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Pearson Edexcel
International
Advanced Level
Thursday 23 May 2019

Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference WCH02/01
Chemistry
Advanced Subsidiary
Unit 2: Application of Core Principles of Chemistry
Candidates must have: Scientific calculator. Total Marks
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your
written communication will be assessed
– you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar,
as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P55636A
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.
2/2/1/1/1/
*P55636A0128*
https://t.me/joinchat/wwc3WbVZ6MtkYWU0 www.igexams.com
SECTION A
Answer ALL the questions in this section. You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

this section. For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box .
If you change your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with
a cross .
1 This question is about the molecule propene, CH2 CH CH3 .

(a) How do bond length and bond enthalpy compare for the C C and C C bonds
in propene?
(1)
A The C C bond is shorter and has a higher bond enthalpy.
B The C C bond is shorter and has a lower bond enthalpy.
C The C C bond is longer and has a higher bond enthalpy.
D The C C bond is longer and has a lower bond enthalpy.

(b) Electron pair repulsion theory predicts that the two different H C H bond
angles in propene are approximately
(1)
A 120° and 90°
B 120° and 109.5°
C 107° and 109.5°
D 107° and 90°
(c) In propene, the shape around the central carbon atom is described as
(1)
A linear.
B pyramidal.
C tetrahedral.
D trigonal planar.
(Total for Question 1 = 3 marks)
2
*P55636A0228*
2 Which form of the element carbon does not contain delocalised electrons?
A Buckminsterfullerene
B Carbon nanotubes
C Diamond
D Graphite
(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)
3 This question is about the following organic compounds all of which are liquids at
room temperature.
A Diiodomethane
B Ethanol
C Propanal
D Tetrachloromethane
(a) Which liquid would not be deflected significantly by a charged rod when run
from a burette?
(1)
A
B
C
D
(b) Which compound would give a coloured precipitate when warmed with
aqueous silver nitrate?
(1)
A
B
C
D
3
*P55636A0328* Turn over
4 During iodine and thiosulfate titrations, the following reaction occurs.
2S2O32− + I2 o S4O62− + 2I−

(a) The oxidation number of sulfur in S2O32− is
(1)
A +2
B +3
C +4
D +8
(b) The oxidation number of sulfur in S4O62− is

(1)
A +2.5

B +3
C +3.5
D +7
5 A nitrate compound of a Group 2 metal, M, was thermally decomposed.

0.164 g of the metal nitrate gave 2.5 × 10−3 mol of gas.
The equation for the reaction is
2M(NO3)2(s) o 2MO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
What is metal M?
A Magnesium
B Calcium
C Strontium
D Barium
4
*P55636A0428*
6 The diagram below shows the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for the molecular
energies of a gaseous system at two temperatures, and the activation energy for both
uncatalysed, Ea , and catalysed, Ea(cat) , reactions.
Number of particles
with energy E
W
Y
X
Z
Ea(cat) Ea
Energy, E
(a) The main reason why an increase in temperature increases the rate of a
chemical reaction is because
(1)
A the activation energy increases.
B the activation energy decreases.
C collisions occur with greater energy.
D collisions occur more frequently.
(b) Consider only the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution at the higher temperature.

Which area of the graph shows the additional number of particles with energy
greater than the activation energy, due to the presence of the catalyst?
(1)
A Area X
B Area W + X
C Area X + Z
D Area W + X + Y + Z
5
7 Which of the following is not a disproportionation reaction?

A 3MnO42− + 4H+ → 2MnO4− + MnO2 + 2H2O

B Cu2O + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + Cu + H2O
C 3IO− → 2I− + IO3−
D Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 → 2PbSO4 + 2H2O
8 Nitrogen dioxide, NO2 , a brown gas, always exists in equilibrium with

dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4 , a colourless gas.
2NO2 U N2O4 ¨H = −57.2 kJ mol−1
(a) At equilibrium, a sample of these gases is brown in colour.

The pressure is decreased.

When the system has returned to equilibrium, the mixture will be
(1)
A colourless.
B darker brown.
C lighter brown.
D unchanged.
(b) The temperature of the system is lowered.

When the system has returned to equilibrium, the mixture will be
(1)
A colourless.
B darker brown. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
C lighter brown.
D unchanged.
6
*P55636A0628*
9 Which of the following is a secondary halogenoalkane?

A CH3CH2CHClCH3
B (CH3)2CClCH3
C CH2ClCH2CH2CH3
D CH2ClCH2CH2CH2Cl
10 What is the mechanism and type of the reaction between ammonia

and chloromethane?
A Electrophilic addition
B Nucleophilic addition
C Free radical substitution
D Nucleophilic substitution
11 The first step in the reaction between chlorine and ethane involves
A heterolytic bond breaking.
B homolytic bond breaking.
C electrophilic attack by chlorine.
D nucleophilic attack by chlorine.
12 Which statement about propanal, CH3CH2CHO, and propanone, CH3COCH3 is not correct?
The compounds have
A a different fingerprint region in the infrared spectrum.

B an absorption in the infrared spectrum due to the carbonyl group.
C different fragmentation patterns in the mass spectrum.
D molecular ion peaks at different mass to charge ratios.
7
13 Samples of the isomers propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol can be identified by

mass spectrometry.

Only propan-1-ol would be expected to have a significant peak in its mass spectrum
at m / e value of
A 15
B 31
C 45
D 60
14 Which of these contributes to global warming by absorbing infrared radiation?

A Argon gas
B Nitrogen gas

C Oxygen gas
D Water vapour
TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS
8
*P55636A0828*
BLANK PAGE
9
SECTION B
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

15 Magnesium oxide, known as magnesia, can be produced by the thermal decomposition
of magnesium carbonate.
The equation for the reaction is
MgCO3(s) o MgO(s) + CO2(g)
*(a) Other Group 2 carbonates also undergo thermal decomposition.
State and explain the trend in thermal stability of carbonates down Group 2.
(4)
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(b) Magnesia absorbs water from the air to form magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2 .
MgO(s) + H2O(g) o Mg(OH)2(s)
Both magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide react with hydrochloric acid as
shown in the equations. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) o MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

Mg(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(aq) o MgCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
An old bottle, labelled magnesia, contained a mixture of magnesium oxide and
magnesium hydroxide.
0.180 g of this mixture was dissolved in 50.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, with a
concentration of 0.200 mol dm−3.
The excess hydrochloric acid was titrated with a solution of sodium hydroxide,
with a concentration of 0.100 mol dm−3.
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) o NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
18.50 cm3 of the sodium hydroxide solution was needed to neutralise the excess acid.
10
*P55636A01028*
(i) Give the name of a suitable indicator for this titration and the colour of the
indicator at the end point of the reaction.
(2)
Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Colour at the end point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..........................................
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid that reacted with the
sodium hydroxide solution.
(1)
(iii) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid originally added to 0.180 g of
the mixture.
Use this answer and your answer to (b)(ii) to calculate the number of moles of
hydrochloric acid that have reacted with the mixture of magnesium oxide and
(2)
(iv) Calculate the mass of pure magnesium oxide that would react with the
number of moles of hydrochloric acid in (b)(iii).
(2)
11
(v) The difference in the mass of the impure sample and the mass of
magnesium oxide in (b)(iv) is due to water absorbed from the air to form

MgO(s) + H2O(g) o Mg(OH)2(s)
Use your answer to (b)(iv) to calculate the mass of water absorbed by the sample,
and hence find the mass of magnesium hydroxide present in 0.180 g of the mixture.
(3)

*(c) State why carrying out a flame test is not an appropriate way to confirm the
presence of magnesium ions in the sample of magnesia.
(1)
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12
*P55636A01228*
BLANK PAGE
13
16 Ozone (O3) is present in the upper atmosphere.

(a) Chlorine atoms catalyse the decomposition of ozone and contribute to

the depletion of the ozone layer. These chlorine atoms are formed from
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as CCl2F2 .
(i) Give the IUPAC name for CCl2F2 .
(1)
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(ii) Complete the following equation that shows the formation of a chlorine atom
from a molecule of CCl2F2 .
Curly arrows are not required.
(1)
Cl
F C Cl o + Cl•
F

(iii) State what the dot (•) represents in Cl•
(1)
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(iv) Write two equations to show how a chlorine atom catalyses the
decomposition of ozone into oxygen.
State symbols and curly arrows are not required.
(2)
Equation 1
Equation 2
14
*P55636A01428*
(b) Most scientists supported the legislation to ban the use of CFCs.
Many modern refrigerators use pentane as the refrigerant instead of CFCs.
State why pentane is a more environmentally acceptable refrigerant.

(1)
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15
17 The reaction between 2-chlorobutane and alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution

produces a mixture of organic products.

The mixture is heated under reflux using the apparatus shown in the diagram.
Three products, A, B and C, were produced by an elimination reaction.
These products passed through the condenser and were collected in the gas syringe.
A small amount of a fourth organic product, D, remained in the reaction mixture.
Product D was produced by a substitution reaction.
gas syringe
water
condenser
water

hot oil bath
(a) The four products were isolated and purified. Their boiling temperatures were
measured and each was treated with bromine water.
The results are shown in the table.
Boiling temperature Observation when mixed

Product
/K with bromine water
A 267 Yellow to colourless
B 274 Yellow to colourless

C 277 Yellow to colourless
D 373 No change
16
*P55636A01628*
(i) Use the data to state why products A, B and C were collected in the gas
syringe but D remained in the reaction mixture.
(1)
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(ii) State what can be deduced from the results of the test with bromine water.
(1)
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(b) Products B and C both react with hydrogen bromide to give the same compound X
as the only product.

A also reacts with hydrogen bromide to give compound X, but also gives a
second compound Y in lower yield.
Identify A, B, C, X and Y by name or formula.
(5)
A ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B and C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... and ..............................................................................
X ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Y ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
(c) (i) Draw the displayed formula of the organic product D.

(1)

(ii) Give the change required to the conditions so that the same reactants,
potassium hydroxide and 2-chlorobutane, produce a high yield of product D
with very low yields of products A, B and C.
(1)
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(iii) Draw the mechanism for the substitution reaction producing D from
2-chlorobutane.
Show curly arrows, and relevant lone pairs and dipoles.
(3)
18
*P55636A01828*
18 This question is about the alcohol propan-1-ol.

(a) Under suitable conditions, propan-1-ol, CH3CH2CH2OH, can be oxidised to
propanal, CH3CH2CHO.
(i) Give the reagents and conditions for this oxidation.
(2)
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(ii) Propanal has a lower boiling temperature than propan-1-ol.

Identify all the intermolecular forces in each substance and hence explain
this difference in boiling temperature. A detailed description of the forces
involved is not required.
(3)
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(b) Describe a chemical test and its result which would distinguish propan-1-ol from propanal.
(2)
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19
(c) Under different conditions, propan-1-ol can be oxidised to propanoic acid.

Complete the equation for this oxidation.

(1)
CH3CH2CH2OH + [O] o +
TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 41 MARKS

20
*P55636A02028*
SECTION C
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
19 This question is about the Group 7 element iodine.
Iodine is the least abundant of the stable halogens, comprising only 0.46 parts per million
by mass of the Earth’s crust.
Until the 19th century, the main source of iodine was extraction from the seaweed, kelp.
Kelp uses iodide ions in seawater to form iodine containing organic compounds as it grows.
Burning the kelp converts the iodine in these compounds into iodide ions.
In a laboratory, iodine can be extracted from kelp in five stages:
Stage 1 Formation of an ash containing iodide ions by burning kelp in air
Stage 2 Dissolving the iodide ions in boiling water
Stage 3 Conversion of iodide ions in solution into iodine
Stage 4 Extraction of the iodine into the organic solvent cyclohexane
Stage 5 Evaporation of the solvent to leave iodine crystals.
(a) State why iodine is described as a p-block element.

(1)
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(b) Calculate the average number of moles of iodine atoms in 1 tonne (1000 kg) of
the Earth’s crust.
(2)
21
(c) One method for the conversion of iodide ions to iodine in Stage 3 is to acidify the
aqueous solution of iodide ions and then add hydrogen peroxide.

(i) Write the half-equation for the conversion of iodide ions to iodine.
State symbols are not required.
(1)
(ii) Write the half-equation for the conversion of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 , to
water in acid conditions.
(1)
(iii) Use your answers in (c)(i) and (c)(ii) to write the ionic equation for the
conversion of iodide ions to iodine using acidified hydrogen peroxide.

(1)
(iv) Describe what you would see when this reaction is carried out.
(1)
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(v) State the role of the hydrogen peroxide in this reaction.

Justify your answer using oxidation numbers.
(2)
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22
*P55636A02228*
(vi) The ash contains chloride and bromide ions as well as iodide ions.
Explain why iodide ions are converted to iodine, but chlorine and bromine are
only formed if excess hydrogen peroxide is added.

(2)
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(d) The extraction of iodine relies on the different solubilities of the compounds
containing iodide ions in Stage 2 and iodine in Stage 4
in the solvents water and cyclohexane.
(i) Describe what happens in terms of the interactions of iodide ions with water
when iodide ions dissolve in water.
(2)
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(ii) Explain why iodine is more soluble in cyclohexane than in water.

(2)
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23
(e) Stage 4 is carried out using a separating funnel.

Cyclohexane was carefully added to the aqueous solution of iodine and the

separating funnel sealed with a stopper. The mixture was then shaken vigorously,
releasing the pressure at intervals.
Label the colours of the layers in the separating funnels both before and after
shaking.
[Cyclohexane density 0.78 g cm−3 Aqueous solution density 1.0 g cm−3]
(2)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... ...............................

Before shaking After shaking
(f ) Suggest why, in Stage 5, the solution is left in a fume cupboard so the

cyclohexane can evaporate, and is not heated.
(2)
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TOTAL FOR SECTION C = 19 MARKS

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS
24
*P55636A02428*
BLANK PAGE
25
*P55636A02528*

BLANK PAGE
26
*P55636A02628*
BLANK PAGE
27
*P55636A02728*
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Centre Number Candidate Number

Thursday 23 May 2019

Candidates must have: Scientific calculator. Total Marks

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1 This question is about the molecule propene, CH2 CH CH3 .

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(Total for Question 1 = 3 marks)

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

(Total for Question 3 = 2 marks)

4 During iodine and thiosulfate titrations, the following reaction occurs.

2S2O32− + I2 o S4O62− + 2I−

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(b) The oxidation number of sulfur in S4O62− is

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(Total for Question 4 = 2 marks)

5 A nitrate compound of a Group 2 metal, M, was thermally decomposed.

2M(NO3)2(s) o 2MO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

(Total for Question 5 = 1 mark)

(b) Consider only the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution at the higher temperature.

(Total for Question 6 = 2 marks)

7 Which of the following is not a disproportionation reaction?

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(Total for Question 7 = 1 mark)

8 Nitrogen dioxide, NO2 , a brown gas, always exists in equilibrium with

2NO2 U N2O4 ¨H = −57.2 kJ mol−1

(a) At equilibrium, a sample of these gases is brown in colour.

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(b) The temperature of the system is lowered.

(Total for Question 8 = 2 marks)

9 Which of the following is a secondary halogenoalkane?

(Total for Question 9 = 1 mark)

10 What is the mechanism and type of the reaction between ammonia

(Total for Question 10 = 1 mark)

(Total for Question 11 = 1 mark)

A a different fingerprint region in the infrared spectrum.

(Total for Question 12 = 1 mark)

13 Samples of the isomers propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol can be identified by

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(Total for Question 13 = 1 mark)

14 Which of these contributes to global warming by absorbing infrared radiation?

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(Total for Question 14 = 1 mark)

TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS

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MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) o MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

Colour at the end point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..........................................

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(Total for Question 15 = 15 marks)

16 Ozone (O3) is present in the upper atmosphere.

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State why pentane is a more environmentally acceptable refrigerant.

(Total for Question 16 = 6 marks)

17 The reaction between 2-chlorobutane and alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution

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