CHAPTER 1.31.4 STRESS Bearing Stress Thin Walled Vessel

CHAPTER 1.
3: SIMPLE
STRESSES (Bearing Stress)
MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES (STRENGTH OF MATERIALS)

3.1 BEARING STRESS (δb)
▪ Contact Pressure between separate bodies
▪ Differs from normal stress which is the internal stress caused by a
compressive force
▪ Examples: Soil pressure beneath a support, contact pressure
between a rivet and the side of its hoke.
𝑃𝑏
δ𝑏 =
𝐴𝑏
Example No. 1 The cylindrical steel column has an outer diameter of 4 in. and
inner diameter of 3.5 in. The column is separated from the concrete
foundation by a square bearing plate. The working compressive stress is 26,000
psi for the column, and the working bearing stress is 1,200 psi for concrete. Find
the largest force P that can be applied to the column.
Ans: Psafe = 58,800 lb

Example No. 2 The lap joint is fastened with four 3Τ4-in.-diameter rivets. The
working stresses are 14 ksi for the rivets in shear and 18 ksi for the plates in
bearing. Find the maximum safe axial load P that can be applied to the joint.
Assume that the load is equally distributed among the rivets.
Ans: Psafe = 24.74 Kips

Example No. 3 The lap joint is connected by three 20-mm-diameter rivets.
Assuming that the axial load P = 50 kN is distributed equally among the three
rivets, find
(a)the shear stress in a rivet;
(b) the bearing stress between a plate and a rivet; and
(c) the maximum average tensile stress in each plate.
Ans: 𝜏𝑨 = 53.05 MPa ;δb = 33.33 MPa; δ max = 18.18 MPa

Example No. 3 For the joint shown in the figure, calculate
(a)the largest bearing stress between the pin and the members;
(b)the shear stress in the pin; and
(c) the largest normal stress in the members.
Ans: δb max = 166.67 MPa; 𝜏𝒑𝒊𝒏= 101.86 MPa ; δ max = 166.67 MPa
CHAPTER 1.4: SIMPLE
STRESSES (THINNED WALLED
PRESSURE VESSEL)
MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES (STRENGTH OF MATERIALS)

4.1 THINNED-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL
4.1 THINNED-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL
▪ Often cylindrical or spherical (pressure tanks and pipes)

▪ Pressure acting on the inner surface of the cylinder is resisted by
tensile stresses in the walls of the vessel
▪ Thin-walled if the ratio of
𝑟
≥ 10
𝑡
4.1 TWO TYPES OF STRESSES DEVELOPED IN THIN-WALLED
PRESSURE CYLINDER
A. Circumferential or Hoop Stress

B. Longitudinal stress in closed end cylinders
4.2.1 CYLINDRICAL VESSELS
A. Circumferential Stress (δC)

▪ It is the normal stress component on a longitudinal section
▪ Also known as hoop stress or tangential stress
▪ Acts tangent to the surface of the cylinder
𝑝𝐷
δ𝑐 =
2𝑡
4.2.1 CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS
4.2.1 CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS
Typical appearance of failed cylindrical pressure vessel

4.2.2 LONGITUDINAL STRESS
b. Longitudinal Stress(δl)
▪ It is the normal stress component on a transverse section
▪ Acts parallel to longitudinal axis of cylinder
𝑝𝐷
δl =
4𝑡
4.3 SPHERICAL VESSEL
▪ Same analysis as longitudinal stress in cylindrical

▪ Also, stress is the same regardless of direction
𝑝𝐷
δ=
4𝑡
4.4 THIN-WALLED PRESSURE
Example No. 1 A spherical shell with 70-in, outer diameter and 67-in. inner
diameter contains helium at a pressure of 1200 psi. Compute the stress in the
shell.
Ans: δ= 13,400 psi

Example No. 2 A spherical pressure vessel has a 1.5-ft inner radius and 3/16-in.
wall thickness. If the working tensile stress of the material is 6000 psi, determine
the maximum allowable internal pressure.
Ans: p = 125 psi

Example No. 3 The cylindrical portion of the propane tank has an outer
diameter of 12 in, and a wall thickness of 0.125 in. Calculate the longitudinal
and circumferential stresses in the wall of the cylinder when the tank is
pressurized to 200 psi.
Ans: δ l = 4700 psi; δc = 9400 psi;

Example No. 4 Calculate the minimum wall thickness for a cylindrical vessel
that is to carry a gas at a pressure of 1400 psi. The diameter of the vessel is 2 ft.
and the stress is limited to 12 ksi.
Ans: t = 1.4 in
Example No. 5 A cylindrical pressure vessel is fabricated from steel plating that
has a thickness of 20 mm. The diameter of the pressure vessel is 450 mm and its
length is 2.0 m. Determine the maximum internal pressure that can be applied
if the longitudinal stress is limited to 140 MPa, and the circumferential stress is
limited to 60 MPa.
Ans: p = 5.33 MPa

Example No. 6 The tank shown in the figure is fabricated from 1/8-in steel plate.
Calculate the maximum longitudinal and circumferential stress caused by an
internal pressure of 125 psi.
Ans: δ l = 6,566.02 psi; δc = 21,000 psi;

CHAPTER 1.31.4 STRESS Bearing Stress Thin Walled Vessel

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CHAPTER 1.31.4 STRESS Bearing Stress Thin Walled Vessel

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CHAPTER 1.

MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES (STRENGTH OF MATERIALS)

Ans: Psafe = 58,800 lb

Ans: Psafe = 24.74 Kips

Ans: 𝜏𝑨 = 53.05 MPa ;δb = 33.33 MPa; δ max = 18.18 MPa

MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES (STRENGTH OF MATERIALS)

▪ Often cylindrical or spherical (pressure tanks and pipes)

A. Circumferential or Hoop Stress

A. Circumferential Stress (δC)

Typical appearance of failed cylindrical pressure vessel

▪ Same analysis as longitudinal stress in cylindrical

Ans: δ= 13,400 psi

Ans: p = 125 psi

Ans: δ l = 4700 psi; δc = 9400 psi;

Ans: p = 5.33 MPa

Ans: δ l = 6,566.02 psi; δc = 21,000 psi;

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