, percentages, averages, exponents, and probability.

Uploaded by

Mohini Srivastava
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GMAT Arithmetic

Formulas [PDF]
● Integers ∊ {...-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5…}

● If integer a is divisible by b, then a = nb, i.e n is a

natural number.

● a is a multiple of b; b is a divisor/factor of a.

● a = nb + q

● a = dividend

● n = quotient

● b = divisor

● q = reminder

Ex: 29 = 4*7+1

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● Even integer → divisible by 2

● Odd integer → not divisible by 2

● Odd ±Odd = Even

● Even ±Even = Even

● Odd ±Even = Odd

● Even ±Odd = Odd

● Odd*Odd = Odd

● Odd*Even = Even

● Even*Even = Even
𝑛
● (𝑜𝑑𝑑) = 𝑜𝑑𝑑
𝑛
● (𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛) = 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛

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● Prime Number→has 2 Factors only (1 and itself). Ex -

2,3,5,7…

● Composite Number→have more than 2 factors.

● 1 ∋- neither nor composite

● 2 - prime (only even number)

● 1xn=nx1=n

● n/1 = n

● n+0=n-0=n

● Divisible by 0 is not allowed

● Fractions → 𝑛2 ⇒ 𝑑 ≠ 0
n = numerator, d =denomination

𝑛1 𝑛2
● if
𝑑1
=𝑑 , they are equivalent fractions.
2

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● Addition and subtraction of fractions

13 14 13+14 27
5
+ 5
= 5
= 5

6 3 6−3 3
7
-7= 7
=7

1 3 4+2*3 10 5
2
+4= 2*4
= 8
=4

1 3 2*3 5
2
+ 4 = 4(𝐿𝐶𝑀) = 4

● Multiplication and division of fractions

2 7 2𝑥7 14
13
x 9 = 13𝑥9 = 117

2 3 2 4 2𝑥4 8
5
÷ 4 = 5 x 3 = 5𝑥3 = 15

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● Mixed Fraction →17 14 =17 +
1
4
=
17𝑥4+1
4
=
69
4

● Decimal = 364.57

● 1.3+2.6 = 3.9 (Addition with carry forward)

● 1.3 x 2.6 = 0.26 (Decimal Has as many digits after it


as the sum of that of the 2 numbers)

● 5 1. 7 = 0.34

● Real Numbers →+ve,o,-ve

Absolute Value →The number without sign


● |𝑥|= x if x is positive
= -x if x negative

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● x+y=y+x
● ab = ba
● a + (b+c) = (a+b)+c = b + (a + c)
● (ab)d = a(bd) = b(ad)
● xy+yz = y(x+z)
● (+ve) + (+ve) = (+ve)
● (-ve) + (-ve) = (-ve)
● (+ve) × (+ve) = (+ve)
● (-ve) × (-ve) = (+ve)
● (+ve) × (-ve) = (-ve)
● x×0=0

● |𝑥 + 𝑦| ≤ |𝑥| + |𝑦|
2
● 2:3 = =0.67
3
(Ratio can be represented in these ways)

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● If a value x is greater than 100% of a value y, x>y

130
130%= =1.3
100

130% of y = 1.3y

● If a value x is less than 1% of y

1
x<
100
𝑦

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
● Percentage change = × 100%
𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

|𝑦−𝑥|
● If x becomes y, % change =
𝑥
× 100%

● If y > x, % increase, else % decrease

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𝑎𝑏
● Successive % change of a% and b% = (a+b+ )%
100

so, if 100 increases by 20% and then 30%, %

20𝑥30
increase = (20+30+ )=56%
100

𝑏
➔𝑎 = 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × ...... (𝑢𝑝𝑡𝑜 𝑏 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠)
3
➔5 = 5 × 5 × 5
3
➔(− 5) = − 5 ×− 5 ×− 5
3
➔(0. 5) = 0. 5 × 0. 5 × 0. 5
2
● 𝑎 → 𝑎 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
● (𝑛) = Positive (if n is positive)

= Positive (if n is negative)

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𝑜𝑑𝑑
● (𝑛) = Positive (if n is positive)

= Negative (if n is negative)

● Square root = 𝑎 → 𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒

2
● 25 = 5 =5

𝑎1+𝑎2+......+𝑎𝑛
● Mean = Average =
𝑛

● Median is the middle number of a list when arranged in

ascending/descending order

(It is the average of the middle 2 numbers if

the number of numbers is even)

➔ Mode - The most frequent number in a list

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➔ |𝐴 ∪ 𝐵|=|𝐴| + |𝐵| − |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵|

➔ n! = n(n-1)(n-2).....!

➔ 0! = 1! = 1

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠


➔ P(E) =
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

➔ P(Aor B) = P(A) + P(B)


(If A & B are mutually exclusive)
➔ P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A) P(B)

(If A & B are not mutually exclusive)

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