7.

Integrating Powers of sine and cosine

In this section we shall study methods for evaluating integrals of the form

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑥

Where 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 are nonnegative integers

7.1 Integrals of the form

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Trigonometric identities: Double angle formulas : Gr 12 identities NB!!! Make

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 the subject. Remember you can integrate cos 2𝑥 by using
𝑢 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 = 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 1

1 1
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = (1 − cos 2𝑥) ∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)
2 2

Example 1 : Evaluate

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
= ∫(1 − cos 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2 2

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 1 cos 2𝑥
= (𝑥 − )+𝑐 = (𝑥 + )+𝑐
2 2 2 2

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
= 𝑥− +𝑐 = 𝑥+ +𝑐
2 4 2 4

7.2 If 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 are both positive integers, then the integral

 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Can be evaluated by one of three procedures, depending on whether 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑛 are odd or
even. Please study the table and apply the rules!!

Procedure Relevant Identities

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑛 𝑜𝑑𝑑 • Split of a factor of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)

• Apply the relevant identity
• Make the substitution 𝑢 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑚 𝑜𝑑𝑑 • Split of a factor of 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
• Apply the relevant identity
• Make the substitution 𝑢 =
cos 𝑥
𝑚 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 • Use the relevant identities to 1
{ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = (1 − cos 2𝑥)
𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 2
reduce the powers on {
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2

Example 2 : Evaluate

1. 2.
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)2

2
= ∫(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1
= ∫ [ (1 − cos 2𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥
2

= ∫(1 − 𝑢2 )𝑑𝑢 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 1

= ∫(1 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
4
𝑢3 1
=𝑢− +𝑐 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 = (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥)
3 2
1 1
= + 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 (𝑔𝑟12 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦)
2 2
 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 + 𝑐 ∴ ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3

1 1 1
= ∫ (1 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + + 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4 2 2

1 3 1
= ∫ ( − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4 2 2

3 1 1
= 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥 + 𝑐
8 4 32

7.3 Example 3: Evaluate ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Since 𝑛 = 5 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑

∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑢4 (1 − 𝑢2 )2 𝑑𝑢 (𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥)

= ∫ 𝑢4 (1 − 2𝑢2 + 𝑢4 )𝑑𝑢

= ∫(𝑢4 − 2𝑢6 + 𝑢8 )𝑑𝑢

1 2 1
= 𝑢5 − 𝑢7 + 𝑢9 + 𝑐
5 7 9

1 2 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛9 + 𝑐
5 7 9

7.4 Example 4: Evaluate ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = 4 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦

∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

2 2
1 1
= ∫ ( (1 − cos 2𝑥)) ( (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥))
2 2

1
= ∫(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
16

1
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
16

Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = 2 𝑑𝑥

∴ ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
16

1 3 1 1
= ( 𝑢 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑢) + 𝑐 (𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 2𝑏)
16 8 4 32

3 1 1
= 𝑥− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4𝑥 + sin 8𝑥 + 𝑐
128 128 1024

Exercise 7: Evaluate

NB!! Please solve all questions WITH OUT looking at the answers. Then mark your work.
See where you went wrong. Analyse to seek your own mistake. Re do the sum and make
sure you understand it. If not please contact me.

If you see a mistake in the answers, please let me know.

Exercise 7: Evaluate

1. 2. sin 𝑎𝑥 . cos 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

3. 4. 𝑥
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 5𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
4
 5. 6.
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡

7. 8.
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

9. 10.
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

11. 𝑥 12. sin 𝑥

∫ sin 𝑥 cos ( ) 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 8 𝑥

𝜋 𝜋
13. 4 14. 3
3
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 0

𝜋
15. 6
∫ sin 2𝑥 cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

Worked out answers: Exercise 7

1.
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)2 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 = sin 𝑥 ;

𝑑𝑢
= cos 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ;
𝑑𝑥

= ∫(1 − 𝑢2 )2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

= ∫(1 − 2𝑢2 + 𝑢4 ) 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

= ∫(𝑢 − 2𝑢3 + 𝑢5 ) 𝑑𝑢

𝑢2 2𝑢4 𝑢6
= − + +𝑐
2 4 6
 1 1 1
= 𝑢2 − 𝑢4 + 𝑢6 + 𝑐
2 2 6

2. 𝑑𝑢 1
∫ sin 𝑎𝑥 . cos 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 = sin 𝑎𝑥 ; = 𝑎 cos 𝑎𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑎

1 Remember you can also make 𝑑𝑥 the subject

= ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑎 and the insert it!!!!!!

1 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
= +𝑐 = 𝑑𝑥 if you substitute it will be
𝑎 2 𝑎 cos 𝑎𝑥

1 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐 ∫ 𝑢 cos 𝑎𝑥 ( 𝑡ℎ𝑒 cos 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡)
2𝑎 𝑎 cos 𝑎𝑥

3.
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 5𝜃 𝑑𝜃

1
= ∫(1 − cos 10 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
2

1 sin 10 𝜃
= (𝜃 − )+𝑐
2 10

1 1
𝜃 − sin 10 𝜃 + 𝑐
2 20

4. 𝑥
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
4

𝑥 2
= ∫ (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
4

1 𝑥 2
= ∫ [ (1 + cos )] 𝑑𝑥
2 2

1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1 1 1
= ∫ (1 + 2 cos + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 = (1 + cos 𝑥) = + cos 𝑥
4 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 𝑥 1 1
= ∫ (1 + 2 cos + + cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4 2 2 2

1 3 𝑥 1
= (∫ + 2 cos + cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4 2 2 2
 1 3 𝑥 1
= ( 𝑥 + 2 sin . 2 + sin 𝑥) + 𝑐
4 2 2 2

3 𝑥 1
= 𝑥 + sin + sin 𝑥 + 𝑐
8 2 8

5.
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

= ∫(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑢

𝑢 = sin 𝜃 ; = cos 𝜃 ; 𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝜃

= ∫(1 − 𝑢2 )2 𝑑𝑢

= ∫(1 − 2𝑢2 + 𝑢4 ) 𝑑𝑢

2 𝑢5
= 𝑢 − 𝑢3 + + 𝑐
3 5

2 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 𝜃 + 𝑐
3 5

6.
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡

= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑡 cos 𝑡 𝑑𝑡

= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡) cos 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑢 1

𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 ; = 2 cos 2𝑡 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2
1
= ∫ 𝑢2 (1 − 𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑢
2

1
= ∫(𝑢2 − 𝑢4 )𝑑𝑢
2

1 𝑢3 𝑢5
= ( − )+𝑐
2 3 5
 1 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 2𝑡 + 𝑐
6 10

7.
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢

𝑢 = cos 𝑥 ; = − sin 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

= − ∫ 𝑢4 (1 − 𝑢2 )𝑑𝑢

= − ∫(𝑢4 − 𝑢6 ) 𝑑𝑢

𝑢5 𝑢7
= −( − )+𝑐
5 7

1 1
= − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑥 7 𝑥 + 𝑐
5 7

8.
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃 sin 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

= ∫(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃)2 sin 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑢

𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ; = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ; −𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝜃

= − ∫(1 − 𝑢2 )2 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢

= − ∫(1 − 2𝑢2 + 𝑢4 )𝑢4 𝑑𝑢

= − ∫(𝑢4 − 2𝑢6 + 𝑢8 ) 𝑑𝑢

𝑢5 2𝑢7 𝑢9
= −( − + )+𝑐
5 7 9

1 2 1
= − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 7 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 9 𝜃 + 𝑐
5 7 9
9.
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
= ∫ (1 − cos 2𝑥) . (1 + cos 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2 2

1
= ∫(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4
𝑑𝑢 1
1 𝑢 = 2𝑥 ; = 2 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
4

1 1
= ( ) ( ) ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
4 2

1 1
= ∫ (1 − cos 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
8 2

1
= ∫(1 − cos 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
16

1 sin 2𝑢
= (𝑢 − )+𝑐
16 2

1 1
= (2𝑥) − sin 4𝑥 + 𝑐
16 32

10. Use the following identity in 10 & 11

∫ sin 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
1 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵)]
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 + 2𝑥) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 2
2

1
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑥) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2 sin(−𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 4𝑡ℎ 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑

1 1
= ∫ sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∴ sin(−𝑥) = − sin 𝑥
2 2

1 −cos 3𝑥 1
= ( ) − (− cos 𝑥) + 𝑐
2 3 2

1 1
= − cos 3𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + 𝑐
6 2
11. 𝑥
∫ sin 𝑥 cos ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2

1 𝑥 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 + ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2

1 3𝑥 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2

1 3𝑥 2 1 𝑥 NB!! Do 𝑢 substitution if you not understand

= (− cos ) . + (− cos ) . 2 + 𝑐
2 2 3 2 2

12. sin 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 8 𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = cos 𝑥 ; = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= − ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −8 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= − ∫ 𝑢−8 𝑑𝑢

𝑢−7
=− +𝑐
−7

1
= (cos 𝑥)−7 + 𝑐
7

1
= +𝑐
7𝑐𝑜𝑠 7 𝑥

𝜋
13. 4
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

𝜋
4
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

𝜋
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = sin 𝑥 ; = cos 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
𝜋 𝜋 √2
𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢 = sin ; 𝑢 =
√2 4 4 2
2
= ∫ (1 − 𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑢
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0 𝑢 = sin 0 ; 𝑢 = 0

𝑢3 √2
= [𝑢 − ] 2
3
1
 3
√2
(2)
√2 (0)3
= − − [0 − ] NB!!!! Please remember when you work with
2 3 3
[ ] definite integrals there is NO 𝑐!!|

5√2
= −0
12

5√2
=
12

𝜋
14. 3
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

𝜋
3
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0

𝜋
3
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 3𝑥 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 3𝑥) cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑑𝑢 1
𝑢 = sin 3𝑥 ; = 3 cos 3𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑢 = cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3
1 0 4
= ∫ 𝑢 (1 − 𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑢 𝜋 𝜋
3 0 𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = ; 𝑢 = sin 3 ( ) ; 𝑢 = 0
3 3

1 0 𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑢 = sin(0) ; 𝑢=0
= ∫ (𝑢4 − 𝑢6 ) 𝑑𝑢
3 0

1 𝑢5 𝑢7 0
= [ − ]
3 5 7 0

1
= (0 − 0)
3

=0

𝜋 1
15. 6
∫ sin 2𝑥 cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵)]
2
0

𝜋 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 = 6𝑥 ; 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 = −2𝑥
1 6
= ∫ (sin 6𝑥 + sin(−2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥
2 0
 𝜋
1 6
= ∫ (sin 6𝑥 − sin 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2 0

𝜋
1 − cos 6𝑥 − cos 2𝑥
= [ −( )] 6
2 6 2 0

𝜋
1 cos 6𝑥 cos 2𝑥
= [− +( )] 6
2 6 2 0

1 𝜋 1 𝜋
= [(− cos 6 ( )) + cos 2( )]
12 6 4 6
1 1
− [(− cos 6 (0)) + cos 2(0)]
12 4

5 1
= −
24 6

1
=
24