PATIENT HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

A project report submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the award of degree of
Master of Computer Applications (MCA)
(Academic Session: 2022-2024)

Supervised By: Submitted By:

Ms. Venu Neha
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Uni. Roll No- 221280410025

Department of Computer Science

Govt. College Sector-9
Gurugram University, Gurugram.

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 DECLARATION

I, Neha, am a student of MCA 2nd Semester in the department of

Computer Science, Govt. college Sector 9, Gurugram under University
roll no. 221280410025, for the session 2022-2024, hereby declare that
the project report entitled “Movie Recommendation System” has been
completed by me in 2nd semester.
The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted earlier for
the award of any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

Date: Neha

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 CERTIFICATE

It is certified that Neha student of MCA, under university roll no.

221280410025 for the session 2022-2024, has completed the project
report entitled “Patient health care management system” under my
supervision. The project report is in my opinion worthy for the
consideration for the award of Master in Computers Applications in
accordance with the rules and regulations of Gurugram University,
Gurugram.

I wish her all success in his endeavours.

Ms. Venu

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any

task would be incomplete without mention of the people whose
ceaseless cooperation made it possible, whose constant guidance and
encouragement crown all efforts with success. I own my regards to
Dr. Priti Deswal , Principal, Dr. Geetika, Head of Department -
Computer Science and the entire faculty of the department from where
we have learnt the basics of Computer Science and whose informal
discussion and able guidance become light for us in the entire duration
of this work.

Next, I would like to express my profound sense of gratitude to Ms.

Venu Project Supervisor for reviewing coding, advising suggestion,
motivation and extended keen interest throughout my project as well as
report.

Neha

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 Table of Contents
/
1. INTRODUCATION……………………………………………..…9

KEY FEATURE ............................................................................11

Benefits…………………………………………………………….13

FACELITES…………………………………………………….......16

GOAL……………………………………………………………….19

METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………..22

LIMITATION……………………………………………….............25

2. TYPE OF PATIENT HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

ELECTRONIC HEALTH CARE RECORD………………………27

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE RECORD…………………………..29

PATIENT PORTAL…………………………………………………30

3. IMPLIMANTATION OF PATIENT HEALTH CARE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ……………………………………...2

PLANING AND PERPARTION……………………………....2

SYSTEM SELECTION………………………………………..3

TRAINING AND EDUCATION………………………………3

SYSTEM INTGRATION………………………………………3

EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT……………………….3

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4. CASE STUDIES OF PATIENT HEALTHCARE MANAMGEMNET
SYETEM

EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTION………….3

CHALLENGES AND LESSON LEARNED……………………

5. SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION………………………………...3

6.SOURCE CODE…………………………………………………5

7.PURPOSED OF WORK………………………………………….4

8. FUTURE SCOPE……..…………………………………………..3

9.CONCLUSION…………………………………………………..2

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Patient healthcare management systems are software platforms

designed to manage and streamline the processes involved in
patient care. These systems typically include tools for managing
patient information, medical records, scheduling appointments,
billing and insurance, and communication between healthcare
providers and patients.

A patient healthcare management system is designed to improve

the quality of care for patients by providing healthcare
professionals with access to real-time patient data. This can help
to reduce medical errors, improve diagnosis and treatment, and
ensure that patients receive the right care at the right time.

In addition to improving patient care, healthcare management

systems can also benefit healthcare providers by increasing
efficiency, reducing costs, and improving communication between
staff members. Patients can benefit from these systems by having
access to their medical records, appointment schedules, and other
important information, allowing them to take a more active role in
their own care.

Patient healthcare management systems are an important tool for

improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery, and
can help to ensure that patients receive the best possible care.

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It provides healthcare professionals with efficient tools and
resources to store, organize, and retrieve patient information,
leading to improved patient care and operational efficiency.

The system typically consists of a centralized database that stores

patient records, medical history, treatment plans, medication
details, and other relevant healthcare information. It allows
authorized healthcare providers, such as doctors, nurses, and
administrators, to access and update patient data securely.

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 Key Feature
1. Patient Records Management: The system enables healthcare
providers to create and maintain accurate electronic health
records (EHR) for each patient. This includes personal information,
medical history, test results, diagnoses, treatments, and progress
notes. The digital format allows for easy retrieval and eliminates
the need for physical paper records.

2. Appointment Scheduling: The system facilitates efficient

scheduling and management of patient appointments. It helps to
reduce waiting times, prevent scheduling conflicts, and improve
overall patient flow. Automated reminders can also be sent to
patients to reduce no-show rates.

3. Prescription and Medication Management: The system provides a

platform for healthcare professionals to generate electronic
prescriptions, manage medication orders, and maintain a record
of medications prescribed to each patient. This promotes accurate
medication administration, reduces errors, and improves patient
safety.

4. Billing and Insurance: The system integrates billing and insurance

functionalities, allowing for easy management of patient billing,
insurance claims, and payment processing. This streamlines
administrative tasks and reduces paperwork, leading to improved
financial efficiency.

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5. Decision Support and Analytics: Advanced systems may include
decision support tools and analytics capabilities. These features
provide insights into patient trends, treatment outcomes, and
quality metrics, assisting healthcare providers in making informed
decisions and improving patient care.

6. Interoperability: The system supports interoperability, allowing for

seamless data exchange with other healthcare systems, such as
laboratories, pharmacies, and imaging centers. This promotes
better coordination of care and enables access to comprehensive
patient information across different providers and settings

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 BENEFITS

1. Improved Efficiency: By automating various administrative tasks,

the system streamlines workflows, reduces manual errors, and
enhances overall operational efficiency within healthcare facilities.

2. Enhanced Patient Care: Access to comprehensive patient records,

including medical history and treatment plans, enables healthcare
providers to deliver more personalized and effective care to
patients. It supports better care coordination among different
healthcare professionals involved in a patient's treatment.

3. Cost Savings: The system reduces paperwork, eliminates

redundant processes, and optimizes resource allocation, leading
to cost savings for healthcare organizations. It also minimizes
errors in billing and claims management, reducing financial losses.

4. Data Security and Privacy: Patient Health Care Management

Systems implement robust security measures to protect patient
data from unauthorized access or breaches. They adhere to
relevant data protection regulations, ensuring patient
confidentiality and privacy.

5. Improved Communication and Collaboration: These systems

enable seamless communication and collaboration among
healthcare providers through secure messaging and information
sharing. This enhances care coordination, reduces communication
gaps, and improves patient outcomes

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 PROBLEM
1. Overcrowding and bed shortages: Many hospitals struggle with
overcrowding, leading to insufficient bed availability for patients.
This issue can result in longer wait times, compromised patient
care, and increased stress on healthcare staff.
2. Rising healthcare costs: Inpatient care can be expensive, and the
rising cost of healthcare puts a burden on patients, insurance
providers, and the healthcare system as a whole. High costs can
limit access to necessary care and lead to financial difficulties for
patients.
3. Fragmented care and lack of care coordination: Inpatient care
often involves multiple healthcare providers across different
specialties. The lack of effective communication and coordination
between these providers can result in fragmented care, medical
errors, and unnecessary tests or treatments.
4. Medical errors and patient safety concerns: Inpatient settings are
susceptible to medical errors, which can have severe
consequences for patient safety. Medication errors, hospital-
acquired infections, and miscommunication among healthcare
providers are some of the key concerns in this regard.
5. Staffing shortages and burnout: Healthcare facilities frequently
face staffing shortages, which can strain existing healthcare
professionals and contribute to burnout. Overworked staff may
compromise patient care quality, and the high turnover rate can
further exacerbate the problem.
6. Limited access to electronic health records (EHRs): Despite
advances in EHR adoption, interoperability issues persist. Sharing
patient information between different healthcare organizations

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 remains a challenge, leading to delays in accessing critical medical
records and hindering continuity of care.
7. Inefficient discharge planning: Effective discharge planning is
crucial for a patient's successful transition from inpatient to
outpatient care or home. However, inadequate planning, limited
post-discharge support, and a lack of coordination with
community healthcare providers can result in readmissions or
suboptimal outcomes.
8. Health disparities and inequitable access: Certain populations,
such as those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds or minority
groups, often face disparities in accessing and receiving quality
inpatient care. These inequities contribute to poorer health
outcomes and perpetuate healthcare disparities.

Addressing these challenges requires collaborative efforts among

healthcare providers, policymakers, and other stakeholders.
Emphasizing care coordination, investing in healthcare
infrastructure and technology, supporting healthcare workforce
development, and implementing policies that promote equitable
access to care can help improve the inpatient healthcare system.

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 FACELITIES

Patient healthcare management systems offer several facilities to

improve the quality and efficiency of patient care. Here are some
common features and benefits of these systems:

1. Electronic Health Records (EHR): Patient healthcare management

systems typically include electronic health record functionality.
EHRs allow healthcare providers to securely store and access
patient medical records, including medical history, diagnoses,
medications, test results, and treatment plans. Having this
information readily available promotes better coordination and
continuity of care.
2. Appointment Scheduling: These systems often include
appointment scheduling features, enabling patients to
conveniently book appointments with healthcare providers.
Automated reminders can also be sent to patients to reduce no-
show rates and improve overall appointment adherence.
3. Billing and Insurance Management: Patient healthcare
management systems can assist in streamlining billing and
insurance processes. They can generate and track invoices, verify
insurance coverage, and handle claims electronically, reducing
administrative burdens and improving reimbursement efficiency.
4. Medication Management: These systems may include medication
management features, reminding patients to take their
medications on time and in the correct dosage. Healthcare
providers can also use the system to track medication orders,
allergies, and potential drug interactions, enhancing patient
safety.
5. Care Coordination and Communication: Patient healthcare
management systems facilitate effective communication and care

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 coordination among healthcare providers. They provide secure
messaging platforms, allowing providers to collaborate, share
patient information, and discuss treatment plans in real-time.
6. Telehealth Integration: Many patient healthcare management
systems now integrate telehealth capabilities. Telehealth allows
patients to have virtual consultations with healthcare providers,
expanding access to care, particularly for individuals in remote
areas or with limited mobility.
7. Patient Portals: These systems often offer patient portals, where
patients can access their medical records, lab results, and
appointment details. Portals may also provide educational
resources, allowing patients to learn more about their health
conditions and make informed decisions.
8. Analytics and Reporting: Patient healthcare management systems
can generate reports and analytics on various aspects of patient
care, such as patient outcomes, resource utilization, and
population health trends. This data can inform decision-making,
quality improvement initiatives, and resource allocation.
9. Remote Monitoring: Some patient healthcare management
systems support remote patient monitoring. This feature allows
patients to transmit vital signs, such as blood pressure or glucose
levels, to healthcare providers, enabling remote monitoring of
their health conditions and timely interventions when necessary.
10. Integration with External Systems: Patient healthcare
management systems can integrate with external systems, such as
laboratories or pharmacies, for seamless data exchange and
improved workflow efficiency.

These facilities offered by patient healthcare management

systems aim to enhance patient care, improve operational

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efficiency, and foster better communication and coordination
among healthcare providers.

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 GOALS
The primary goal of a patient healthcare management system is
to improve the overall quality of patient care and enhance
healthcare delivery processes. Here are some specific goals
associated with these systems:

1. Efficient Information Management: Patient healthcare

management systems aim to streamline the management of
patient information, including medical records, test results,
treatment plans, and medication history. By digitizing and
centralizing this information, healthcare providers can access and
share it quickly, promoting better decision-making and care
coordination.
2. Enhanced Patient Safety: These systems seek to improve patient
safety by reducing medical errors, adverse drug events, and other
preventable incidents. Features like medication management,
allergy alerts, and decision support tools help healthcare
providers make informed decisions and ensure patient safety.
3. Care Coordination and Continuity: Patient healthcare
management systems focus on facilitating better care
coordination among healthcare providers, ensuring seamless
transitions between different healthcare settings. By providing
access to comprehensive patient information, these systems help
healthcare teams work together more effectively, reducing
duplicative tests, and ensuring continuity of care.
4. Improved Access to Care: These systems aim to enhance access to
care by offering features such as online appointment scheduling
and telehealth capabilities. By reducing wait times, enabling
remote consultations, and expanding healthcare access to

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 underserved areas, patient healthcare management systems help
patients receive timely and convenient care.
5. Efficient Workflow and Resource Utilization: These systems seek to
optimize healthcare workflows and resource allocation. By
automating administrative tasks, such as appointment scheduling,
billing, and claims management, healthcare providers can focus
more on patient care. Additionally, analytics and reporting
features allow for data-driven decision-making and resource
optimization.
6. Patient Engagement and Empowerment: Patient healthcare
management systems aim to engage and empower patients in
their own healthcare. Patient portals, educational resources, and
secure messaging platforms enable patients to access their health
information, communicate with their healthcare providers, and
actively participate in their treatment plans.
7. Data-driven Insights and Quality Improvement: These systems
generate valuable data and insights on patient outcomes,
population health trends, and healthcare performance. By
analyzing this data, healthcare organizations can identify areas for
improvement, implement evidence-based practices, and monitor
the effectiveness of interventions to drive quality improvement
initiatives.
8. Cost Efficiency and Revenue Optimization: Patient healthcare
management systems strive to enhance cost efficiency by
automating administrative tasks, reducing paperwork, and
improving revenue cycle management. By streamlining billing
processes and reducing claim denials, healthcare organizations
can optimize revenue generation and financial sustainability.

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Overall, the goal of a patient healthcare management system is to
improve patient care, enhance patient safety, promote care
coordination, and optimize healthcare delivery processes to
achieve better health outcomes for individuals and populations.

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 METHODLOGY

Patient healthcare management systems utilize various

methodologies and technologies to support their functionality
and achieve their goals. Here are some commonly used
methodologies in patient healthcare management systems:

1. Electronic Health Records (EHRs): EHRs form the foundation of

patient healthcare management systems. They employ
standardized methods and data models to capture and store
patient health information electronically. EHRs often adhere to
interoperability standards, such as HL7 (Health Level 7) and FHIR
(Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources), allowing seamless
exchange of data between different healthcare systems and
providers.
2. Health Information Exchange (HIE): Health Information Exchange
enables the secure sharing of patient health information across
healthcare organizations and systems. It utilizes standardized
protocols and data formats to facilitate the exchange of data
between EHRs, laboratories, pharmacies, and other healthcare
entities. HIE ensures that relevant patient information is available
to healthcare providers at the point of care.
3. Data Integration and Interoperability: Patient healthcare
management systems employ data integration techniques to
bring together data from various sources, such as EHRs, medical
devices, and other systems. This integration enables a holistic view
of patient health information and promotes interoperability
between different systems, allowing for efficient data exchange
and seamless patient care coordination.
4. Clinical Decision Support (CDS): CDS is a methodology that
utilizes patient data and clinical knowledge to provide healthcare

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 providers with evidence-based recommendations and alerts.
Patient healthcare management systems incorporate CDS tools to
assist healthcare providers in making informed decisions at the
point of care. These tools can provide alerts for potential
medication interactions, clinical guidelines, and best practices.
5. Telehealth and Remote Monitoring: Patient healthcare
management systems leverage telehealth technologies to enable
remote consultations and monitoring of patients' health
conditions. These systems use secure video conferencing,
messaging platforms, and remote monitoring devices to facilitate
virtual care delivery, ensuring that patients can receive healthcare
services without being physically present at the healthcare facility.
6. Analytics and Reporting: Patient healthcare management systems
employ data analytics methodologies to generate insights and
reports on patient care outcomes, resource utilization, and
population health trends. Analytical tools help healthcare
providers identify patterns, trends, and opportunities for
improvement in patient care delivery. These insights support
decision-making, quality improvement initiatives, and population
health management.
7. User Experience Design (UX): UX design methodologies are
employed to create intuitive and user-friendly interfaces for
healthcare providers and patients. The systems aim to enhance
usability, efficiency, and satisfaction by considering user needs,
workflows, and feedback during the design and development
process.

By employing these methodologies, patient healthcare

management systems aim to improve data management, care
coordination, clinical decision-making, patient engagement, and

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overall healthcare delivery. These systems continuously evolve and
adapt as new technologies and methodologies emerge to meet
the evolving needs of patients and healthcare providers.

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 LIMITATIONS
Although patient healthcare management systems offer many
benefits, they also have some limitations. Here are some of the
limitations of patient healthcare management systems:

1. Data Privacy and Security: Patient healthcare management

systems handle sensitive patient health information, and
therefore, data privacy and security are major concerns. The
systems must adhere to strict data protection regulations, such as
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), to
ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of patient
data. However, data breaches and cyber attacks can still occur,
compromising patient privacy and putting patient safety at risk.
2. Technical Infrastructure: Patient healthcare management systems
require a robust technical infrastructure to support their
functionality. Healthcare providers must invest in appropriate
hardware, software, and network infrastructure to ensure the
systems' smooth operation. Technical issues, such as system
downtime and connectivity problems, can interrupt patient care
delivery and lead to potential risks for patients.
3. User Adoption: Patient healthcare management systems rely on
user adoption to achieve their goals. Healthcare providers and
patients must be willing to adopt and use the systems regularly
for them to be effective. Resistance to change, lack of training,
and perceived inefficiencies can limit user adoption and hinder
the systems' effectiveness.
4. Data Quality and Standardization: Patient healthcare management
systems rely on high-quality, standardized data to provide
accurate and comprehensive patient health information. However,

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 data quality and standardization can be challenging, as patient
health data often comes from various sources and in different
formats. Inaccurate or incomplete data can compromise patient
safety and limit the systems' effectiveness.
5. Cost: Implementing patient healthcare management systems can
be expensive. Healthcare providers must invest in hardware,
software, and IT support to establish and maintain the systems.
The costs of training, upgrades, and maintenance can also add up
over time, making the systems cost-prohibitive for some
healthcare organizations.
6. Legal and Regulatory Compliance: Patient healthcare
management systems must comply with various legal and
regulatory requirements, such as HIPAA, FDA regulations, and
state laws. Compliance can be challenging, as regulations can
change frequently, and healthcare organizations must stay up to
date on the latest requirements to avoid legal and financial
penalties.
7. Health Disparities: Patient healthcare management systems may
exacerbate existing health disparities if they are not accessible or
usable by all patients. Patients from underserved communities,
elderly patients, and patients with limited health literacy may face
barriers in accessing and using the systems, limiting their benefits
to these populations.

Overall, patient healthcare management systems have the

potential to improve patient care delivery and outcomes.
However, healthcare providers and policymakers must address the
systems' limitations to ensure their effectiveness and impact on
patient care delivery and outcomes.

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 CHAPTER 2

TYPE OF PATIENT HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Electronic Health Care Management Systems (EHMS) refer to a

type of patient healthcare management system that uses
electronic or digital tools to manage and organize patient health
information. EHMSs are used by healthcare providers to store,
manage, and share patient health records, lab results, medication
histories, imaging studies, and other health-related information in
a secure and accessible way.

EHMSs typically include features such as:

1. Electronic Health Records (EHRs): EHRs are digital versions of

patients' medical records that contain their health history,
diagnoses, medications, lab results, and other health-related
information. EHRs allow healthcare providers to access patients'
health information quickly and easily, improving the quality of
care delivery.
2. Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE): CPOE systems enable
healthcare providers to order medications, lab tests, and imaging
studies electronically, reducing the risk of medical errors and
improving patient safety.
3. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS): CDSS systems provide
healthcare providers with evidence-based recommendations for
patient care, based on patient health data and clinical guidelines.
4. Telehealth and Remote Patient Monitoring: EHMSs can also
include telehealth and remote patient monitoring tools, enabling

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healthcare providers to monitor patients' health remotely and
provide care outside of the traditional clinical setting.

The benefits of EHMSs include improved patient care, increased

efficiency, enhanced patient engagement, improved coordination
of care, and valuable data for health research and policymaking.
However, there are also challenges and limitations associated with
EHMSs, such as data privacy and security, technical infrastructure,
user adoption, data quality and standardization, cost, legal and
regulatory compliance, and health disparities. Implementing
EHMSs requires careful planning, system selection, training and
education, system integration, and ongoing evaluation and
improvement.

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 PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

Personal Health Records (PHRs) are an integral component of

patient healthcare management systems. PHRs are electronic or
digital records that contain an individual's health information,
typically managed and controlled by the individual themselves.
PHRs are designed to empower patients by allowing them to
access, manage, and share their health information as needed.

In patient healthcare management systems, PHRs provide

individuals with a platform to store and organize their personal
health information, including medical history, allergies,
medications, immunization records, and lab results. PHRs can be
accessed and updated by patients, enabling them to actively
participate in their healthcare.

Here are some key aspects of PHRs within patient healthcare

management systems:

1. Patient Ownership and Control: PHRs give individuals ownership

and control over their health information. Patients can enter and
manage their own data, ensuring its accuracy and completeness.
They can also determine who can access their PHR and under
what circumstances.
2. Accessible Anytime, Anywhere: PHRs are typically accessible
through web-based portals or mobile applications. This allows
patients to access their health information whenever and
wherever they need it, facilitating self-management and
continuity of care.
3. Integration with EHRs: PHRs can integrate with healthcare
providers' electronic health record systems, enabling the

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 exchange of information between patients and healthcare
providers. This integration promotes better care coordination, as
patients can share their PHR with their healthcare team, ensuring
they have a complete view of the patient's health history.
4. Patient Engagement and Empowerment: PHRs empower patients
by involving them in their care decisions. Patients can track their
progress, set health goals, and access educational resources
tailored to their conditions. PHRs can also support communication
and secure messaging between patients and healthcare providers.
5. Privacy and Security: PHRs prioritize data privacy and security.
Patients have control over who can access their health information
and can grant permissions to healthcare providers or caregivers.
Data encryption and secure authentication protocols are
implemented to protect patient information.
6. Interoperability: PHRs aim to be interoperable, allowing for the
exchange of information between different healthcare
organizations and systems. Standardized data formats and
protocols enable seamless sharing of health information, ensuring
continuity of care across different healthcare settings.

PHRs in patient healthcare management systems empower

individuals to actively engage in their healthcare and provide
them with convenient access to their health information. By
incorporating PHRs, patient healthcare management systems
facilitate patient-centered care, enhance communication between
patients and healthcare providers, and support better health
outcomes.

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 PATIENT PORTAL

A patient portal is a secure online platform within a healthcare

management system that allows patients to access their health
information, communicate with healthcare providers, and engage
in their own care. Patient portals are an essential component of
modern healthcare management systems, providing patients with
convenient and secure access to their health records and enabling
them to actively participate in their healthcare journey.

Here are some key features and functionalities of patient portals

in healthcare management systems:

1. Access to Personal Health Information: Patient portals allow

individuals to view and manage their personal health information,
including medical history, medications, allergies, immunizations,
lab results, and appointment schedules. Patients can access this
information from anywhere, at any time, using a computer or
mobile device with internet connectivity.
2. Secure Messaging: Patient portals facilitate secure communication
between patients and healthcare providers. Patients can send
messages, ask questions, request prescription refills, or seek
clarification about their care. Healthcare providers can respond to
patient inquiries, provide guidance, and share important health-
related information through the portal's messaging feature.
3. Appointment Scheduling and Reminders: Patient portals often
include functionality for patients to schedule appointments online.
Patients can view available time slots, select a convenient
appointment, and receive automated reminders through the
portal. This feature helps patients manage their healthcare

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 appointments and reduces the risk of missed or forgotten
appointments.
4. Prescription Management: Patient portals enable individuals to
request prescription refills, view their current medications, and
access medication instructions or educational materials. Patients
can also receive alerts for medication reminders or updates
through the portal.
5. Lab Results and Test Reports: Patient portals provide a platform
for patients to access their lab results and test reports. Instead of
waiting for a phone call or an in-person visit, patients can review
their results securely and promptly through the portal. This helps
patients stay informed about their health status and facilitates
better communication with their healthcare providers.
6. Educational Resources: Patient portals often offer educational
resources, including articles, videos, and other materials related to
specific health conditions or general wellness. Patients can access
these resources to learn more about their health, preventive care,
or self-management techniques.
7. Health Tracking: Some patient portals allow patients to track their
health metrics, such as blood pressure, blood sugar levels, weight,
or exercise routines. Patients can enter and monitor their health
data over time, enabling them to identify trends, set goals, and
work towards better health outcomes.

Patient portals enhance patient engagement, improve

communication between patients and healthcare providers, and
promote self-management of health conditions. By providing easy
access to personal health information and fostering secure
communication, patient portals empower individuals to take an

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active role in their care and contribute to improved healthcare
outcomes.

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 PLANING AND PERPARTION

The planning and preparation of a patient healthcare

management system can involve several steps and considerations.
Here are some key factors to consider:

1. Identify the objectives: Start by identifying the goals and

objectives of the healthcare management system. What problems
are you trying to solve? What improvements are you looking to
make? By identifying your objectives, you can create a roadmap
for the development and implementation of the system.
2. Determine the scope: Determine the scope of the healthcare
management system. What areas of healthcare management will
the system cover? Will it be used for electronic health records,
practice management, medical billing, telemedicine, healthcare
analytics, patient engagement, healthcare information exchange,
or a combination of these areas? Define the scope to ensure that
the system is focused and meets your objectives.
3. Choose the right system: Once you have identified the objectives
and scope of the system, you need to choose the right system.
There are many different types of healthcare management
systems, each with its own features and benefits. Consider factors
such as cost, ease of use, scalability, integration with existing
systems, and vendor support when choosing a system.
4. Develop a plan: Develop a plan for implementing the healthcare
management system. This plan should include timelines, budgets,
resource requirements, and key milestones. Ensure that the plan
aligns with your objectives and scope, and that all stakeholders
are aware of the plan.
5. Implement the system: Once the plan is in place, it's time to
implement the healthcare management system. This can involve

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 configuring the system, training staff, migrating data from existing
systems, and testing the system. Ensure that the implementation
is well-managed and that all stakeholders are involved in the
process.
6. Monitor and evaluate: After the healthcare management system is
implemented, it's important to monitor and evaluate its
performance. This can involve tracking key performance
indicators, analyzing user feedback, and identifying areas for
improvement. Regularly monitoring and evaluating the system
can ensure that it continues to meet your objectives and provide
value to patients and healthcare providers.

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 SYSTEM SELECTION

Selecting the right patient healthcare management system

requires careful consideration and evaluation of various factors.
Here are some steps to help guide you through the system
selection process:

1. Identify your requirements: Start by identifying your specific

requirements and needs for a patient healthcare management
system. Consider factors such as the scope of the system,
functionalities required (e.g., EHR, practice management,
telemedicine, etc.), integration capabilities, scalability, security
features, user-friendliness, and any specific customization or
workflow requirements unique to your healthcare organization.
2. Conduct market research: Research different vendors and
solutions available in the market. Look for vendors that specialize
in healthcare management systems and have a proven track
record in the industry. Consider factors such as vendor reputation,
experience, customer reviews and testimonials, and the longevity
of their products. You can also seek recommendations from other
healthcare organizations or industry professionals.
3. Request proposals and demos: Once you have shortlisted
potential vendors, request detailed proposals from them. Ask for a
demonstration of their system to assess its usability and
functionality. During the demo, pay attention to how well the
system aligns with your requirements, ease of use, user interface,
data management capabilities, reporting features, and any
additional services or support provided by the vendor.
4. Evaluate system compatibility: Assess the compatibility of the
patient healthcare management system with your existing IT

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 infrastructure and systems. Consider factors such as compatibility
with your current EHR, practice management software, billing
systems, and other relevant systems. Ensure that the system can
integrate smoothly with your existing technology landscape or
consider the additional integration efforts required.
5. Consider scalability and future needs: Anticipate your future
needs and ensure that the selected system is scalable to
accommodate potential growth or changes in your healthcare
organization. Consider factors such as the system's ability to
handle increased patient volume, support additional features or
modules, and adapt to evolving healthcare regulations and
standards.
6. Assess implementation and support: Evaluate the implementation
process and support services provided by the vendor. Ask about
the vendor's implementation methodology, estimated timeline,
data migration process, and training and support offerings. Ensure
that the vendor offers comprehensive training for your staff and
ongoing support to address any technical issues or system
updates.
7. Cost analysis: Consider the total cost of ownership, including
upfront costs, ongoing maintenance fees, licensing fees, and any
additional costs associated with implementation, customization,
training, and support. Compare the costs with the expected
benefits and value the system will bring to your healthcare
organization.
8. Seek feedback and references: Reach out to other healthcare
organizations or industry peers who have implemented the
system you are considering. Ask for their feedback, challenges
faced during implementation, and overall satisfaction with the

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 system. This can provide valuable insights and help you make an
informed decision.
9. Make a decision: After evaluating all the factors, comparing
proposals, and considering feedback, make a decision based on
the best fit for your requirements, budget, and organizational
goals.

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 TRAINING AND EDUCATION

Training and education are crucial components of implementing a

patient healthcare management system successfully. Here are
some key considerations for training and education during the
implementation process:

1. Training Needs Assessment: Begin by conducting a training needs

assessment to identify the specific training requirements of
different user groups. Determine who will be using the system,
their roles and responsibilities, and their existing knowledge and
proficiency levels. This assessment will help tailor the training
program to meet the specific needs of each user group.
2. Develop Training Materials: Create comprehensive training
materials that cover all aspects of using the patient healthcare
management system. These materials can include user manuals,
step-by-step guides, video tutorials, FAQs, and any other
resources that will assist users in understanding and navigating
the system effectively.
3. Customize Training for User Groups: Recognize that different user
groups may require different levels and types of training. For
example, clinicians may need more in-depth training on clinical
documentation and decision support, while administrative staff
may require training on scheduling, billing, and practice
management functionalities. Tailor the training program
accordingly to meet the specific needs of each user group.
4. Training Sessions: Conduct interactive training sessions to engage
users and provide hands-on experience with the system. These
sessions can be conducted in person or through webinars,
depending on the availability and location of the users. Encourage

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 active participation, answer questions, and provide opportunities
for users to practice using the system in a simulated environment.
5. Train-the-Trainer Approach: Consider implementing a train-the-
trainer approach, where a core group of users from each user
group receives in-depth training and becomes the internal
trainers for their respective departments or teams. These internal
trainers can then provide ongoing training and support to their
colleagues, fostering a culture of continuous learning and
knowledge sharing.
6. Ongoing Support and Refresher Training: Offer ongoing support
and refresher training to users after the initial implementation.
This can include regular check-ins, dedicated support channels,
and periodic training sessions to address any questions, concerns,
or updates related to the patient healthcare management system.
Keep users informed about system enhancements, new features,
and best practices through newsletters, email updates, or an
intranet platform.
7. User Adoption Strategies: Implement user adoption strategies to
encourage engagement and ensure the successful integration of
the patient healthcare management system into daily workflows.
This can include promoting the benefits of the system, addressing
user concerns, offering incentives, and providing continuous
feedback and recognition for system usage and proficiency.
8. Documentation and Resources: Provide comprehensive
documentation and resources that users can refer to after the
training sessions. This can include user manuals, FAQs, quick
reference guides, and an online knowledge base. Having easily
accessible resources will help users reinforce their learning and
troubleshoot issues independently.

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Remember that training and education should be an ongoing
process, as new users join the organization or system updates are
introduced. Regular evaluations and feedback loops can help
identify areas for improvement and ensure that training efforts are
effective in maximizing user proficiency and satisfaction with the
patient healthcare management system.

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 SYSTEM INTGRATION

System integration in patient healthcare management involves

connecting the healthcare management system with other
existing systems or applications to enable seamless data exchange
and workflow coordination. Here are some key considerations for
system integration in a patient healthcare management system:

1. Identify Integration Needs: Begin by identifying the systems or

applications that need to be integrated with the patient
healthcare management system. This may include electronic
health record (EHR) systems, practice management systems,
billing systems, laboratory information systems, pharmacy
systems, telemedicine platforms, or any other relevant systems
used within your healthcare organization.
2. Define Integration Requirements: Clearly define the integration
requirements, including the specific data elements, workflows, and
functionalities that need to be shared between systems.
Determine the direction of data flow (e.g., bidirectional or
unidirectional) and the frequency of data updates or
synchronization.
3. Standards and Protocols: Ensure that the patient healthcare
management system and the systems being integrated support
compatible standards and protocols for data exchange. Common
standards in healthcare integration include Health Level Seven
(HL7), Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR),
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE), and DICOM (Digital
Imaging and Communications in Medicine).
4. Data Mapping and Transformation: Establish data mapping and
transformation processes to ensure that data exchanged between

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 systems is correctly mapped and formatted according to the
required standards and structures. This may involve mapping data
fields, converting data formats, and ensuring data integrity during
the integration process.
5. Integration Methods: Determine the appropriate integration
methods based on the systems involved and their capabilities.
Integration methods can include application programming
interfaces (APIs), web services (SOAP or RESTful), message-based
integration (e.g., HL7 messages), file-based integration (e.g., CSV,
XML), or a combination of these methods. Choose the method
that best suits the integration requirements and the capabilities of
the systems being integrated.
6. Security and Privacy: Implement robust security measures to
protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data during
integration. Ensure that the integration follows privacy regulations
and standards, such as the Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States or the General
Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union.
7. Testing and Validation: Conduct thorough testing and validation
of the integrated systems to ensure proper functioning, data
accuracy, and workflow efficiency. Test data exchange scenarios,
error handling, and system performance under various conditions.
Engage users and stakeholders in the testing process to gather
feedback and address any issues before going live.
8. Ongoing Maintenance and Support: Establish processes for
ongoing maintenance and support of the integrated systems. This
includes monitoring data exchange, resolving integration-related
issues, implementing updates and patches, and providing user
support as needed.

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Effective system integration in a patient healthcare management
system enables seamless data sharing, streamlines workflows, and
enhances the overall efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare
delivery. It promotes interoperability and facilitates better
coordination and communication among different healthcare
systems and stakeholders within your organization.

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 EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT

Evaluation and improvement are essential components of

maintaining and enhancing a patient healthcare management
system. Here are some key steps to consider for evaluating and
improving your system:

1. Define Evaluation Metrics: Identify the key metrics and

performance indicators that will be used to evaluate the
effectiveness of the patient healthcare management system.
These metrics can include system uptime, response time, data
accuracy, user satisfaction, productivity gains, cost savings, and
clinical outcomes. Define specific targets or benchmarks for each
metric to measure against.
2. Regular System Assessment: Conduct regular assessments of the
patient healthcare management system to identify strengths,
weaknesses, and areas for improvement. This can involve
reviewing system logs and reports, conducting user surveys or
interviews, analyzing system usage data, and seeking feedback
from stakeholders. Evaluate whether the system is meeting the
intended objectives and identify any gaps or issues that need to
be addressed.
3. User Feedback and Input: Actively seek feedback from users of the
system, including healthcare providers, administrators, and
patients. Encourage users to provide feedback on their
experiences, usability, and functionality of the system. Consider
establishing user feedback channels, such as suggestion boxes,
user forums, or dedicated helpdesk support, to gather ongoing
input and suggestions for improvement.

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4. Data Quality and Integrity: Monitor and assess the quality and
integrity of the data captured and managed by the system.
Conduct regular data audits to identify any inconsistencies, errors,
or gaps in the data. Address data quality issues promptly to
ensure the accuracy and reliability of the system's outputs and
analytics.
5. System Performance Optimization: Continuously monitor and
optimize the performance of the patient healthcare management
system. This can involve identifying and resolving any bottlenecks
or performance issues, optimizing database queries, fine-tuning
system configurations, and upgrading hardware or infrastructure
as needed. Regularly benchmark system performance against
established targets and make adjustments to ensure optimal
performance.
6. User Training and Support: Assess the training and support
provided to users of the system. Identify any gaps in knowledge
or skills and provide additional training or resources as needed.
Evaluate user satisfaction with the training and support services
and make improvements based on user feedback.
7. System Upgrades and Enhancements: Stay up to date with the
latest advancements in healthcare technology and industry
standards. Regularly evaluate new system upgrades,
enhancements, or modules that can further improve the
capabilities and functionalities of the patient healthcare
management system. Engage with the system vendor or
technology partners to explore opportunities for system
enhancements and upgrades.
8. Continuous Improvement Culture: Foster a culture of continuous
improvement within your healthcare organization. Encourage and
empower stakeholders to provide suggestions for system

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 improvement and innovation. Establish mechanisms to prioritize
and implement valuable enhancements or features that align with
the organization's strategic goals.
9. User Training and Communication: Communicate system
improvements, upgrades, and changes to users effectively.
Provide timely and comprehensive training on new features or
enhancements. Ensure that users are aware of how these changes
will benefit their workflow and patient care.

By consistently evaluating and improving your patient healthcare

management system, you can enhance its performance, usability,
and overall value to healthcare providers and patients. Regular
assessments, user feedback, data quality monitoring, system
optimization, and continuous improvement efforts will contribute
to an efficient and effective healthcare management system.

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 CASE STUDIES OF PATIENT HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

1. Cleveland Clinic - MyChart: Cleveland Clinic implemented a

patient healthcare management system called MyChart that
allows patients to access their medical records, schedule
appointments, request prescription refills, and communicate with
their healthcare providers. MyChart has been successful in
improving patient engagement, satisfaction, and outcomes, with
over 2.5 million users.
2. Kaiser Permanente - KP HealthConnect: Kaiser Permanente
implemented a patient healthcare management system called KP
HealthConnect that provides healthcare providers with a complete
view of a patient's medical history, medications, and treatment
plans. KP HealthConnect has been successful in improving patient
safety and quality of care, reducing medication errors and hospital
readmissions.
3. Geisinger Health System - ProvenHealth Navigator: Geisinger
Health System implemented a patient healthcare management
system called ProvenHealth Navigator that uses predictive
analytics to identify patients at high risk for hospital readmission
or complications. ProvenHealth Navigator has been successful in
reducing hospital readmissions and improving patient outcomes,
with a 20% reduction in hospital admissions and a 15% reduction
in emergency room visits.
4. NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital - Epic Systems: NewYork-
Presbyterian Hospital implemented a patient healthcare
management system called Epic Systems that provides healthcare
providers with a complete view of a patient's medical history,
medications, and treatment plans. Epic Systems has been

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successful in improving patient safety, quality of care, and
efficiency, reducing medication errors and hospital readmissions.

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 EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATIONS

1. Mayo Clinic - Patient Online Services: Mayo Clinic implemented a

patient healthcare management system called Patient Online
Services. This system allows patients to access their medical
records, schedule appointments, communicate with healthcare
providers, and receive test results electronically. The
implementation of Patient Online Services has improved patient
engagement, convenience, and satisfaction.
2. Massachusetts General Hospital - Partners Patient Gateway:
Massachusetts General Hospital implemented Partners Patient
Gateway, a patient healthcare management system that enables
patients to securely access their health records, request
prescription refills, view lab results, and communicate with their
healthcare team. The system has resulted in improved patient-
provider communication, increased patient empowerment, and
enhanced care coordination.
3. Stanford Health Care - MyHealth: Stanford Health Care
implemented MyHealth, a patient healthcare management system
that provides patients with online access to their medical records,
appointment scheduling, medication management, and secure
messaging with healthcare providers. MyHealth has been
successful in enhancing patient engagement, improving care
coordination, and increasing patient satisfaction.
4. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) - MyUPMC:
UPMC implemented MyUPMC, a comprehensive patient
healthcare management system that offers patients access to their
medical records, appointment scheduling, prescription
management, and telemedicine services. MyUPMC has resulted in

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 improved patient-provider communication, reduced
administrative burden, and enhanced patient experience.
5. Mount Sinai Health System - MyMountSinaiChart: Mount Sinai
Health System implemented MyMountSinaiChart, a patient
healthcare management system that allows patients to securely
access their health information, request appointments,
communicate with their care team, and view test results. The
implementation of MyMountSinaiChart has improved patient
engagement, care coordination, and overall patient satisfaction.

These examples highlight the successful implementation of

patient healthcare management systems across different
healthcare organizations, leading to improved patient
engagement, streamlined communication, enhanced care
coordination, and ultimately better patient outcomes.

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 CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNED

Challenges and lessons learned in patient healthcare management

systems can vary depending on the healthcare organization,
system implementation, and other factors. However, some
common challenges and lessons learned are:

Challenges:

1. Resistance to change: Healthcare providers and staff may resist

adopting a new patient healthcare management system due to
concerns about workload, privacy, and data security.
2. Technical issues: Implementation of the system can be challenging
due to technical issues such as compatibility with existing systems,
connectivity, and system downtime.
3. Data quality: Inaccurate or incomplete data can compromise the
integrity of the system and negatively impact patient care.
4. Patient engagement: Some patients may not be comfortable
using technology to manage their healthcare or may lack access
to the internet or other resources to use the system effectively.

Lessons learned:

1. Engage stakeholders: Engaging all stakeholders including

healthcare providers, staff, patients, and IT professionals in the
planning and implementation process is critical to the success of
the system.
2. Provide training and education: Adequate training and education
should be provided to all stakeholders to ensure that they
understand the benefits and how to use the system effectively.

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3. Plan for technical issues: Having a backup plan for technical issues
such as system downtime or connectivity issues can minimize the
impact on patient care and provider workflow.
4. Monitor data quality: Regular monitoring and validation of data
can ensure that the system is accurate and up-to-date, improving
patient care outcomes.
5. Evaluate system performance: Regular evaluation of the system's
performance can identify areas for improvement and ensure that
the system continues to meet the needs of the healthcare
organization and patients.

These challenges and lessons learned emphasize the importance

of careful planning, stakeholder engagement, and ongoing
evaluation and improvement in the successful implementation
and use of patient healthcare management systems.

54| Page
55| Page
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

HTML:
HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is the
standard markup language used to create web pages.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting
of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>). HTML tags
most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although
some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for
example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the
second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening
tags and closing tags). Though not always necessary, it is best
practice to append a slash to tags which are not paired with a
closing tag.
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and
compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser
does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret
the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a
website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it
a markup language rather than a programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites.
HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be
used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to
create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for
text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other
items. It can embed scripts written in languages such
as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages.

CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS):

56| Page
It is a style sheet language used for describing the look and
formatting of a document written in a markup language. While
most often used to style web pages and interfaces written
in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any kind
of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS
is a cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web
pages use CSS style sheets to describe their presentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document
content from document presentation, including elements such as
the layout, colors, and fonts.[1] This separation can improve
content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the
specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple
pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition
in the structural content .
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in
different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-
screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based
browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices.
It can also be used to allow the web page to display differently
depending on the screen size or device on which it is being
viewed. While the author of a document typically links that
document to a CSS file, readers can use a different style sheet,
perhaps one on their own computer, to override the one the
author has specified. However if the author or the reader did not
link the document to a specific style sheet the default style of the
browser will be applied.

MySQL:

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 MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle
Corporation. MySQL is a database system used on the web
it runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both small and large
applications. It is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. It supports
standard SQL. MySQL can be compiled on a number of
platforms.
The data in MySQL is stored in tables. A table is a collection of
related data, and it consists of columns and rows. Databases are
useful when storing information categorically.
FEATURES OF MySQL:
Internals and portability:
 Written in C and C++.
 Tested with a broad range of different compilers.
 Works on many different platforms.
 Tested with Purify (a commercial memory leakage detector)
as well as with Val grind, a GPL tool.
 Uses multi-layered server design with independent modules.
Security:
 A privilege and password system that is very flexible and
secure, and that enables host-based verification.
 Password security by encryption of all password traffic when
you connect to a server.
Scalability and Limits:
 Support for large databases. We use MySQL Server with
databases that contain 50 million records. We also know of
users who use MySQL Server with 200,000 tables and about
5,000,000,000 rows.

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 Support for up to 64 indexes per table (32 before MySQL
4.1.2). Each index may consist of 1 to 16 columns or parts of
columns. The maximum index width is 767 bytes
for InnoDB tables, or 1000 for MyISAM; before MySQL
4.1.2, the limit is 500 bytes. An index may use a prefix of a
column for CHAR, VARCHAR, BLOB, or TEXT column types.

CONNECTIVITY:
Clients can connect to MySQL Server using several
protocols:
 Clients can connect using TCP/IP sockets on any
platform.
 On Windows systems in the NT family (NT, 2000, XP,
2003, or Vista), clients can connect using named pipes if
the server is started with the --enable-named-
pipe option. In MySQL 4.1 and higher, Windows
servers also support shared-memory connections if
started with the --shared-memory option. Clients
can connect through shared memory by using the --
protocol=memory option.
 On UNIX systems, clients can connect using Unix
domain socket files.
LOCALIZATION:
 The server can provide error messages to clients in many
languages.
 All data is saved in the chosen character set.

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CLIENTS AND TOOLS:
 MySQL includes several client and utility programs.
These include both command-line programs such as
mysqldump and mysqladmin, and graphical programs
such as MySQL Workbench.
 MySQL Server has built-in support for SQL statements
to check, optimize, and repair tables. These statements
are available from the command line through
the mysqlcheck client. MySQL also
includes myisamchk, a very fast command-line utility
for performing these operations on MyISAM tables.
 MySQL programs can be invoked with the --
help or -? option to obtain online assistance.

WHY TO USE MySQL:

• Leading open source RDBMS
• Ease of use – No frills
• Fast
• Robust
• Security
• Multiple OS support
• Free

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 • Technical support
• Support large database– up to 50 million rows, file size
limit up to 8 Million TB

JAVASCRIPT:
JavaScript is the scripting language of the Web. All modern
HTML pages are using JavaScript. A scripting language is a
lightweight programming language.JavaScript code can be
inserted into any HTML page, and it can be executed by all
types of web browsers. JavaScript is easy to learn.
WHY TO USE JAVASCRIPT:
JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must
learn:
1. HTML to define the content of web pages
2. CSS to specify the layout of web pages
3. JavaScript to specify the behavior of web pages
Example
x = document.getElementById("demo"); //Find the HTML
element with id="demo"
x.innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript"; //Change the content of
the HTML element
document.getElementById() is one of the most commonly
used HTML DOM methods.

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OTHER USES OF JAVASCRIPT:
 Delete HTML elements
 Create new HTML elements
 Copy HTML elements
 In HTML, JavaScript is a sequence of statements that can
be executed by the web browser.

JAVASCRIPT STATEMENTS:

 JavaScript statements are "commands" to the browser.

 The purpose of the statements is to tell the browser what to
do.
 This JavaScript statement tells the browser to write "Hello
Dolly" inside an HTML element with id="demo":

Semicolon;
 Semicolon separates JavaScript statements.
 Normally you add a semicolon at the end of each
executable statement.
 Using semicolons also makes it possible to write many
statements on one line.
JAVASCRIPT CODE:
 JavaScript code (or just JavaScript) is a sequence of
JavaScript statements.
 Each statement is executed by the browser in the sequence
they are written.
 This example will manipulate two HTML elements:
 Example

62| Page
  document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="Hello
Dolly";
document.getElementById("myDIV").innerHTML="How
are you?";
JAVASCRIPT PROPERTIES:

 Properties are the values associated with a JavaScript

object.

 A JavaScript object is a collection of unordered properties.

 Properties can usually be changed, added, and deleted, but

some are read only.

.NET Framework:
.NET Framework is a software framework developed by Microsoft
that provides a comprehensive platform for building, deploying,
and running applications on Windows-based systems. It includes
a large library of pre-built code, called the Base Class Library
(BCL), which developers can use to create applications for various
purposes, such as desktop, web, and mobile applications.

Here are some key features and components of the .NET

Framework:

63| Page
Common Language Runtime (CLR): This is the foundation of
the .NET Framework and is responsible for managing the
execution of .NET applications. It provides services such as
memory management, security, and exception handling.

Base Class Library (BCL): The BCL is a set of pre-built code that
provides functionality for tasks such as input/output, networking,
database access, and graphics. It also includes classes for working
with common data types such as strings and arrays.

Language Independence: The .NET Framework supports multiple

programming languages, including C#, Visual Basic .NET, and F#.
Developers can choose the language they prefer while still being
able to access the same underlying framework.

Development Tools: Microsoft provides a range of development

tools for building .NET applications, including Visual Studio, Visual
Studio Code, and the .NET CLI. These tools provide integrated
debugging, testing, and deployment features.

Web Development: The .NET Framework includes a range of

technologies for building web applications, including ASP.NET
Web Forms, ASP.NET MVC, and ASP.NET Core. These frameworks

64| Page
provide a rich set of features for building web applications, such
as routing, authentication, and data access.

Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF): WPF is a framework for

building desktop applications with rich user interfaces. It provides
support for vector graphics, multimedia, and data binding.

Windows Communication Foundation (WCF): WCF is a framework

for building distributed systems, including web services and
message-based applications. It provides a unified programming
model for working with various communication protocols.

Windows Workflow Foundation (WF): WF is a framework for

building workflow-enabled applications. It provides a set of
activities for creating workflows, which can be used to automate
business processes.

In addition to the above features, the .NET Framework also

provides support for interoperability with other programming
languages and platforms, such as COM and Java. It also includes
features for working with databases, XML, and other common
data formats.

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Microsoft has announced that .NET Framework will reach end of
support on June 30, 2023, and recommends migrating to .NET 5
or later. The successor to .NET Framework is .NET Core, a cross-
platform, open-source framework that provides many of the same
features as the .NET Framework.

C# :
C# is a general-purpose, modern and object-oriented
programming language pronounced as “C sharp”. It was
developed by Microsoft led by Anders Hejlsberg and his
team within the .Net initiative and was approved by the
European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA)
and International Standards Organization (ISO). C# is
among the languages for Common Language
Infrastructure and the current version of C# is version 7.2.
C# is a lot similar to Java syntactically and is easy for the
users who have knowledge of C, C++ or Java. A bit
about .Net Framework .Net applications are multi-platform
applications and framework can be used from languages
like C++, C#, Visual Basic, COBOL etc. It is designed in a
manner so that other languages can use it. know more
about .Net Framework Why C#? C# has many other

66| Page
reasons for being popular and in demand. Few of the
reasons are mentioned below:

Easy to start: C# is a high-level language so it is closer to

other popular programming languages like C, C++, and
Java and thus becomes easy to learn for anyone.

Widely used for developing Desktop and Web Application:

C# is widely used for developing web applications and
Desktop applications. It is one of the most popular
languages that is used in professional desktop. If anyone
wants to create Microsoft apps, C# is their first choice.

Community:The larger the community the better it is as

new tools and software will be developing to make it
better. C# has a large community so the developments are
done to make it exist in the system and not become
extinct.

Game Development: C# is widely used in game

development and will continue to dominate. C# integrates
with Microsoft and thus has a large target audience. The
C# features such as Automatic Garbage Collection,
interfaces, object-oriented, etc. make C# a popular game
developing language.

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Beginning with C# programming: Finding a Compiler:
There are various online IDEs such as GeeksforGeeks ide,
CodeChef ide etc. which can be used to run C# programs
without installing. Windows: Since the C# is developed
within .Net framework initiative by Microsoft, it provide
various IDEs to run C# programs: Microsoft Visual Studio,
Visual Studio Express, Visual Web Developer Linux: Mono
can be used to run C# programs on Linux. Programming in
C#: Since the C# is a lot similar to other widely used
languages syntactically, it is easier to code and learn in C#.
Programs can be written in C# in any of the widely used
text editors like Notepad++, gedit, etc. or on any of the
compilers. After writing the program save the file with the
extension .cs.

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SOURCE CODE
in Index Page:
@{
ViewData["Title"] = "Home Page";
}
@model Healthcare_Management_System.Models.PatientModel

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-modal/0.9.1/jquery.modal.min.js"></
script>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-modal/0.9.1/jquery.modal.min.css" />

<style>
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
width: 100%;
}

th, td {
padding: 2px;
text-align: center;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
width: fit-content;
}

td {
width: 50px;
}

th {
background-color: blueviolet;
color: white;
}

tr:nth-child(even) {
background-color: #f2f2f2;
}

tr:hover {
background-color: #ddd;
}

form {

69| Page
 max-width: 500px;
margin: 0 auto;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}

label {
margin-top: 10px;
}

input,
select,
textarea {
padding: 8px;
margin-top: 5px;
border-radius: 4px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
box-sizing: border-box;
width: 100%;
}

button {
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
padding: 10px 20px;
border: none;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
margin-top: 10px;
}

button:hover {
background-color: #45a049;
}

/* tr, td {
margin: 5px;
padding: 10px;
}*/

input[type=submit] {
width: 100%;
background-color: powderblue;
color: deeppink;
padding: 14px 20px;
margin: 8px 0;

70| Page
 border: none;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
}

.popup-overlay {
/*Hides pop-up when there is no "active" class*/
visibility: hidden;
position: absolute;
background: #ffffff;
border: 3px solid #666666;
width: 50%;
height: 50%;
left: 25%;
top: 10%;
}

.popup-overlay.active {
/*displays pop-up when "active" class is present*/
visibility: visible;
text-align: center;
background-color: peachpuff;
height: fit-content;
}

.popup-content {
/*Hides pop-up content when there is no "active" class */
visibility: hidden;
}

.popup-content.active {
/*Shows pop-up content when "active" class is present */
visibility: visible;
}

button {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
border-radius: 30px;
margin: .20rem;
font-size: 1rem;
color: #666666;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #666666;
}

71| Page
 button:hover {
border: 1px solid #666666;
background: #666666;
color: lightpink;
}

h3 {
text-decoration-color: initial;
color: blueviolet;
}
</style>

<div class="text-center" style="padding-bottom:20px;">

<h1 class="display-4">Patient List</h1>

<input type="hidden" value="0" id="PatientId" />

<input type="button" value="Create" onclick="ShowPopup()" style="width:fit-content" />
<input type="text" id="keyword" placeholder="search by Patient Name or Doctor Name "
style="width:400px;" />
<input type="button" value="Search" onclick="Search()" style="width:fit-content" />
</div>

<div>
<table style="width: 100%;padding: 5px;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Patient's Name</th>
<th>Patient's Age</th>
<th>Patient's Mobile Number</th>
<th>Patient's Email ID</th>
<th>Patient's Blood-Group</th>
<th>Patient's Address</th>
<th>Patient's Emergency Contact Person</th>
<th>Patient's Emergency Contact Number</th>
<th>Appointed Doctor</th>
<th>Action</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody id='Custtable'>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<div class="popup-overlay">
<div class="popup-content">

72| Page
 <form id="patient-details-form" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="CreatePatient">
<div>
<label for="patient-name" asp-for="PatientName">Patient Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="patient-name" name="patientName" required>
</div>
<div>
<label for="date-of-birth" asp-for="DateofBirth">Patient's Age':</label>
<input type="text" id="date-of-birth" name="dateOfBirth" required>
</div>
<div>
<label for="gender" asp-for="Gender">Gender:</label>
<select id="gender" name="gender" required>
<option value="">--Select--</option>
<option value="Male">Male</option>
<option value="Female">Female</option>
<option value="Non-binary">Non-binary</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<label for="phone-number" asp-for="PhoneNumber">Phone Number:</label>
<input type="text" id="phone-number" name="phoneNumber" required>
</div>
<div>
<label for="email-address" asp-for="Email">Email Address:</label>
<input type="email" id="email-address" name="emailAddress" required>
</div>
<div>
<label for="mailing-address" asp-for="PatientAddress">Patient's' Address:</label>
<input type="text" id="mailing-address" name="address" required>
</div>
<div>
<label for="emergency-contact-name" asp-for="EmergentContactName">Emergency
Contact Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="emergency-contact-name" name="emergencyContactName"
required>
</div>
<div>
<label for="emergency-contact-phone-number" asp-
for="EmergentContactNumber">Emergency Contact Phone Number:</label>
<input type="text" id="emergency-contact-phone-number"
name="emergencyContactPhoneNumber" required>
</div>
<div>
<label for="bloodGroup" asp-for="PatientBloodGroup">Blood Group:</label>
<select id="bloodGroup" name="gender" required>
<option value="">--Select--</option>

73| Page
 <option value="A+">A+</option>
<option value="A-">A-</option>
<option value="AB">AB</option>
<option value="O+">O+</option>
<option value="O-">O-</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<label for="appointed-doctor" asp-for="AppointedDoctor">Appointed
Doctor:</label>
<input type="text" id="appointed-Doctor" name="dateOfAdmission" required>
</div>
<button type="button" id="btnCreate" onclick="Save();">Submit</button>
<button type="button" onclick="HidePopup();">Cancel</button>
</form>

</div>

</div>

<script>

$(document).ready(function () {
Search();
});

function ShowPopup() {

$(".popup-overlay, .popup-content").addClass("active");
$('#btnCreate').css('visibility', 'visible');

function HidePopup() {
$(".popup-overlay, .popup-content").removeClass("active");
$('#btnCreate').css('visibility', 'hidden');
}
function isEmail(email) {
var regex = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_.+-])+\@@(([a-zA-Z0-9-])+\.)+([a-zA-Z0-9]{2,4})+$/;
if (!regex.test(email)) {
return false;
}
else {
return true;

74| Page
 }
}

function CreatePatient() {
debugger;
var PatientName = $('#patient-name').val();
var PatientBloodGroup = $('#bloodGroup').val();
var PatientAddress = $('#mailing-address').val();
var Gender = $('#gender').val();
var PatientAge = $('#date-of-birth').val();
var PhoneNumber = $('#phone-number').val();
var Email = $('#email-address').val();
var EmergentContactNumber = $('#emergency-contact-phone-number').val();
var EmergentContactName = $('#emergency-contact-name').val();
var AppointedDoctor = $('#appointed-Doctor').val();

var error = "";

if (PatientName == "") {
error = error + "Please enter the Patient Name .\n";
$('#patient-name').css("border", "1px solid red");
}
if (PatientBloodGroup == "") {
error = error + "Please select the Blood Group .\n";
$('#bloodGroup').css("border", "1px solid red");
}
if (PatientAddress == "") {
error = error + "Please select the Patient Address .\n";
$('#mailing-address').css("border", "1px solid red");
}
if (Gender == "") {
error = error + "Please select the Gender .\n";
$('#gender').css("border", "1px solid red");
}
if (PatientAge == "") {
error = error + "Please enter the Age .\n";
$('#date-of-birth').css("border", "1px solid red");
}
else if (parseInt(PatientAge) < 0 && parseInt(PatientAge) > 100) {
error = error + "Invalid Age .\n";
$('#date-of-birth').css("border", "1px solid red");
}
if (PhoneNumber == "") {
error = error + "Please select the Phone Number .\n";
$('#phone-number').css("border", "1px solid red");

75| Page
 }
if (Email == "") {
error = error + "Please select the Email .\n";
$('#email-address').css("border", "1px solid red");
}
if (EmergentContactNumber == "") {
error = error + "Please select the Emergency Contact Number .\n";
$('#emergency-contact-phone-number').css("border", "1px solid red");
}
if (EmergentContactName == "") {
error = error + "Please select the Emergency Contact .\n";
$('#emergency-contact-name').css("border", "1px solid red");
}
if (AppointedDoctor == "") {
error = error + "Please select the Appointed Doctor .\n";
$('#appointed-Doctor').css("border", "1px solid red");
}

if (error != "") {
alert(error);
return false;
}

// for insert we use this....

$.ajax({
url: "/Home/CreatePatient",
dataType: 'json',
data: { 'PatientName': PatientName, 'PatientBloodGroup': PatientBloodGroup,
'PatientAddress': PatientAddress, 'Gender': Gender, 'PatientAge': PatientAge, 'Email': Email,
'EmergentContactNumber': EmergentContactNumber, 'EmergentContactName':
EmergentContactName, 'AppointedDoctor': AppointedDoctor, 'PhoneNumber': PhoneNumber },
type: 'Post',
success: function (res) {
alert(res);
reset();
Search();
},
error: function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError) {

alert(thrownError);
}
});
}
function Search() {///for list

76| Page
 debugger;
var keyword = $('#keyword').val();
$.ajax({
url: "/Home/Search",
dataType: 'json',
data: { 'keyword': keyword },
type: 'Get',
success: function (res) {
if (res.length > 0) {
debugger;
$('#Custtable').html('');
for (var cut of res) {
var showaction = "<input type='button' onclick='return
ShowDetail("+cut.patientId+");' value='Show'/>";
var updateaction = "<input type='button' onclick='return UpdateDetail(" +
cut.patientId + ")' value='Update'/>";
var deleteaction = "<input type='button' onclick='return DeleteDetail(" +
cut.patientId + ")' value='Delete'/>";
var cutrow = "<tr><td>" + cut.patientName + "</td><td>" + cut.patientAge +
"</td><td>" + cut.phoneNumber + "</td><td>" + cut.email + "</td><td>" +
cut.patientBloodGroup + "</td><td>" + cut.patientAddress + "</td><td>" +
cut.emergentContactName + "</td><td>" + cut.emergentContactNumber + "</td><td>" +
cut.appointedDoctor + "</td><td>" + showaction + updateaction + deleteaction + "</td></tr>"
$('#Custtable').append(cutrow);
}
}

},

error: function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError) {

alert(thrownError);
}
});

function ShowDetail(Id) {
// for show
$.ajax({
url: "/Home/ShowPatientDetailById",
dataType: 'json',
data: { 'PatientId': Id },
type: 'Get',
success: function (res) {
if (res != "") {

77| Page
 debugger;

$('#patient-name').val(res[0].patientName);
$('#date-of-birth').val(res[0].patientAge);

$('#gender').val(res[0].gender);
$('#bloodGroup').val(res[0].patientBloodGroup);
$('#phone-number').val(res[0].phoneNumber);
$('#email-address').val(res[0].email);
$('#mailing-address').val(res[0].patientAddress);
$('#emergency-contact-name').val(res[0].emergentContactName);
$('#emergency-contact-phone-number').val(res[0].emergentContactNumber);
$('#appointed-Doctor').val(res[0].appointedDoctor);
ShowPopup();
//btncreate
$('#btnCreate').css('visibility', 'hidden')
}

},
error: function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError) {

alert(thrownError);
}
});
}

//update
function UpdateDetail(Id) {

$.ajax({
url: "/Home/ShowPatientDetailById",
dataType: 'json',
data: { 'PatientId': Id },
type: 'Get',
success: function (res) {
if (res != "") {
debugger;

$('#patient-name').val(res[0].patientName);
$('#date-of-birth').val(res[0].patientAge);
$('#PatientId').val(res[0].patientId);
$('#gender').val(res[0].gender);
$('#bloodGroup').val(res[0].patientBloodGroup);
$('#phone-number').val(res[0].phoneNumber);
$('#email-address').val(res[0].email);
$('#mailing-address').val(res[0].patientAddress);

78| Page
 $('#emergency-contact-name').val(res[0].emergentContactName);
$('#emergency-contact-phone-number').val(res[0].emergentContactNumber);
$('#appointed-Doctor').val(res[0].appointedDoctor);
ShowPopup();
}

},
error: function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError) {

alert(thrownError);
}
});
}

////SAVE

function Save() {
if ($('#PatientId').val().toString() == "0") {
//Create
CreatePatient();
}
else {
//Update
UpdatePatient();
}
}

///update
function UpdatePatient(){
var PatientName = $('#patient-name').val();
var PatientBloodGroup = $('#bloodGroup').val();
var PatientAddress = $('#mailing-address').val();
var Gender = $('#gender').val();
var PatientAge = $('#date-of-birth').val();
var PhoneNumber = $('#phone-number').val();
var Email = $('#email-address').val();
var EmergentContactNumber = $('#emergency-contact-phone-number').val();
var EmergentContactName = $('#emergency-contact-name').val();
var AppointedDoctor = $('#appointed-Doctor').val();
var PatientId = $('#PatientId').val();

// for insert we use this....

$.ajax({
url: "/Home/UpdatePatient",
dataType: 'json',

79| Page
 data: { 'PatientId': PatientId, 'PatientName': PatientName, 'PatientBloodGroup':
PatientBloodGroup, 'PatientAddress': PatientAddress, 'Gender': Gender, 'PatientAge':
PatientAge, 'Email': Email, 'EmergentContactNumber': EmergentContactNumber,
'EmergentContactName': EmergentContactName, 'AppointedDoctor': AppointedDoctor,
'PhoneNumber': PhoneNumber },
type: 'Post',
success: function (res) {
alert(res);
reset();
Search();
},
error: function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError) {

alert(thrownError);
}
});
}

//delete
function DeleteDetail(Id) {
if (confirm("Are you sure you want to delete this?")) {

//delete from table where id = id

$.ajax({
url: "/Home/DeletePatient",
dataType: 'json',
data: { 'PatientId': Id },
type: 'Post',
success: function (res) {
alert(res);

Search();

},

error: function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError) {

alert(thrownError);
}
});
}

80| Page
 else {
alert('Button clicked by mistake');
}
}

function reset() {
$('#patient-name').val('');
$('#bloodGroup').val('');
$('#mailing-address').val('');
$('#gender').val('');
$('#date-of-birth').val('');
$('#phone-number').val('');
$('#email-address').val();
$('#emergency-contact-phone-number').val('');
$('#emergency-contact-name').val('');
$('#appointed-Doctor').val('');
$('#PatientId').val(0);
HidePopup();

}
function isEmail(email) {
var regex = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_.+-])+\@@(([a-zA-Z0-9-])+\.)+([a-zA-Z0-9]{2,4})+$/;
if (!regex.test(email)) {
return false;
}
else {
return true;
}
}

</script>

81| Page
 PROPOSED OF WORK

The proposed workflow for a patient healthcare management

system typically involves several key steps to ensure effective and
efficient patient care. Here is a general outline of the workflow:

1. Patient Registration: The process begins with patient registration,

where the patient's demographic information, contact details, and
insurance information are collected and entered into the system.
This step may involve verifying patient identity and eligibility for
services.
2. Appointment Scheduling: The system allows healthcare providers
or administrative staff to schedule appointments for patients
based on their availability and the patient's preferences. Patients
can also request or reschedule appointments through the system.
3. Patient Check-In: Upon arrival at the healthcare facility, patients
can check-in using self-service kiosks or online portals. This step
helps streamline the check-in process, reducing waiting times and
administrative burden.
4. Electronic Health Record (EHR) Management: Healthcare
providers access the patient's electronic health record within the
system. They can review medical history, previous diagnoses,
medications, allergies, and other relevant information to inform
their treatment decisions.
5. Examination and Treatment: Healthcare providers conduct
examinations, order tests, and document findings within the
system. They can create and update treatment plans, prescribe
medications, and record any procedures or interventions
performed.

82| Page
6. Patient Communication: The system facilitates secure
communication between healthcare providers and patients.
Providers can send messages, share test results, provide
educational materials, and address patient inquiries. Patients can
access their health information and communicate with their care
team through patient portals or mobile applications.
7. Billing and Insurance: The system captures and tracks billing and
insurance information, enabling healthcare providers to generate
accurate and timely claims for services rendered. It helps
streamline the billing process and ensures proper reimbursement.
8. Care Coordination: The patient healthcare management system
allows for seamless coordination and collaboration among
healthcare providers involved in the patient's care. Providers can
share information, update treatment plans, and monitor progress
to ensure continuity and quality of care.
9. Follow-up and Patient Engagement: The system can send
reminders for follow-up appointments, medication refills, or
preventive screenings to patients. It may also provide educational
resources, health tips, and personalized recommendations to
promote patient engagement and proactive healthcare
management.
10. Reporting and Analytics: The system captures and analyzes
data to generate reports on key performance indicators, patient
outcomes, and operational metrics. These reports help healthcare
organizations monitor their performance, identify areas for
improvement, and make data-driven decisions.

The proposed workflow for a patient healthcare management

system aims to streamline patient care processes, enhance
communication and collaboration, improve patient engagement,

83| Page
 and optimize the overall quality and efficiency of healthcare
delivery. It provides a structured framework for managing patient
information, appointments, treatments, and billing while
facilitating effective communication between patients and
healthcare providers.

Improving patient care has become a priority for all health care
providers with the overall objective of achieving a high degree of
patient satisfaction. Greater awareness among the public, increasing
demand for better care, keener competition, more health care
regulation, the rise in medical malpractice litigation, and concern
about poor outcomes are factors that contribute to this change.

The quality of patient care is essentially determined by the quality of

infrastructure, quality of training, competence of personnel and
efficiency of operational systems. The fundamental requirement is
the adoption of a system that is ‘patient orientated’. Existing
problems in health care relate to both medical and non-medical
factors and a comprehensive system that improves both aspects
must be implemented. Health care systems in developing countries
face an even greater challenge since quality and cost recovery must
be balanced with equal opportunities in patient care.

The medical aspects of patient care are much better understood by

most health care providers. This is dependent on the quality of
medical and technical expertise, and the equipment and quality
assurance systems in practice. The following factors contribute to
the improvement of patient care.

1. Trained Personnel. A well-trained ‘Eye Care Team’ is critical to

providing high quality care with desirable outcomes. Lack of
adequate personnel and lack of adequate training facilities for the

84| Page
 available personnel are major problems. The temptation to recruit
untrained or poorly trained people should be resisted. The number
of training programmes must be increased, and the existing
programmes must be improved. Making a uniform basic curriculum
available for all training institutions/programmes should help bring
about standardisation.
2. Quality Eye Care. There is significant concern about the outcomes
of cataract surgery, and other common surgical procedures.
Incorporation of quality assurance systems in every aspect of
patient care is critical. For example, adherence to asepsis in the
operating rooms will help reduce post-operative morbidity and
proper training of ophthalmologists in diagnostic techniques will
help achieve better control of sight-threatening diseases.
3. Equipment. All the necessary equipment must be in place and
properly maintained. This is vital to the performance of the medical
system and contributes significantly to better results. Eye-care
equipment of acceptable standards is now available at reasonable
prices, and this must be accompanied by appropriate maintenance
systems.
4. Use of Proper Instruments. Good quality instruments are now
available at lower costs. With the development of proper inventory
control systems for a given operation, the costs can be lowered.
5. Use of Appropriate Medications. Access to low cost medicines is
an absolute necessity for appropriate care.
6. Use of Newer Technologies. It is important to continually employ
newer technologies that improve the quality of care. Of course, this
must be done with reference to cost-efficiencies.

Improvement of patient care is a dynamic process and should be

uppermost in the minds of medical care personnel. Development
and sustenance of a patient-sensitive system is most critical to
achieving this objective. It is important to pay attention to quality in
every aspect of patient care, both medical and non-medical.

85| Page
 FUTURE SCOPE OF PATIENT HEALTH CARE MANAGEMNET
SYSTEM

The future scope of patient healthcare management systems is

vast and holds great potential for transforming the healthcare
industry. Here are some areas of future development and
opportunities:

1. Interoperability and Data Exchange: Enhancing interoperability

between different healthcare systems and promoting seamless
data exchange will be a crucial focus. Future patient healthcare
management systems will strive to facilitate the secure exchange
of patient information across healthcare providers, ensuring
continuity of care and better care coordination.
2. Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analytics: Patient healthcare
management systems will increasingly leverage artificial
intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics to analyze vast amounts
of patient data. AI algorithms can help identify patterns, predict
disease progression, detect anomalies, and provide personalized
treatment recommendations. This can lead to improved
diagnoses, better treatment outcomes, and proactive disease
prevention.
3. Telehealth and Remote Monitoring: The integration of telehealth
capabilities into patient healthcare management systems will
continue to expand. Remote monitoring devices and telemedicine
solutions will enable healthcare providers to remotely monitor
patients' health conditions, conduct virtual consultations, and
deliver care outside of traditional healthcare settings. This will
enhance access to healthcare, especially for patients in rural or
underserved areas.

86| Page
4. Patient Engagement and Self-Management: Future patient
healthcare management systems will prioritize patient
engagement and empower individuals to actively participate in
their healthcare journey. Patient portals, mobile applications, and
wearable devices will provide patients with tools to access their
health information, monitor their vitals, set health goals, track
progress, and receive personalized health recommendations.
5. Population Health Management: Patient healthcare management
systems will play a vital role in population health management.
They will help identify at-risk populations, manage chronic
diseases, track health trends, and implement preventive measures.
Advanced analytics will enable healthcare organizations to identify
and address public health challenges proactively.
6. Blockchain Technology: Blockchain technology holds promise for
enhancing data security, privacy, and interoperability in patient
healthcare management systems. Blockchain can provide a
decentralized and immutable ledger, ensuring the integrity and
confidentiality of patient data, facilitating secure data sharing, and
enabling patient-controlled access to their health records.
7. Integration with Internet of Things (IoT): Integration with IoT
devices will enable patient healthcare management systems to
gather real-time health data from wearable devices, home
monitoring systems, and connected medical devices. This data
integration will support remote patient monitoring, early
detection of health issues, and personalized care delivery.
8. Patient Feedback and Sentiment Analysis: Future patient
healthcare management systems will incorporate mechanisms for
collecting patient feedback and sentiment analysis. Analyzing
patient feedback and sentiment can provide valuable insights into

87| Page
 the patient experience, satisfaction levels, and areas for
improvement in healthcare services.
9. Enhanced Decision Support Systems: Advanced decision support
systems will be integrated into patient healthcare management
systems to assist healthcare providers in making evidence-based
decisions. These systems will offer real-time clinical guidelines,
treatment recommendations, and drug interaction alerts based on
patient-specific data.

The future scope of patient healthcare management systems is

exciting, with potential advancements driven by technological
innovations and a focus on improving patient outcomes,
enhancing care coordination, and promoting patient engagement.
These advancements will revolutionize healthcare delivery, leading
to more personalized, efficient, and patient-centered care.

Technological Improvements

Accuracy of monitoring devices and networks for

communication Close and constant cooperation between patients
and healthcare providers is key to chronic disease management.

Medical Improvement

88| Page
Need for clinical evidence Although previous studies have proved
the practicality of CPBMI use, its actual medical effectiveness has not
yet been established, and clinical evidence of its effectiveness is
limited. Appropriate application of CPBMI to medical fields requires
collection of large-scale, research-based evidence of its clinical
effectivenes.

User Improvements

Although familiar with in-hospital medical care, patients are

relatively less experienced and confident with using CPBMI. Hence,
promoting patients' active and voluntary participation is very
important. Besides interaction between medical providers and
patients, communication among chronic disease patients is also
important.

89| Page
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, patient health care management system is a crucial

tool for improving the delivery of healthcare services to patients.
It offers a wide range of benefits such as improved patient care,
increased efficiency, reduced costs, and better data management.
However, the implementation of this system comes with its own
set of challenges that must be carefully considered and
addressed.

Effective planning, selection of the right system, training and

education, system integration, evaluation and improvement, and
continuous monitoring are key factors to the success of
implementing a patient health care management system. The
future of this system looks promising with the potential for
advancements in technology, increased patient engagement, and
improved health outcomes. Ultimately, the goal of the system is
to provide high-quality care to patients while ensuring their
health data is secure and protected.

90| Page
 REFERANCE

Here are some references related to patient health care

management system:

1. Sheikh, A., Jha, A., & Cresswell, K. (2015). Health information

technology in the service of enhanced primary care delivery: a
review of the literature. Journal of medical systems, 39(4), 1-17.
2. Kannan, V., & Balamurugan, S. (2015). Patient health record
management system: A review. Journal of medical systems, 39(6),
1-11.
3. Kukafka, R., Ancker, J. S., Chan, C., Chelico, J., Khan, S., Mortoti,
S., ... & Stetson, P. D. (2011). Redesigning electronic health record
systems to support public health. Journal of biomedical
informatics, 44(3), 414-417.
4. Lau, F., Kuziemsky, C., & Price, M. (2011). A review on empirical
studies of health information exchange. Journal of healthcare
engineering, 2(1), 1-29.
5. Thakkar, M., & Davis, D. C. (2016). Risks, benefits, and challenges
of electronic health record systems: A review. Journal of medical
systems, 40(12), 1-13.

91| Page